scholarly journals Analysis of criteria for entry of the austrian warm-blood horse into the stud book

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Dana Karásková ◽  
Iva Jiskrová
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Body Conformation ◽  
Middle Piece ◽  
Basic Body ◽  
Minimal Height ◽  
Warm Blood ◽  
Selected Effects ◽  
Head Neck ◽  
Group 1

The focus of the investigation was on an analysis of criteria for the entry of mares of the Austrian warm-blood horse into the stud book and analysis of the pedigree of the mares. The objective of the thesis was to compare the selected properties of the mares based on their pedigree and to evaluate the effect of the Trakehner horse on the frame, type and conformation of the Austrian warm-blood, to ana­ly­se the influence of selected effects on the physique and mechanics of movement on entry into the stud book of the Austrian warm-blood, and to compare selected properties of the mares with the pedigree standard of the Austrian warm-blood. The database was compiled from results of evaluations of the conformation and mechanics of movement on entry into stud books in the period of 1990–2006. The evaluated characteristics were the basic body measurements – height of withers, heart girth, bone, and evaluation of the body conformation on a ten-point scale – head, neck, forehand, middle-piece, quarters, forelegs, hind legs, correctness of pace, walk, mechanics of movement and total mark for conformation. The comparative base consisted of 4407 mares. On the basis of results of subsequent tests we can indicate the pedigree group 1 (pure-bred Trakehner mares) as a group which obtained the highest marks for body conformation (head – 7.82, neck – 7.38, middle-piece – 7.46, correctness of pace – 7.27 total mark for conformation – 7.37). We compared the group of mares of the Austrian warm-blood pedigree standard and we discovered that out of the 4407 mares entered into the stud book of the Austrian warm-blood horses in the period of 1990–2006 the height at withers of 65 mares (1.5 % of the monitored population) was less than 158 cm, which in the Stud Book Rules is the minimal height for entry.

Men’s Hunger, Food Consumption, and Preferences for Female Body Types

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Guéguen
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Female Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Slender Body ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Nelson and Morrison (2005 , study 3) reported that men who feel hungry preferred heavier women. The present study replicates these results by using real photographs of women and examines the mediation effect of hunger scores. Men were solicited while entering or leaving a restaurant and asked to report their hunger on a 10-point scale. Afterwards, they were presented with three photographs of a woman in a bikini: One with a slim body type, one with a slender body type, and one with a slightly chubby body. The participants were asked to indicate their preference. Results showed that the participants entering the restaurant preferred the chubby body type more while satiated men preferred the thinner or slender body types. It was also found that the relation between experimental conditions and the choices of the body type was mediated by men’s hunger scores.

Polymorphism of p-450 cytochrome detoxication genes in adolescents depending on the degree of contamination of the organism by heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
N. P. Setko ◽  
A. G. Setko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Bulycheva ◽  
A. V. Tyurin ◽  
E. Yu. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cyp2b6 Gene ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Gene Cyp1a1 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. Changes in the body of children and adolescents aimed at adapting to environmental factors are determined by genetic polymorphism in xenobiotic biotransformation genes, determining the degree of susceptibility of the child’s body to pollutants, which is the basis of modern personalized preventive medicine when managing risks to the health of the child population under the influence of environmental factors. Material and methods. Trace elements, including heavy metals, lead and cadmium, were determined in the hair of 256 practically healthy teenagers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Depending on the level of content of the latter, two groups of adolescents were formed to determine six genes of the cytochrome P-450 family. Group 1 consisted of adolescents whose cadmium lead content exceeded the average Russian indices. The second group included adolescents whose heavy metals were above the level of average Russian standards. Results. Studies have shown that in adolescents of the 1st group, compared with the data of adolescents of the 2nd group, an increase in the number of carriers of two mutant alleles at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) is 3.08 times, rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1) is 1. 8 times; locus rs 2069522 (CYP1A2 gene) 3.63 times; locus rs 1799853 (CYP2C9 * 2 gene) 4.5 times; locus rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) 3.8 times and locus rs 2279343 (gene CYP2B6) 4.25 times. Moreover, carriers of two normal alleles in adolescents of the first group at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) were 5.14 times; locus rs 2279343 (CYP2B6 gene) was 6.5 fold less than among adolescents of the 2nd group; and at the locus rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1), rs 2069522 (gene CYP1A2), rs 1799853 (gene CYP2C9 * 2), rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) there were no carriers of normal homozygotes. Conclusion. Group 1 adolescents with heavy metal contamination of the body are carriers significantly in a greater number of pathological mutations in the genes of the cytochrome P-450 detoxification system in comparison with data from group 2 adolescents.

scholarly journals Association of body mass index and maternal age with first stage duration of labour

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Lundborg ◽  
Xingrong Liu ◽  
Katarina Åberg ◽  
Anna Sandström ◽  
Ellen L. Tilden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Individualized Approach ◽  
Quantile Regression Analysis ◽  
Labour Time ◽  
Group 1

AbstractTo evaluate associations between early-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and active first stage labour duration, accounting for possible interaction with maternal age, we conducted a cohort study of women with spontaneous onset of labour allocated to Robson group 1. Quantile regression analysis was performed to estimate first stage labour duration between BMI categories in two maternal age subgroups (more and less than 30 years). Results show that obesity (BMI > 30) among younger women (< 30 years) increased the median labour duration of first stage by 30 min compared with normal weight women (BMI < 25), and time difference estimated at the 90th quantile was more than 1 h. Active first stage labour time differences between obese and normal weight women was modified by maternal age. In conclusion: (a) obesity is associated with longer duration of first stage of labour, and (b) maternal age is an effect modifier for this association. This novel finding of an effect modification between BMI and maternal age contributes to the body of evidence that supports a more individualized approach when describing labour duration.

TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN EXERCISE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-702
Author(s):  
Sid Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Warm Blood ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
Large Increments

The central body temperature of a man rises gradually during the first half hour of a period of work to a higher level and this level is precisely maintained until the work is stopped; body temperature then slowly declines to the usual resting level. During prolonged work the temperature regulatory center in the hypothalamus appears to be reset at a level which is proportional to the intensity of the work and this setting is independent of environmental temperature changes ranging from cold to moderately warm. In hot environments the resistance to heat loss may be so great that all of the increased metabolic heat of work cannot be dissipated and the man's central temperature will rise above the thermostatic setting. If this condition of imbalance is continued long enough heat stroke will ensue. We have found that in a 3 mile race lasting only 14 minutes on a hot summer day a runner's rectal temperature may rise to 41.1°C., with heat stroke imminent. The physiological regulation of body temperature of men in warm environments and during the increased metabolic heat production of work is dependent on sweating to provide evaporative cooling of the skin, and on adjustments of cutaneous blood flow which determine the conductance of heat from the deeper tissues to the skin. The mechanisms of regulating these responses during work are complex and not entirely understood. Recent experiments carried out in this laboratory indicate that during work, sweating may be regulated by reflexes originating from thermal receptors in the veins draining warm blood from the muscles, summated with reflexes from the cutaneous thermal receptors, both acting through the hypothalamic center, the activity of which is increased in proportion to its own temperature. At the beginning of work the demand for blood flow to the muscles results in reflex vasoconstriction in the skin. As the body temperature rises the thermal demand predominates and the cutaneous vessels dilate, increasing heat conductance to the skin. Large increments in cardiac output and compensatory vasoconstriction in the abdominal viscera make these vascular adjustments in work possible without circulatory embarrassment.

scholarly journals Miniplate 1.5 fixation for the repair of mandibular osteotomies in cats

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelina Maria da Silva ◽  
Wilson Machado de Souza ◽  
Patrícia de Athayde Barnabé ◽  
Marion Burkhardt de Koivisto ◽  
Nair Trevizan Machado de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Radiolucent Line ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bone Union ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Osteotomy Line ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: To evaluate the application of the maxillofacial miniplate 1.5 in the repair of unilateral mandibular osteotomies in cats. Methods: Twelve adult cats were divided into two groups. In group 1 (n=6), the osteotomy was performed in the body of the mandible, behind the 1st molar. In group 2 (n=6), the osteotomy was performed between the 4th premolar and 1st molar. The osteotomy was fixed with a titanium miniplate 1.5. Oral alimentation was reinitiated 24 hours after surgery. Cats were euthanized at 12 weeks postoperative. Results: Radiographs taken 1 week after surgery showed a radiolucent line. The osteotomy line was not more visible on the radiographs taken at 12 weeks postoperative. Macroscopic examination confirmed alignment and bone union of operated hemimandibles. Histological examination showed formation of woven bone within the osteotomy line. The percentage of bone tissue at these areas was measured by the histometry. There was no statistically significant difference between the values of group 1(75.07 ± 5.99) and group 2 (74.76 ± 8.54) (Mann-Whitney's test p= 0.469). Conclusion: We concluded that the use of miniplate 1.5 for the fixation of mandibular osteotomy in cats provided the main goals in the treatment of mandibular fractures: bone union, normal dental occlusion and immediate return to oral alimentation.

scholarly journals INJECTABLE COPPER AND ZINC FOR GRAZING YEARLING STEERS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1041
Author(s):  
F. A-R. SANKOH ◽  
R. J. BOILA
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Group 1

Injectable Cu and Zn were evaluated as mineral supplements using 37 purebred Herefords (Group 1) and 23 Angus-Charolais-North Devon crosses (Group 2). The 60 steers were carried through a 113-d grazing phase. This was followed by a 79-d finishing phase for all steers of Group 1 and seven steers of Group 2. Treatments were combinations of the non-dosing (0Cu, 0Zn) and dosing (+Cu, +Zn) of steers with injectable Cu or Zn at the start of the grazing phase: (1) 0Cu, 0Zn; (2) +Cu, 0Zn; (3) 0Cu, +Zn; and (4) +Cu, +Zn. Injectables were the sole source of supplementary Cu and Zn during grazing and finishing phases. Means (SE) for Cu and Zn, respectively, in forages as milligrams per kilogram dry matter (DM) during the grazing phase were: grasses, 4.4 (0.17), 15.7 (0.46); alfalfa, 6.9 (0.18), 16.5 (1.49); and birdsfoot trefoil 5.0 (0.76), 15.0 (3.41). Injectable Cu did not influence (P > 0.05) body weight during the grazing phase. Body weight responses were lower (P < 0.05) for +Cu steers in the finishing phase, when dietary Cu was low, but steers could not be classified as Cu-deficient based on liver Cu. Liver Cu increased to means greater than 140 mg kg−1 DM in all steers, but was higher (P < 0.05) in +Cu steers during the grazing phase. Serum Cu varied widely during the grazing phase, but was higher (P < 0.05) for +Cu steers only on day 84 of the grazing phase. Neither liver Cu nor serum Cu was influenced (P > 0.05) by injectable Zn. Injectable Zn decreased growth rates in the latter part of the grazing phase but did not affect (P > 0.05) the body weight response during the finishing phase. The concentrations of Zn in liver and serum were not influenced (P > 0.05) by injectable Cu or Zn. Key words: Cattle, grazing, copper, zinc, injectable copper, injectable zinc

scholarly journals Effect of grazing period management on growth performances of camel in climate change condition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Champak Bhakat
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Change Condition ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

In order to decide the optimum time of grazing for camels during hot summer months, 10 growing camel calveswere divided into 2 equal groups. First group was sent for grazing during 10:00 h to 16:00 h daily and second groupallowed for grazing during thermo neutral period. The climatic variables were recorded daily (April 2012 to March2013). The average daily gain and total body weight gain in calves sent for grazing during relatively cool parts ofday (group 2) was significantly higher as compared to group 1 calves sent as per routine farm schedule. Theaverage intake of fodder and water from manger was higher in group 1 calves. The average DMI from manger forgroup 1 calves was higher as compared to group 2 calves. The comparative biometrics of camel calves in differentgrazing management practices revealed that body length, heart girth, height at wither, neck length were significantly(P&lt;0.01) higher in group 2 calves as compared to group 1 calves. After 180 days of experimentation, humpcircumference vertical and hind leg length were significantly (P&lt;0.05) increased in group 2 as compared to group1. Analysis of recorded data of climatic parameters revealed that average maximum temperature was higher duringJune 2012. The values of THI also were higher in monsoon and post monsoon months hence the practice of sendingcamel calves during relatively comfortable part of hot and hot humid months was successful in getting good growth.The relative humidity was significantly higher during morning as compared to evening period for all months. TheTHI was significantly lower during morning as compared to evening hours for all months in different climate forwhole year. Economic analysis reveals that the cost of feed per kg body weight gain was quite less in group 2 ascompared to group 1. So the practice of grazing of camel calves during cool hours of day remain profitable forfarmers by looking at the body weight gain and better body conformation in climate change condition.

scholarly journals Cervical intradural extramedullay vascular schwannoma in a thirty eight year old male

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2634
Author(s):  
Shipra Singhal ◽  
Sufian Zaheer ◽  
Rashmi Arora
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Vascular Tissues ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Cervical Swelling ◽  
Head Neck

Schwannomas are benign peripheral nerve sheet tumours that may arise almost anywhere in the body but are commonly seen in the head, neck region and in the extremities. They may be associated with variable clinical presentations depending on their location. The peripheral nerves are closely related to vascular tissues morphologically and physiologically and therefore schwannomas may be associated with vascular changes like vascular hyperplasia and vascular dilation. Here authors represent one such case where a 38-year-old patient presented with a cervical swelling which on histopathology was diagnosed as vascular schwannoma.

scholarly journals Zingerone Ameliorates Hepatotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julietpoornamathy J ◽  
Parameswari C.S.
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Group 1

In medical sciences, toxicity is an area wherein extensive studies have been carried to improve the diseases as well as to prevent. So, there is a high requirement for novel and improved alternative therapeutic strategies to manage diseases. The liver is the largest gland in the body, which executes several important mechanisms; it stores minerals and vitamins and releases them in periods of need. The main aim of this study was to give a closer insight into potent non- toxic compounds that is capable of modifying the responses. Animals were divided into five equal groups viz control (Group 1), administered with food and water ad libitum, (Group 2) administered with olive oil, (Group 3) administered with zingerone, (Group 4) administered with concanavalin A, (Group 5) administered with cyclosporine A followed by zingerone. Our results revealed significant changes in liver marker enzymes and liver histology of zingerone treated rats when compared to control rats.  A corollary, zingerone has no toxic effect on hepatocytes and was found to be safe at a dose of 10mg/kg b wt and also ameliorates hepatotoxicity.

Working a half-stone of an old man

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3/S) ◽  
pp. 356-360
Author(s):  
Javli Kudratov
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Characteristic Points ◽  
Human Figure ◽  
Head Neck

The most important parts of the human body are divided into the head, neck, shoulders, chest area of   the body, waist and upper and lower limbs.  The structure of the human body is manifested in many different personalities, in many complex and unusual combinations. Drawing a human figure is the student's perspective, proportion, plastic anatomy, to have a deeper knowledge of the forms of movement and the principle of the main characteristic points and reference lines  the pin requires more reliable, more accurate application.

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