scholarly journals The biological activity of soil in Norway spruce forests and in fern Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz stands on deforested polluted sites in the Beskydy Mts.

Beskydy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Tůma ◽  
D. Tůmová ◽  
J. Záhora
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Acid Forest Soil ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Soil Activity ◽  
Herbage Layer

The study is focussed on the biological activity of acid forest soil with aim to characterize some of its parameters. Activity of acidic soil phosphatase, basal and potentional respiration were compared and viable plate counts of microorganism colonies were evaluated. The soils of the Kněhyně region in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids Mts. are intensively influenced by acid deposition. They were sampled from area where often occurrence of fernAthyrium distentifoliumTausch ex Opiz was recorded. Above mentioned characteristics (values of parameters) were determined in soil samples collected in fern stands (close to the periphery of fern individuals with rich root system), from site between individual ferns and from the rest of neighbouring spruce community without distinct herbage layer. In majority of studied cases, increased values of all monitored parameters were found in space ofA. distentifoliumroots accumulated close by fern base. Bare soil between individual fern plants often shows on a lower biological soil activity, however these differences were mostly not statistically significant. On the contrary, values of studied soil parameters recorded in the rest of neighbouring forest community without distinct herbage layer, reached mostly the lowest values and they often differ significantly from values assessed in soil taken near theA. distentifoliumroots.

scholarly journals Assessment and monitoring of land degradation using geospatial technology in Bathinda district, Punjab, India

Solid Earth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseer Ahmad ◽  
Puneeta Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Land Degradation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Geospatial Technology

Abstract. Land degradation leads to alteration of ecological and economic functions due to a decrease in productivity and quality of the land. The aim of the present study was to assess land degradation with the help of geospatial technology – remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) – in Bathinda district, Punjab. The severity of land degradation was estimated quantitatively by analyzing the physico-chemical parameters in the laboratory to determine saline or salt-free soils and calcareous or sodic soils and further correlating them with satellite-based studies. The pH varied between 7.37 and 8.59, electrical conductivity (EC) between 1.97 and 8.78 dS m−1 and the methyl orange or total alkalinity between 0.070 and 0.223 (HCO3−) g L−1 as CaCO3. The spatial variability in these soil parameters was depicted through soil maps generated in a GIS environment. The results revealed that the soil in the study area was exposed to salt intrusion, which could be mainly attributed to irrigation practices in the state of Punjab. Most of the soil samples of the study area were slightly or moderately saline with a few salt-free sites. Furthermore, the majority of the soil samples were calcareous and a few samples were alkaline or sodic in nature. A comparative analysis of temporal satellite datasets of Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI_TIRS of 2000 and 2014, respectively, revealed that the water body showed a slight decreasing trend from 2.46 km2 in 2000 to 1.87 km2 in 2014, while the human settlements and other built-up areas expanded from 586.25 to 891.09 km2 in a span of 14 years. The results also showed a decrease in area under barren land from 68.9847 km2 in 2000 to 15.26 km2 in 2014. A significant correlation was observed between the digital number (DN) of the near-infrared band and pH and EC. Therefore, it is suggested that the present study can be applied to projects with special relevance to soil scientists, environmental scientists and planning agencies that can use the present study as baseline data to combat land degradation and conserve land resources in an efficient manner.

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage System and Organic Matter Management Interactions on Soil Chemical Properties and Biological Activity in a Spring Wheat Short-Time Cultivation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7451
Author(s):  
Barbara Breza-Boruta ◽  
Karol Kotwica ◽  
Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Short Time

Properly selected tillage methods and management of the available organic matter resources are considered important measures to enable farming in accordance with the principles of sustainable agriculture. Depending on the depth and intensity of cultivation, tillage practices affect soil chemical composition, structure and biological activity. The three-year experiment was performed on the soil under spring wheat (cv. Tybalt) short-time cultivation. The influence of different tillage systems and stubble management on the soil’s chemical and biological parameters was analyzed. Organic carbon content (OC); content of biologically available phosphorus (Pa), potassium (Ka), and magnesium (Mg); content of total nitrogen (TN), mineral nitrogen forms: N-NO3 and N-NH4 were determined in various soil samples. Moreover, the total number of microorganisms (TNM), bacteria (B), actinobacteria (A), fungi (F); soil respiratory activity (SR); and pH in 1 M KCl (pH) were also investigated. The results show that organic matter amendment is of greater influence on soil characteristics than the tillage system applied. Manure application, as well as leaving the straw in the field, resulted in higher amounts of organic carbon and biologically available potassium. A significant increase in the number of soil microorganisms was also observed in soil samples from the experimental plots including this procedure.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Pengujian Konsolidasi Menggunakan Alat Rowe Cell dan Oedometer pada Tanah Lanau Lunak

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Iskandar ◽  
Rabiya
Keyword(s):  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soil Consolidation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Soft Soils ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Rowe Cell

Soil consolidation testing using an oedometer and rowe cell. Oedometers are often used on clay and soft soils. However, in the development of the rowe cell device, the results of lowering soft soil were better than the oedometer. The advantage of this rowe cell is that it can determine the saturation value of the soil samples tested. The rowe cell tester can measure the pore water pressure at the beginning and end of each consolidation stage. This rowe cell can provide suitable settlement for soft soils. This consolidation test to obtain soil parameters such as Cv and Cc by using the rowe cell tool. After that, from the test results, the two tools were compared.

scholarly journals Mushrooms of Grand Teton National Park

1983 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Kent McKnight ◽  
Kimball Harper ◽  
Karl McKnight
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
National Park ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Quantitative Estimates

The primary overall objective of inventorying the macrofungi growing in and around Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks was partially achieved with the published checklist (McKnight 1982) and additions from the 1982 Research Center Annual Report (McKnight, Harper, & McKnight 1984). The intensive collecting of the 1982 fruiting season including a 12-week phenological study at 11 selected sites left many species unidentified and numerous others observed but not collected, or with inadequately annotated collections made. Litter and soil moisture data for the 11 study stands are also given in the 1982 annual report cited above, as well as data on 15 overstory and understory vegetation and soil parameters. Field studies in the Parks during the summer of 1983 concentrated on (1) identification of chlorophyllous and vascular plants at the 11 sites selected for concentrated study in 1982; (2) quantitative estimates of chlorophyllous plant cover and height; (3) estimates of site quality; (4) collections of composite soil samples; and (5) additional records of macrofungi for the Parks with supporting data in the form of photographs, drawings, and annotations.

scholarly journals Biological activity of soils cultivated with yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poep. & Endl) H. Robinson, inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense and native mycorrhizal fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
María Gabriela Di Barbaro ◽  
Horacio Enrique Andrada ◽  
Eleodoro Eduardo Del Valle ◽  
Celia Inés Brandán
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Time Of Harvest

The soil is influenced by the roots of plants because the exudate radicals affect its physical, chemical, and biological processes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the microbial activity of soils cultivated with yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poep. & Endl) H. Robinson and inoculated with microorganisms which promote plant growth. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with three repetitions per treatment. Each repetition corresponded to a 3m x 3m plot with 25 plants, in 5 cultivation lines with a distance of 70 cm apart. Four treatments were applied at the time of plantation. These consisted of yacón propagules inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense (T1) and native mycorrhizal fungi (T2) inoculated with the microbial consortium (T3). In the control treatments, the propagules were not inoculated with these microorganisms (T0). Soil samples were collected in lots cultivated with yacón located in the Province of Catamarca, in the northwest of Argentina. The samples were collected at the time of implantation and harvest during three agricultural cycles. The total Biological Activity (TBA) of the collected samples was determined by Fluorescein Diacetate Hydrolysis. The TBA of the soil was affected by the different crop treatments, which rose in the analyzed soils and was statistically different from the control treatments. Significant differences were also observed between the TBA of the soils at the beginning of the crops in comparison with the recorded values of the crop at the time of harvest. The inoculation of yacón propagules with A. brasilense and native mycorrhizal fungi affects the TBA of the cultivated soils marking a significant increase.

X-band Terrasar-X and COSMO-SkyMed SAR data for bare soil parameters estimation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azza Gorrab ◽  
Mehrez Zribi ◽  
Nicolas Baghdadi ◽  
Bernard Mougenot ◽  
Zohra Lili Chabaane
Keyword(s):  
Bare Soil ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
X Band ◽  
Sar Data

scholarly journals Assessment of the Quality of Soil and Groundwater of the Agricultural Area of Sidi Yahya Region, Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
M. Lahmar ◽  
N. El Khodrani ◽  
S. Omrania ◽  
H. Dakak ◽  
R. Moussadek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil And Water

The Gharb plain is the largest agricultural area in Morocco. It is characterized by fertile soils and the availability of water either from surface or groundwater which allowed intensive agriculture. The aim of this research work is to study the impact of this land management on the quality of water and soil. The study was done for the irrigated perimeter of Sidi Yahya belonging to the province of Sidi Slimane, Gharb (Morocco). Depth of water table and water pH were measured in situ while water and soil samples were collected and brought to the laboratory for their physico-chemical analyses. Sampling of 33water wells and soil samples, from six different zones, was done between May and October 2018. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to check if mean water and soil parameters differed between zones. The results showed that the minimal and maximal water table depth were 6 and 96 m, respectively. Also, slightly more than half of the wells (51.5%) were inadequate for irrigation since they were either highly or extremely saline. Furthermore, soils were poor to moderately poor in organic matter but very rich in potassium and the phosphorus content was highly variable. Based on the statistical analysis, it is clear that the six zones had significantly different means for CaCO3, pH, OM, and exchangeable sodium percentage. Soil degradation like pollution and salinization may occur in this region if poor quality water is used for irrigation and if land is mismanaged. This research work can be considered as a first step towards a program for monitoring the quality of soil and water for adapting the land management with the final objective of securing high productivity and sustainable use of soil and water resources.

Fire studies in Mallee (Eucalyptus spp.) communities of western New South Wales: spatial and temporal fluxes in soil chemistry and soil biology following prescribed fire

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 398 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Noble ◽  
D. J. Tongway ◽  
M. M. Roper ◽  
W. G. Whitford
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Micro Organisms

The effects of prescribed fires on nutrient pools, soil micro-organisms, and vegetation patch dynamics were studied in three semi-arid mallee shrublands in western New South Wales. Repeated sampling of surface soil strata (0–2 and 2–4 cm) was undertaken at strategic times (immediately before and after the fire, after opening autumn rain, mid-season in the winter, and at the end of the spring) in five microsites (inner, middle and outer mallee litter zones, bare soil, and Triodia hummock). These samples were later analysed for pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and available nitrogen. The effect of fire on soil micro-organisms in these microsites was also examined by measuring nitrogenase activity and enumerating soil Acari. Carbon and nitrogen levels were consistently higher in the inner mallee microsites whereas bare soil sites provided the lowest values. Significant microsite x soil depth interactions were recorded in two shrubland sites while highly significant (P < 0.001) depth x sampling time interactions were recorded in three sites. The most sensitive soil parameter with respect to microsite was electrical conductivity, particularly in the surface 0–2 cm stratum. Highest values were again recorded from the inner mallee microsites and the lowest from bare soil sites. Nitrogenase activity was highest in soil samples associated with mallee litter and, where litter was removed by fire, activity decreased markedly except in the bare soil samples where activity was higher in the burnt samples. Soil microarthropod populations also declined notably following fire. Mites from the Prostigmata greatly outnumbered those from other suborders, a total of 12 families (15 genera) being enumerated in control sites compared with three families (three genera) only of Cryptostigmata. Nonetheless the most abundant mites were cryptostigmatids (Aphelacarus spp.) found in unburnt hummocks beneath Triodia plants. The ecological and management implications of these spatial and temporal fluxes in soil chemistry and soil biology are discussed in relation to their effects on landscape processes, particularly water and nutrient redistribution.

A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria in agricultural areas of northern Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ardpairin ◽  
P. Muangpat ◽  
S. Sonpom ◽  
A. Dumidae ◽  
C. Subkrasae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Indian Strain ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
28S Ribosomal Dna

Abstract Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) Steinernema and Heterorhabditis and their symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, have been successfully used for the control of insect pests. The objectives of this study were to survey the EPNs and symbiotic bacteria in the agricultural areas of the Phitsanulok province, Thailand, and to study the association between the soil parameters and presence of EPNs. We collected 200 soil samples from 40 soil sites in agricultural areas (field crops, horticulture crops and forest). The prevalence of EPNs was 8.0% (16/200). Fifteen of the EPN isolates were molecularly identified (based on 28S ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacer regions) as Steinernema siamkayai. Seven isolates of Xenorhabdus stockiae were identified using recombinase A sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the Steinernema and Xenorhabdus isolates were closely related to S. siamkayai (Indian strain) and X. stockiae (Thai strain), respectively. Significantly more EPNs were recovered from loam than from clay. Although the association between soil parameters (pH, temperature and moisture) and the presence of EPNs was not statistically significant, the elevation levels of the soil sites with and without EPNs were found to be different. Moreover, statistical comparisons between the agricultural areas revealed no significant differences. Therefore, we concluded that S. siamkayai is associated with X. stockiae in agricultural areas and that there is no association between the soil parameters of agricultural areas and presence of EPNs, except for soil texture and the elevation. Steinernema siamkayai may be applied as a biocontrol agent in agricultural areas.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Arsenic by Plants Growing in the Sites Strongly Contaminated by Historical Mining in the Sudetes Region of Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Dradrach ◽  
Anna Karczewska ◽  
Katarzyna Szopka ◽  
Karolina Lewińska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Historical Mining ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
Plant Shoots ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Extractable Soil

The uptake of As by various plants growing in highly enriched sites was examined in order to identify potential As accumulators and to assess the risk associated with As presence in plant shoots. Representative samples of 13 plant species, together with soil samples, were collected from various sites affected by historical As mining: mine and slag dumps, tailings and contaminated soils with As concentrations in a range 72–193,000 mg/kg. Potentially and actually soluble As forms, extracted with 0.43 M HNO3 and, 1M NH4NO3 were examined in relation to As concentrations in plant roots and shoots. The latter differed strongly among the species and within them and were in the ranges 2.3–9400 mg/kg and 0.5–509 mg/kg, respectively. The majority (over 66%) of plant samples had As shoot concentrations above 4 mg/kg, an upper safe limit for animal fodder. The uptake of As by plants correlated well with total and extractable soil As, though As concentrations in plants could not be predicted based on soil parameters. Equisetum spp. and C. epigejos indicated a particularly strong accumulation of As in shoots, while A. capillaris, and H. lanatus showed a limited As root-to-shoot transfer, apparently associated with species-related tolerance to As.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document