Successful transcervical uterine flushing can be performed without or reduced dose of oestradiol benzoate in cervical relaxation protocol in Dorper ewes

ABSTRACT Hypophysectomy was performed at the same time as ovariectomy in 19 rats aged 6 weeks; in addition a fragment of the animal's own ovary was implanted into the greater omentum. The graft took but there was complete cessation of the growth of the implant and a decrease in body and uterine weights as compared to 15 ovariectomized controls of the same age killed after one month. This shows that the pituitary is indispensable for the growth of ovarian implants but not for their take. In 84 spayed rats aged 3 weeks with ovarian implants, methallibure (6 mg/day in a 0.2% solution of Tween 20) was given by gavage during one month. Some of them were treated with PMSG (20 IU/day), HCG (20 IU/day) or with oestradiol benzoate (0.05 mg/day) only or in combinations. As controls, there were 74 spayed rats with ovarian implants, seven of which received Tween 20, and 67 were untreated. No differences were found between the two control groups. Methallibure alone caused arrest of the development of the implants and uteri and a decrease in body weight. In the methallibure treated animals HCG stimulated the growth of the implant which was, however, smaller than that in the controls, while PMSG restored the weight of the implant even above that of the control rats. Oestradiol benzoate caused a further diminution in the size of the implants but augmented considerably the influence of HCG on the implants. It had no effect on the weight of the implant in rats treated with PMSG. It is concluded that FSH is the principal implant growth-promoting factor and that oestrogens appear to act in two directions. They decrease the gonadotrophin output from the pituitary thus inhibiting the growth of the implants, but in the presence of gonadotrophins they act directly on the implants, promoting their development.

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Effects of oestradiol benzoate (OeB) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on the testes and accessory sex glands of the rat

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0960273 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 273-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mridula Chowdhury ◽

Robert Tcholakian ◽

Emil Steinberger

Keyword(s):

Treated Group ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Male Rats ◽

Plasma Testosterone ◽

Control Group ◽

Intact Male ◽

Intact Control ◽

Testosterone Levels ◽

Oestradiol Benzoate ◽

Direct Inhibitory Effect

Abstract. It has been suggested that treatment of intact male rats with oestradiol benzoate (OeB) causes an interference with testosterone (T) production by the testes by a direct inhibitory effect on steroidogenesis. To test this hypothesis, different doses (5, 10 or 25 IU) of hCG were administered concomitantly with 50 μg of OeB to adult intact or hypophysectomized male rats. The testicular and plasma testosterone, and serum hCG levels were determined. The sex accessory weights were recorded. In the intact OeB-treated group of animals, hCG stimulated both the secondary sex organs and plasma testosterone levels above the intact control group. However, in hypophysectomized animals, although plasma testosterone levels increased above that of intact controls, their secondary sex organ weights did not. Moreover, inspite of high circulating hCG levels, the testicular testosterone content and concentration remained suppressed in OeB-treated animals. The reason for such dichotomy of hCG action on OeB-treated animals is not clear at present.

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The depressing (negative) effect of oestradiol benzoate on the in vitro secretion of LH and FSH by the pituitary gland of the LRH-pretreated long-term ovariectomized rat changes into the augmentative (positive) effect after discontinuation of the LRH-pretreatment

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1100329 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 110 (3) ◽

pp. 329-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. A. Schuiling ◽

H. Moes ◽

T. R. Koiter

Keyword(s):

Depressing Effect ◽

Ovx Rats ◽

Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽

Oestradiol Benzoate ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Perifusion System

Abstract. The effect of pretreatment in vivo with oestradiol benzoate on in vitro secretion of LH and FSH was studied in long-term ovariectomized (OVX) rats both at the end of a 5-day continuous in vivo pretreatment with LRH and 4-days after cessation of such LRH pretreatment. Rats were on day 0 sc implanted with osmotic minipumps which released LRH at the rate of 250 ng/h. Control rats were implanted with a piece of silicone elastomer with the dimensions of a minipump. On days 2 and 4 the rats were injected with either 3 μg EB or with oil. On day 5 part of the rats were decapitated and the in vitro autonomous (i.e. non-LRH-stimulated) and 'supra-maximally' LRHstimulated release of LH and FSH was studied using a perifusion system. From other rats the minipumps were removed on day 5 and perifusion was performed on day 9. On the 5th day of the in vivo LRH pretreatment the pituitary LH/FSH stores were partially depleted; the pituitaries of the EB-treated rats more so than those of the oil-injected rats. EB alone had no significant effect on the content of the pituitary LH- and FSH stores. On day 9, i.e. 4 days after removal of the minipumps, the pituitary LH and FSH contents had increased in both the oil- and the EB injected rats, but had not yet recovered to control values. In rats not subjected to the 5-days pretreatment with LRH EB had a positive effect on the supra-maximally LRH-stimulated secretion of LH and FSH as well as on the non-stimulated secretion of LH. EB had no effect on the non-stimulated secretion of FSH. After 5 days of in vivo pretreatment with LRH only, the in vitro non-stimulated and supra-maximally LRH-stimulated secretion of both LH and FSH were strongly impaired, the effect correlating well with the LRH-induced depletion of the pituitary LH/FSH stores. In such LRH-pretreated rats EB had on day 5 a negative effect on the (already depressed) LRH-stimulated secretion of LH (not on that of FSH). EB had no effect on the non-stimulated LH/FSH secretion. It could be demonstrated that the negative effect of the combined LRH/EB pretreatment was mainly due to the depressing effect of this treatment on the pituitary LH and FSH stores: the effect of oestradiol on the pituitary LRH-responsiveness (release as related to pituitary gonadotrophin content) remained positive. In LRH-pretreated rats, however, this positive effect of EB was smaller than in rats not pretreated with LRH. Four days after removal of the minipumps there was again a positive effect of EB on the LRH-stimulated secretion of LH and FSH as well as on the non-stimulated secretion of LH. The positive effect of EB on the pituitary LRH-responsiveness was as strong as in rats which had not been exposed to exogenous LRH. The non-stimulated secretion of FSH was again not affected by EB. The results demonstrate that the effect of EB on the oestrogen-sensitive components of gonadotrophin secretion consists of two components: an effect on the pituitary LRH-responsiveness proper, and an effect on the pituitary LH/FSH stores. The magnitude of the effect of EB on the LRH-responsiveness is LRH dependent: it is very weak (almost zero) in LRH-pretreated rats, but strong in rats not exposed to LRH as well as in rats of which the LRH-pretreatment was stopped 4 days previously. Similarly, the effect of EB on the pituitary LH and FSH stores is LRH-dependent: in the absence of LRH, EB has no influence on the contents of these stores, but EB can potentiate the depleting effect of LRH on the LH/FSH-stores. Also this effect disappear after cessation of the LRH-pretreatment.

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The induction of prolonged vaginal di-oestrus in the rat by a low level of oestradiol benzoate

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/jrf.0.0180549 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 549-550

Author(s):

D. Gilmore ◽

P. McDonald

Keyword(s):

Low Level ◽

Oestradiol Benzoate

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Production of interferon by red deer (Cervus elaphus) conceptuses and the effects of roIFN-tau on the timing of luteolysis and the success of asynchronous embryo transfer

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/reprod/118.2.387 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 387-395 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

KJ Demmers ◽

HN Jabbour ◽

DW Deakin ◽

AP Flint

Keyword(s):

Embryo Transfer ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Pregnancy Loss ◽

Red Deer ◽

Interferon Tau ◽

Recombinant Interferon ◽

Uterine Flushing ◽

Calving Rate

The role of interferon in early pregnancy in red deer was investigated by (a) measuring production of interferon by the conceptus, (b) testing the anti-luteolytic effect of recombinant interferon-tau in non-pregnant hinds, and (c) treatment of hinds with interferon after asynchronous embryo transfer. Blastocysts were collected from 34 hinds by uterine flushing 14 (n = 2), 16 (n = 2), 18 (n = 8), 20 (n = 13) or 22 (n = 9) days after synchronization of oestrus with progesterone withdrawal. Interferon anti-viral activity was detectable in uterine flushings from day 16 to day 22, and increased with duration of gestation (P < 0.01) and developmental stage (P < 0.01). When interferon-tau was administered daily between day 14 and day 20 to non-pregnant hinds to mimic natural blastocyst production, luteolysis was delayed by a dose of 0.2 mg day(-1) (27.3 +/- 1.3 days after synchronization, n = 4 versus 21 +/- 0 days in control hinds, n = 3; P < 0.05). Interferon-tau was administered to hinds after asynchronous embryo transfer to determine whether it protects the conceptus against early pregnancy loss. Embryos (n = 24) collected on day 6 from naturally mated, superovulated donors (n = 15) were transferred into synchronized recipients on day 10 or day 11. Interferon-tau treatment (0.2 mg daily from day 14 to 20) increased calving rate from 0 to 64% in all recipients (0/11 versus 7/11, P < 0.005), and from 0 to 67% in day 10 recipients (0/8 versus 6/9, P < 0.01). The increased success rate of asynchronous embryo transfer after interferon-tau treatment in cervids may be of benefit where mismatched embryo-maternal signalling leads to failure in the establishment of pregnancy.

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Drug Induced Encephalopathy in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case Series

BIRDEM Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/birdem.v8i2.36650 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 172-176

Author(s):

Wasim Md Mohosin Ul Haque ◽

Tabassum Samad ◽

Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽

Shudhanshu Kumar Saha ◽

Sarwar Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Renal Impairment ◽

Side Effect ◽

Case Series ◽

Special Group ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Reduced Dose

Drug induced encephalopathy is an established side effect of many drugs when used in a higher dose. Though we do not encounter this side effect frequently in our day to day practice, yet with renal impairment this is not uncommon. Even with a reduced dose many of these can precipitate encephalopathy in this special group of patients. We are presenting here a series of seven such cases of drug induced encephalopathy in patients with renal impairment.Birdem Med J 2018; 8(2): 172-176

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OESTROGEN-PROGESTERONE RELATIONSHIPS IN THE INDUCTION OF OESTRUS IN SPAYED HEIFERS

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0450099 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 99-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

M. J. CARRICK ◽

J. N. SHELTON

Keyword(s):

Behavioural Response ◽

Normal Response ◽

Oestradiol Benzoate ◽

Small Doses ◽

Refractory State ◽

Increased Sensitivity ◽

Repeated Doses ◽

Effective Doses ◽

Response Line ◽

Normal Sensitivity

SUMMARY Experiments were conducted to examine the behavioural response of spayed heifers to oestrogen, and its modification by progesterone. In two groups of heifers, the median effective doses (MED) of oestradiol benzoate (ODB) were 121 and 132 μg. Repeated doses of ODB at physiological levels did not induce a state of refractoriness; in this respect the heifer is dissimilar to the ewe. However, repeated doses of 10 mg. ODB induced refractoriness to 400 μg. ODB. When such refractory heifers were treated with 10 mg. progesterone/day for 5 days, they showed a normal response to 400 μg. ODB given 3 days later. This return to normal sensitivity was not sustained, and pretreatment with progesterone was necessary for a normal response to subsequent small doses of ODB. The transient removal of the refractory state appears not to be due to a simple synergistic effect of residual progesterone, but to an effect of preconditioning a neural centre to respond to oestrogen. Increasing the duration of pretreatment with progesterone beyond 5 days did not result in a greater sensitivity to ODB. Pretreatment with progesterone in heifers not made refractory to ODB did not result in an increased sensitivity to ODB. Moreover, up to 7 days after termination of the progesterone treatment, the response to ODB was reduced and the slope of the dose-response line was less steep than when ODB was injected alone. The reduction of the response was more pronounced with 40 mg. progesterone/day than with 10 mg. The possible significance of these results in intact animals is discussed.

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A Reduced Dose Whole Virion Aluminum Adjuvanted Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Is Immunogenic, Safe, and Well Tolerated in Pediatric Patients

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13030500 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 500

Author(s):

Zoltan Vajo ◽

Gergely Balaton ◽

Peter Vajo ◽

Peter Torzsa

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Patients ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Age Groups ◽

Aluminum Phosphate ◽

Vaccine Virus ◽

Serious Adverse Events ◽

Reduced Dose ◽

Viral Hemagglutinin ◽

Virus Strains ◽

Two Age Groups

Background: Data suggest that pediatric patients might react differently to influenza vaccination, both in terms of immunity and side effects. We have recently shown that using a whole virion vaccine with aluminum phosphate adjuvants, reduced dose vaccines containing 6 µg of viral hemagglutinin (HA) per strain are immunogenic, and well tolerated in adult and elderly patients. Here we show the results of a multicenter clinical trial of pediatric patients, using reduced doses of a new, whole virion, aluminum phosphate adjuvanted vaccine (FluArt, Budapest, Hungary). Methods: A total of 120 healthy volunteers were included in two age groups (3–11 years, receiving 3 µg of HA per strain, and 12–18 years, receiving 6 µg of HA per strain). We used hemagglutination inhibition testing to assess immunogenicity, based on EMA and FDA licensing criteria, including post/pre-vaccination geometric mean titer ratios, seroconversion and seropositivity rates. Safety and tolerability were assessed using CHMP guidelines. Results: All subjects entered the study and were vaccinated (ITT population). All 120 subjects attended the control visit on Day 21 (PP population). All immunogenicity licensing criteria were met in both age groups for all three vaccine virus strains. No serious adverse events were detected and the vaccine was well tolerated by both age groups. Discussion: Using a whole virion vaccine and aluminum phosphate adjuvants, a reduction in the amount of the viral hemmaglutinin is possible while maintaining immunogenicity, safety and tolerability in pediatric and adolescent patients.

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