The SEPALLATA MADS-box protein SLMBP21 forms protein complexes with JOINTLESS and MACROCALYX as a transcription activator for development of the tomato flower abscission zone

2013 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danmei Liu ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Zhengrui Qin ◽  
Dongdong Zhang ◽  
Lingjie Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Flower Abscission

scholarly journals Cks1 Activates Transcription by Binding to the Ubiquitylated Proteasome

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (15) ◽  
pp. 3894-3901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Holic ◽  
Alexander Kukalev ◽  
Sophie Lane ◽  
Edward J. Andress ◽  
Ivy Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Large Protein ◽  
Ubiquitin Binding ◽  
Ubiquitin Binding Domain ◽  
Proteasome Subunits

ABSTRACT Cyclin-dependent kinase-associated protein 1 (Cks1) is involved in the control of the transcription of a subset of genes in addition to its role in controlling the cell cycle in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By directly ligating Cks1 onto a GAL1 promoter-driven reporter, we demonstrated that Cks1 acts as a transcription activator. Using this method, we dissected the downstream events from Cks1 recruitment at the promoter. We showed that subsequent to promoter binding, Cdc28 binding is required to modulate the level of gene expression. The ubiquitin-binding domain of Cks1 is essential for implementing downstream transcription events, which appears to recruit the proteasome via ubiquitylated proteasome subunits. We propose that the selective ability of Cks1 to bind ubiquitin allows this small molecule the flexibility to bind large protein complexes with specificity and that this may represent a novel mechanism of regulating transcriptional activation.

Characters and origin of vessels with heterogenous structure in leaf and flower abscission zones

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP André ◽  
A M Catesson ◽  
M Liberman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Flower Abscission

The lifetime of many plant organs does not exceed a few weeks or a few months. These organs separate from the plant at the level of specialized abscission zones. The observation of xylem vasculature in abscission zones, a largely neglected subject, revealed original features when a vessel casting method was used. In all species of dicotyledons examined so far, flower and leaf abscission zones possessed heterogenous metaxylem vessels adjoining protoxylem and secondary xylem vessels with homogenous patterns of lignified thickenings. Heterogenous metaxylem vessel thickenings were helical, reticulate, or scalariform elements when in the abscission zone and pitted elements on the proximal and the distal sides. The origin and possible role of these vessels are considered. Data obtained on the flower abscission zone of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) suggest that formation of heterogenous vessels results from localized changes in the rhythm of cell differentiation and cell maturation inside the procambium-cambium continuum.Key words: abscission zone, cambium, differentiation, heterogenous vessels, procambium, vessel cast.

scholarly journals EPIP-Evoked Modifications of Redox, Lipid, and Pectin Homeostasis in the Abscission Zone of Lupine Flowers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3001
Author(s):  
Emilia Wilmowicz ◽  
Agata Kućko ◽  
Wojciech Pokora ◽  
Małgorzata Kapusta ◽  
Katarzyna Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Flower Abortion ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Acyl Lipids ◽  
Flower Abscission

Yellow lupine is a great model for abscission-related research given that excessive flower abortion reduces its yield. It has been previously shown that the EPIP peptide, a fragment of LlIDL (INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION) amino-acid sequence, is a sufficient molecule to induce flower abortion, however, the question remains: What are the exact changes evoked by this peptide locally in abscission zone (AZ) cells? Therefore, we used EPIP peptide to monitor specific modifications accompanied by early steps of flower abscission directly in the AZ. EPIP stimulates the downstream elements of the pathway—HAESA and MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE6 and induces cellular symptoms indicating AZ activation. The EPIP treatment disrupts redox homeostasis, involving the accumulation of H2O2 and upregulation of the enzymatic antioxidant system including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. A weakening of the cell wall structure in response to EPIP is reflected by pectin demethylation, while a changing pattern of fatty acids and acyl lipids composition suggests a modification of lipid metabolism. Notably, the formation of a signaling molecule—phosphatidic acid is induced locally in EPIP-treated AZ. Collectively, all these changes indicate the switching of several metabolic and signaling pathways directly in the AZ in response to EPIP, which inevitably leads to flower abscission.

scholarly journals Apple SVP Family MADS-Box Proteins and the Tomato Pedicel Abscission Zone Regulator JOINTLESS have Similar Molecular Activities

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1097-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshitsugu Nakano ◽  
Hiroki Kato ◽  
Yoko Shima ◽  
Yasuhiro Ito
Keyword(s):  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Mads Box

The influence of abscisic acid on the ethylene biosynthesis pathway in the functioning of the flower abscission zone in Lupinus luteus

2016 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Wilmowicz ◽  
Kamil Frankowski ◽  
Agata Kućko ◽  
Michał Świdziński ◽  
Juan de Dios Alché ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Flower Abscission

High floral bud abscission and lack of open flower abscission in Dendrobium cv. Miss Teen: rapid reduction of ethylene sensitivity in the abscission zone

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanokpon Bunya-atichart ◽  
Saichol Ketsa ◽  
Wouter G. van Doorn
Keyword(s):  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Ethylene Sensitivity ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Ethylene Insensitivity ◽  
Floral Bud ◽  
Flower Abscission

We studied the abscission of floral buds and open flowers in cut Dendrobium inflorescences. Abscission of floral buds was high and sensitive to ethylene in all cultivars studied. Many open flowers abscised in most cultivars, but cv. Willie exhibited only small amount of floral fall and cv. Miss Teen none. Applied ethylene (0.4 μL L–1 for 24 h at 27°C) greatly hastened abscission of open flowers in most cultivars, but had only a small effect in cv. Willie and no effect in cv. Miss Teen. Flower fall, if it occurred, was completely inhibited by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), showing that it was regulated by endogenous ethylene. Ethylene production from the abscission zones was low in all cultivars studied. In cv. Miss Teen the abscission zone changed from highly ethylene sensitive to completely insensitive in ~30 h, coinciding with floral opening. Removal of the floral buds somewhat reduced abscission in open flowers, but the lack of open flower abscission in cv. Miss Teen could not be explained by higher bud fall. The ovary did not grow in the (unpollinated) flowers, showing that lack of abscission in cvv. Willie and Miss Teen was not due to parthenocarpy. Flower removal in cv. Miss Teen had no effect on ethylene sensitivity of the abscission of the remaining pedicel. However, removal of the distal 2 cm of the 3-cm-long pedicels dramatically increased ethylene sensitivity. This suggests that the pedicel is important for the low ethylene insensitivity of abscission, in this cultivar. It is concluded that the abscission zones in the cvv. Willie and Miss Teen, in contrast with the other cultivars investigated, became rapidly insensitive to ethylene at the time of flower opening. At least part of the ethylene sensitivity in Miss Teen seems to be due to a factor in the pedicel.

Gibberellic acid affects the functioning of the flower abscission zone in Lupinus luteus via cooperation with the ethylene precursor independently of abscisic acid

2018 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Marciniak ◽  
Agata Kućko ◽  
Emilia Wilmowicz ◽  
Michał Świdziński ◽  
Krzysztof Przedniczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Ethylene Precursor ◽  
Flower Abscission

scholarly journals A Novel Cytology-Based, Two-Hybrid Screen for Bacteria Applied to Protein-Protein Interaction Studies of a Type IV Secretion System

2002 ◽  
Vol 184 (20) ◽  
pp. 5572-5582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Ding ◽  
Zhenming Zhao ◽  
Simon J. Jakubowski ◽  
Atmakuri Krishnamohan ◽  
William Margolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Substrate Complex ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Green Fluorescent

ABSTRACT DivIVA of Bacillus subtilis and FtsZ of Escherichia coli were used to target heterologous protein complexes to cell division sites of E. coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. DivIVA and FtsZ that were fused to the dimerizing leucine zipper (LZ) domain of the yeast transcription activator GCN4 directed the green fluorescent protein (GFP) that was fused to an LZ domain to E. coli division sites, resulting in fluorescence patterns identical to those observed with DivIVA::GFP and FtsZ::GFP. These cell division proteins also targeted the VirE1 chaperone and VirE2 secretion substrate complex to division sites of E. coli and A. tumefaciens. Coproduction of the native VirE1 or VirE2 proteins inhibited the dihybrid interaction in both species, as judged by loss of GFP targeting to division sites. The VirE1 chaperone bound independently to N- and C-terminal regions of VirE2, with a requirement for residues 84 to 147 and 331 to 405 for these interactions, as shown by dihybrid studies with VirE1::GFP and DivIVA fused to N- and C-terminal VirE2 fragments. DivIVA also targeted homo- and heterotypic complexes of VirB8 and VirB10, two bitopic inner membrane subunits of the A. tumefaciens T-DNA transfer system, in E. coli and homotypic complexes of VirB10 in A. tumefaciens. VirB10 self-association in bacteria was mediated by the C-terminal periplasmic domain, as shown by dihybrid studies with fusions to VirB10 truncation derivatives. Together, our findings establish a proof-of-concept for the use of cell-location-specific proteins for studies of interactions among cytosolic and membrane proteins in diverse bacterial species.

Endogenous auxin regulates the sensitivity of Dendrobium (cv. Miss Teen) flower pedicel abscission to ethylene

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karnchana Rungruchkanont ◽  
Saichol Ketsa ◽  
Orawan Chatchawankanphanich ◽  
Wouter G. van Doorn
Keyword(s):  
Abscission Zone ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Stalk ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Ethylene Sensitivity ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Ethylene Removal ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Floral Bud ◽  
Flower Abscission

Dendrobium flower buds and flowers have an abscission zone at the base of the pedicel (flower stalk). Ethylene treatment of cv. Miss Teen inflorescences induced high rates of abscission in flower buds but did not affect abscission once the flowers had opened. It is not known if auxin is a regulator of the abscission of floral buds and open flowers. The hypotheses that auxin is such a regulator and is responsible for the decrease in ethylene sensitivity were tested. Severed inflorescences bearing 4–8 floral buds and 4–6 open flowers were used in all tests. The auxin antagonists 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA, an inhibitor of auxin transport) or 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methyl propionic acid (CMPA, an inhibitor of auxin action) were applied to the stigma of open flowers. Both chemicals induced high flower abscission rates, even if the inflorescences were not treated with ethylene. The effects of these auxin antagonists virtually disappeared when the inflorescences were treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), indicating that the abscission induced by the auxin antagonists was due to ethylene. Removal of the open flowers at the distal end of the pedicel hastened the time to abscission of the remaining pedicel, and also resulted in an increase in ethylene sensitivity. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in lanolin, placed on the cut surface of the pedicel, replaced the effect of the removed flower. Treatments that promoted abscission of open flowers up-regulated a gene encoding a β-1,4-glucanase (Den-Cel1) in the abscission zone (AZ). The abundance of Den-Cel1 mRNA was highly correlated with β-1,4-glucanase activity in the AZ. The results show that auxin is an endogenous regulator of floral bud and flower abscission and suggest that auxin might explain, at least partially, why pedicel abscission of Dendrobium cv. Miss Teen changes from very ethylene-sensitive to ethylene-insensitive.

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