Volatile Compounds in Oleo-gum Resin of Socotran Species of Burseraceae

Socotra Island is well known for its high rate of plant species endemism and having the highest concentration of frankincense species in the world. Thirteen species in Burseraceae occur on the island, of which 12 are endemic. A total of only four species from the island have had the chemical compositions of their resins published. Moreover, in general, most studies on chemical composition of frankincense and myrrh resins have analysed samples that were not freshly collected (including some of considerable age). Our study therefore aimed at analysing the volatile compound composition of all Socotran Burseraceae species, using fresh resin sample analysis. We found a total of 103 volatile compounds in all the species, with 53 of them fully identified, 27 of them partially determined and 23 still unidentified. These include four compounds (α‑fenchene, calarene, trans‑β‑farnesene, α‑elemene) newly reported from Boswellia and two (phytol and ledene) newly reported from Commiphora. Our results suggested the huge potential to find new chemical compounds among endemic Burseracean species.

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Fragrance Formation in the of Cocoa Roasted Process (Theobroma cacao) with Roaster Temperature Variation using a Vacuum Drying Oven

Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi ◽

10.14710/jksa.21.3.155-160 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 155-160

Author(s):

Monang Sihombing ◽

Dhanang Puspita ◽

Mayer Tinting Sirenden

Keyword(s):

Volatile Compounds ◽

Volatile Compound ◽

Control Sample ◽

Vacuum Drying ◽

Oven Method ◽

Water Distillation ◽

Roasting Process ◽

The World ◽

Roasting Temperature ◽

The Difference

Chocolate is cacao nib processed product which is favorite commodity in the world, nevertheless, many of consumer have not known about the process. Notable stage in cacao processing is roaster process. Cacao roasting process currently uses conventional methods, which have weaknesses like energy wastage and bioactive compounds damage. Vacuum drying oven is new roasting method which uses low pressure and temperature. Through this research, the difference of aroma development between roasting process on conventional and vacuum drying oven method was investigated. Roasted cacao was extracted by water distillation, then distillate was separated by diethyl ether partition. The extract was characterized with GC-MS. The Characterization result shown that temperature 70°C contained 11 volatile compounds and temperature 80°C, 90°C and 140°C contained 7 volatile compounds. The higher roasting temperature, the more diverse of volatile compound. The best result in cacao roasting was on vacuum drying oven at 90°C, which has similar aroma with 140°C as control sample.

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The chemical composition and ruminal disappearance of pistachio by-product

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s175275620002127x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 224-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Atiyeh Bohluli ◽

Abasali Naserian ◽

Reza Valizadeh

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

The World ◽

Physical And Chemical

Iran is the greatest pistachio producer in the world. A large quantity of pistachio by-product (at least 150,000 tons in DM) is produced from pistachio dehulling process in Iran, annually. The results of some experiments show this by¬product can be used as a feedstuff for ruminants (Shakeri and Fazaeli, 2005; VAhmani et. al., 2005). However, more information about physical and chemical compositions of this by-product is needed. Pistachio by-product is mainly consists of epicarp, peduncle, leaf and a little amount of mesocarp and kernel. The aim of this study was to determine chemical composition and in situ dry matter disappearance of each part of pistachio by-product (Ohadi variety) after 0, 12 and 24 h incubation in the rumen.

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A Review of Botanical Characteristics, Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Activity and Use of Scorodocarpus borneensis

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac126.83248334 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 8324-8334

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Pharmacological Activity ◽

Volatile Compound ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Unique Characteristic ◽

Google Scholar ◽

Potential Activity ◽

Botanical Characteristics

Scorodocarpus borneensis, an indigenous tree from Kalimantan, was used traditionally. This forest plant is from the genus Olacaceae with a unique characteristic of their bark that smells like onions. The scientific information about the potential activity of this plant was very limited. In this study, the chemical compounds and potential activities of S. borneensis were reviewed in this article. The information was collected from several databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, DOAJ, and Elsevier. Chemical compounds of S. borneensis were dominated by the volatile compound. That species has several activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial

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Recent Progress of Propolis for Its Biological and Chemical Compositions and Its Botanical Origin

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/697390 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 127

Author(s):

Viviane Cristina Toreti ◽

Helia Harumi Sato ◽

Glaucia Maria Pastore ◽

Yong Kun Park

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Botanical Origin

Propolis is the generic name given to the product obtained from resinous substances, which is gummy and balsamic and which is collected by bees from flowers, buds, and exudates of plants. It is a popular folk medicine possessing a broad spectrum of biological activities. These biological properties are related to its chemical composition and more specifically to the phenolic compounds that vary in their structure and concentration depending on the region of production, availability of sources to collect plant resins, genetic variability of the queen bee, the technique used for production, and the season in which propolis is produced. Many scientific articles are published every year in different international journal, and several groups of researchers have focused their attention on the chemical compounds and biological activity of propolis. This paper presents a review on the publications on propolis and patents of applications and biological constituents of propolis.

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How to Analyse Chemical Compounds? A Guide to Compositional Data Analysis Demonstrated with Beer Data

10.26434/chemrxiv.8275358 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Matthias Templ ◽

Barbara Templ

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Compositional Data ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Statistical Analyses ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Compositional Data Analysis ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Food Chemistry ◽

Data Analysis Methods

<p>In recent years, a lot of analysis was carried out to investigate data on chemical compositions of (non-)alcoholic beverages (whiskey, wine, beer, etc.) and food. However, no study has ever considered the compositional pitfalls inherent in such studies, which may lead to arbitrary results. Two approaches were compared, compositional data analysis (CoDa) and classical statistical analyses. The outcome of compositional data analysis methods provided very well-interpretable results. The method we are proposing is novel in the field of food chemistry, with demonstrated ability to analyse the chemical composition of drinks and food.</p>

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EVALUATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM THREE SPECIES OF ASTERECEAE AGAINST SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING VIGOR OF LETTUCE

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY ◽

10.24297/jac.v11i6.855 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 3669-3677

Author(s):

Cíntia Alvarenga Santos Fraga de Miranda ◽

Maria das Graças Cardoso ◽

Maria Laene Moreira de Carvalho ◽

Marcos De Sousa Gomes ◽

Juliana De Andrade Santiago ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Direct Contact ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Seedling Vigor ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Asteraceae Family

The allelopathic properties of the essential oils have been exploited because they are biodegradable natural compounds that can be used in combination or as prototypes for new bioherbicides. The objectives of this study were to chemically characterize the essential oils from B. dracunculifolia, C. bonariesis and T. diversifolia and to evaluate their allelopathic potential. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and their chemical compositions were determined by GC-MS. Allelopathic activities were determined by methods that evaluate the effects of volatile compounds and direct contact of those compounds on the seed germination and seedling vigor of lettuce. The principal constituents of the essential oil from B. dracunculifolia were limonene, trans-nerolidol and β-pinene; those in the oil from C. bonariesis were limonene, trans-β-ocimene and cis-verbenol (4.4%); and those in the oil from T. diversifolia were β-pinene, α-pinene and limonene. Minor differences in the germination and vigor of lettuce seedlings were observed when they were exposed to the volatile essential oils from the leaves of the three species of the Asteraceae family. However, upon direct contact with these oils, those of C. bonariesis presented the greatest allelopathic potential, which was attributed to its higher content of oxygenated monoterpenes.

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Solid Inclusions in Au-nuggets, genesis and derivation from alkaline rocks of the Guli Massif, Northern Siberia

Open Geosciences ◽

10.1515/geo-2016-0016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sami N. Dvorani

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Alkaline Rock ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Core Complex ◽

Northern Siberia ◽

The World ◽

Guli Massif ◽

Placer Deposits ◽

Rock Suite ◽

Mineral Constituents

AbstractA total of 112 Au-nuggets, collected from alluvial placer deposits of the Ingarinda River from the Guli massif, located in northem Siberia, Russia, were investigated. The Guli massif consists of a huge dunite-clinopyroxenite complex (the largest complex in the world), an alkaline to highly alkaline rock suite (melilite, nephelinite, ijolite) enveloping the dunite and carbonatite intrusions, associated with disseminated schlieren type chromitite and Au-Ag, Pt placer deposits. The nuggets are characterized by various sizes and shapes and show chemical compositions Au, Au-Ag and AuCu, typical for a derivate of carbon-atites and/or ultramafic complexes. A great variety of oxide, silicate, REE-minerals, carbonate and sulphide inclusions have been detected in the nuggets, which are identical in mineralogy and chemical composition to mineral constituents of the alkaline to highly alkaline rock suite surrounding the Guli dunite core complex thus, considered as the source for Au-nuggets.

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How to Analyse Chemical Compounds? A Guide to Compositional Data Analysis Demonstrated with Beer Data

10.26434/chemrxiv.8275358.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Matthias Templ ◽

Barbara Templ

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Compositional Data ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Statistical Analyses ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Compositional Data Analysis ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Food Chemistry ◽

Data Analysis Methods

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Chemical Composition of Volatile Compounds in Apis mellifera Propolis from the Northeast Region of Pará State, Brazil

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113462 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3462

Author(s):

Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira ◽

Jorddy Neves Cruz ◽

Oberdan Oliveira Ferreira ◽

Daniel Santiago Pereira ◽

Natanael Santiago Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Apis Mellifera ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Complex Mixture ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Volatile Fraction ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Flame Ionization Detection ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Africanized Bees

Propolis is a balsamic product obtained from vegetable resins by exotic Africanized bees Apis mellifera L., transported and processed by them, originating from the activity that explores and maintains these individuals. Because of its vegetable and natural origins, propolis is a complex mixture of different compound classes; among them are the volatile compounds present in the aroma. In this sense, in the present study we evaluated the volatile fraction of propolis present in the aroma obtained by distillation and simultaneous extraction, and its chemical composition was determined using coupled gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and flame ionization detection. The majority of compounds were sesquiterpene and hydrocarbons, comprising 8.2–22.19% α-copaene and 6.2–21.7% β-caryophyllene, with additional compounds identified in greater concentrations. Multivariate analysis showed that samples collected from one region may have different chemical compositions, which may be related to the location of the resin’s production. This may be related to other bee products.

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Rapamycin: Drug Repurposing in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14030217 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 217

Author(s):

Jiri Patocka ◽

Kamil Kuca ◽

Patrik Oleksak ◽

Eugenie Nepovimova ◽

Martin Valis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Human Health ◽

World Economy ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Drug Repurposing ◽

Final Analysis ◽

High Rate ◽

Suitable Candidate ◽

Promising Strategy ◽

The World

Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been a worldwide pandemic with enormous consequences for human health and the world economy. Remdesivir is the only drug in the world that has been approved for the treating of COVID-19. This drug, as well as vaccination, still has uncertain effectiveness. Drug repurposing could be a promising strategy how to find an appropriate molecule: rapamycin could be one of them. The authors performed a systematic literature review of available studies on the research describing rapamycin in association with COVID-19 infection. Only peer-reviewed English-written articles from the world’s acknowledged databases Web of Science, PubMed, Springer and Scopus were involved. Five articles were eventually included in the final analysis. The findings indicate that rapamycin seems to be a suitable candidate for drug repurposing. In addition, it may represent a better candidate for COVID-19 therapy than commonly tested antivirals. It is also likely that its efficiency will not be reduced by the high rate of viral RNA mutation.

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