A Quiet Upheaval

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-135
Author(s):  
Milena B. Methodieva
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Young Turks ◽  
Younger Generation

The chapter traces the origins of the reform movement in Bulgaria to three interrelated developments: the emergence of an independent Muslim press which served as the means for the spread and coordination of reform initiatives, the rise to prominence of a younger generation of Muslims, most of them teachers and journalists, who were the primary driving force of these endeavors, and the spread of the Young Turk opposition organization to Bulgaria. The reformist Muslims saw a common cause with the Young Turks, many turning into sympathizers of the opposition organization. Young Turk anti-establishment rhetoric and their emphasis on the importance of modern science resonated with many reformist Muslims. This chapter presents the biographies of some of the most important figures involved in the events under discussion.

The Reform Commission

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-262
Author(s):  
Todd Haugh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Federal Sentencing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sentencing Reform

The United States Sentencing Commission has drawn much criticism over the years. Stakeholders have impugned the institutional structure of the Commission and the operation of the Guidelines, and they’ve even attacked the Commissioners themselves. While many of the criticisms are undoubtedly due, the current Commission has advanced a series of noteworthy reform initiatives aimed at reducing sentences. The most visible is the Commission’s recent proposed amendment that would lessen drug trafficking sentences across the board, but there are others. Because of the Commission’s efforts, which have led and capitalized on the reform movement, federal sentencing is on the cusp of becoming less punitive, less costly, and much less flawed than it has been in over a generation. In this essay, I briefly catalog the Commission’s recent efforts to reduce sentences, and explain how it has used nimble strategy to advance reform consistent with the agency’s values but also in a way most likely to succeed. I then offer some insights into why the Commission is now asserting itself more strongly as to sentencing reform than it has in the past, a welcome trend that I hope continues.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Exclusion of Students With Disabilities in National Data Collection Programs

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin S. McGrew ◽  
Martha L. Thurlow ◽  
Amy N. Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Educational Reform ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
National Data ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collection Programs ◽  
Significant Attention

This investigation examined the extent to which students with disabilities are involved in a select sample of national data collection programs that are playing a pivotal role in the measurement-driven educational reform movement. Nine data collection programs that are receiving significant attention in current educational reform initiatives were reviewed. The results suggest that approximately 40% to 50% of school-age students with disabilities are excluded from some of the most prominent national educational data collection programs. In contrast, students with disabilities are included to a greater degree in noneducational data collection programs that do not require participation in direct assessment activities. This study reports on the extent of exclusion, how and why exclusion occurs, and the impact of this exclusion on policy research. Preliminary recommendations for addressing the significant exclusion of students with disabilities from certain national data collection programs are presented.

scholarly journals STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI DALAM PELESTARIAN BUDAYA SARONEN KEPADA GENERASI MUDA DI KABUPATEN SUMENEP

REPRESENTAMEN ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Insan Romadhan ◽  
Anggraeny Puspaningtyas ◽  
Dida Rahmadanik
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Cultural Preservation ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
The Government

Culture and Indonesia is a thing that will never loose. But cultures that abounds in its development especially in the digital era and the current globalization as pushed the waning cultural premises in indonesia specially in younger generations. It would certainly be the task of the Government as the driving force in cultural preservation efforts. One of the local culture that needs to be preserved is a saronen musical culture derived from the Regency of Sumenep Madura. Based on the phenomenon of researchers interested in knowing the strategies of communication in Cultural preservation Saronen To the younger generation in Sumenep. As for the research methods using a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques of observation, interview and documentation study. The results in this study demonstrate the communication strategy undertaken by the Department of culture, tourism, youth and sports festival by using Sumenep Regency as a medium in the delivery of cultural preservation efforts to saronen generation Young's been right on target.Key Word: Communication Strategy, Saronen Cultural Preservation, The Younger Generation

Madrasa Reform as a Secularizing Process: A View from the Late Russian Empire

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Tuna
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Religious Influences ◽  
Religious System ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Volga Ural Region

What is Islamic about reform among Muslims and what is not? How can we differentiate reform within an Islamic paradigm and a paradigmatic shift from the Islamic tradition to something else in a Muslim community? How do we establish the connection between reform as an intellectual or scholarly project and the translation of that project into social reality (or, in some cases, the absence of such a translation)? This article addresses these questions in the context of the Volga-Ural region in the late Russian Empire, where reformist Muslims attempted to reform existing Islamic educational institutions, particularly the religious seminaries called “madrasas,” as a means to modernize the region's Muslim communities. Educational reform initiatives among Volga-Ural Muslims originated within the framework of Muslim networks and institutions. Yet, especially after Russia's Revolution of 1905, reform in a number of prominent madrasas came to be characterized by various non-religious and at times even anti-religious influences emerging from the globalization of Western European modernity. Consequently, in these madrasas, education and the overall student experience turned into a secularizing process, and Islam as a religious system lost its weight and appeal for many students, who then engaged in a reform movement that evolved beyond an Islamic paradigm.

scholarly journals Unveiled Orientalism: the Turkish Travel Writings of Marcelle Tinayre and Demetra Vaka Brown

Viatica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassiliki LALAGIANNI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Narratives ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Travel Writings ◽  
Young Turks ◽  
Turkish Society

This article focuses on the travel narratives of Marcelle Tinayre and of Demetra Vaka Brown whilst in Turkey. The study examines the position of these feminist author-journalists during the modernisation of Turkish society and the modern/traditional polarisation which shook Turkey for many years following the emergence of the Young Turks reform movement. The daily lives and customs of Ottoman women are also examined, as well as the readiness of the two writers to show feminine solidarity towards these women, therefore transcending colonial prejudices.

What the replication reformation wrought

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Spellman ◽  
Daniel Kahneman
Keyword(s):  
Reform Movement ◽  
Short Time

AbstractReplication failures were among the triggers of a reform movement which, in a very short time, has been enormously useful in raising standards and improving methods. As a result, the massive multilab multi-experiment replication projects have served their purpose and will die out. We describe other types of replications – both friendly and adversarial – that should continue to be beneficial.

In situ TEM Studies of agglomeration of sub-nanometer Ru layers in Ru/C multilayers

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
Tai D. Nguyen ◽  
Ronald Gronsky ◽  
Jeffrey B. Kortright
Keyword(s):  
Layered Structure ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Rayleigh Instability ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Nanometer period Ru/C multilayers are one of the prime candidates for normal incident reflecting mirrors at wavelengths < 10 nm. Superior performance, which requires uniform layers and smooth interfaces, and high stability of the layered structure under thermal loadings are some of the demands in practical applications. Previous studies however show that the Ru layers in the 2 nm period Ru/C multilayer agglomerate upon moderate annealing, and the layered structure is no longer retained. This agglomeration and crystallization of the Ru layers upon annealing to form almost spherical crystallites is a result of the reduction of surface or interfacial energy from die amorphous high energy non-equilibrium state of the as-prepared sample dirough diffusive arrangements of the atoms. Proposed models for mechanism of thin film agglomeration include one analogous to Rayleigh instability, and grain boundary grooving in polycrystalline films. These models however are not necessarily appropriate to explain for the agglomeration in the sub-nanometer amorphous Ru layers in Ru/C multilayers. The Ru-C phase diagram shows a wide miscible gap, which indicates the preference of phase separation between these two materials and provides an additional driving force for agglomeration. In this paper, we study the evolution of the microstructures and layered structure via in-situ Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and attempt to determine the order of occurence of agglomeration and crystallization in the Ru layers by observing the diffraction patterns.

The nucleation of cavities at grain boundaries

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
P. J. Goodhew
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Impurity Concentration ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Phase Boundaries ◽  
Cavity Nucleation ◽  
Spherical Bubble

Cavity nucleation and growth at grain and phase boundaries is of concern because it can lead to failure during creep and can lead to embrittlement as a result of radiation damage. Two major types of cavity are usually distinguished: The term bubble is applied to a cavity which contains gas at a pressure which is at least sufficient to support the surface tension (2g/r for a spherical bubble of radius r and surface energy g). The term void is generally applied to any cavity which contains less gas than this, but is not necessarily empty of gas. A void would therefore tend to shrink in the absence of any imposed driving force for growth, whereas a bubble would be stable or would tend to grow. It is widely considered that cavity nucleation always requires the presence of one or more gas atoms. However since it is extremely difficult to prepare experimental materials with a gas impurity concentration lower than their eventual cavity concentration there is little to be gained by debating this point.

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