scholarly journals Phytoecdysteroids: Chemical Structure And Biological Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zh.S. Akhmetkarimova ◽  
B.S. Temirgaziev
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Polyhydroxylated Sterols ◽  
The Brain

Owing to the need to develop new medicines and biologically active food additives with adaptogenic effects, phytoecdysteroids – polyhydroxylated sterols-are of great interest. Different types of drugs, extracts and individual compounds, have a wide range of pharmacological effects on several organs, such as the brain, blood, cardiovascular and nervous systems, as well as on various biochemical processes and physiological functions. Extracts and preparations from plants are safe and exhibit additional biological effects (antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antiparasitic and antifidant). Data on the chemical, pharmacological, and toxicological characteristics of R. carthamoides demonstrate that this species has beneficial therapeutic properties, and indicate its potential as an effective adaptogenic herbal remedy.

scholarly journals Andrographolide, A Natural Antioxidant: An Update

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenie Mussard ◽  
Annabelle Cesaro ◽  
Eric Lespessailles ◽  
Brigitte Legrain ◽  
Sabine Berteina-Raboin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanisms

Traditionally, Andrographis paniculata has been used as an herbal remedy for lung infection treatments. Its leaves contain a diterpenoid labdane called andrographolide responsible for a wide range of biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. This manuscript is a brief review of the antioxidant mechanisms and the regulation of the Nrf2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) signaling pathway by andrographolide.

scholarly journals ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY OF CUMINUM CYMINUM: A REVIEW.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKHIL ARUN CHAUDHARI ◽  
NINAD SATHE
Keyword(s):  
Biologically Active ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Cuminum Cyminum ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Herbal Plant ◽  
Cancer Activity

Jeeraka, commonly known as cumin (Cuminum cyminum Linn.) (Family: Umbelliferae), is a popular herbal plant in traditional ayurvedic medicine, which has since long used as antioxidant, gastric stimulant, anti-flatulence, anti-diarrheal, sprue, anthelmintic, galactagogue, diuretic, astringent, carminative. This plant is pharmacologically and clinically evaluated for various activities like antioxidant, aphrodisiac, antimicrobial, hepato-protective, and anti-inflammatory. It is promulgated to possess a wide range of many phytochemical constituents. The current review is presented to give a comprehensive account of all anti-cancer activities of cumin. It will be helpful to create interest towards cumin and may be useful in developing new and economical anti-cancer formulations with more therapeutic value. The part used of the selected plant is seed. As per retrospective review cumin seed, its essential oil, ethanoic extract and 1­(2­Ethyl, 6­Heptyl) Phenol (EHP), a biologically active compound formerly extracted by benzene are found having anti-cancer activity against 13 different cell lines of various origins and 6 animal models. Also, it can be used as chemopreventive ingredient in the herbal anti-cancer formulation. Total 8 research articles, peer viewed research papers, abstracts and classical texts were reviewed.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Iridoid Derivatives: Patent Review

Inventions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidayat Hussain ◽  
Ivan R. Green ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Liaquat Raza ◽  
Mamona Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Patent Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Plant Families

Iridoids belong to a family of monoterpenoids comprising the cyclopentan[c]-pyran system; this class of compounds offers a wide range of biological effects, namely antileishmanial, anticancer, antiplasmodial, and anti-inflammatory potency. To date, a large number of biologically active iridoid derivatives have been reported from various plant families, including Rubiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Verbenaceae. Furthermore, iridoids have the potential to form conjugates with other anticancer, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, and antimalarial drugs which synergistically have the potential to increase their effects. Additionally, future research should focus on the synthesis of halo analogs as well as preparing homo dimers or heterodimers of iridoids, since these might quite conceivably possess an increased bioactivity.

Neuroprotection with Natural Antioxidants and Nutraceuticals in the Context of Brain Cell Degeneration: The Epigenetic Connection

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (32) ◽  
pp. 2999-3011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Carrera ◽  
Olaia Martínez ◽  
Ramón Cacabelos
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Epigenetic Modifiers ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Brain

: Bioactive antioxidant agents present in selected plants are known to provide the first line of biological defense against oxidative stress. In particular, soluble vitamin C, E, carotenoids and phenolic compounds have demonstrated crucial biological effects in cells against oxidative damage, preventing prevalent chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. The reported wide range of effects that included anti-aging, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity were studied against degenerative pathologies of the brain. Vitamins and different phytochemicals are important epigenetic modifiers that prevent neurodegeneration. In order to explore the potential antioxidant sources in functional foods and nutraceuticals against neurodegeneration, the present paper aims to show a comprehensive assessment of antioxidant activity at chemical and cellular levels. The effects of the different bioactive compounds available and their antioxidant activity through an epigenetic point of view are also discussed.

Marine Actinobacteria – Producers of Enzymes with α-L-Rhamnosidase

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
L.D. Varbanets ◽  
◽  
O.V. Gudzenko ◽  
V.A. Ivanytsia ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Marine Actinobacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lowry Method ◽  
The Cost

In recent years researchers have attracted their attention to such glycosidases as α-L-rhamnosidase (α-L-rhamnoside-rhamnohydrolase – EC 3.2.1.40). The substrates of their action are widespread in the plant world glycosides such as naringin, quercetrin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, and rutin, from which α-L-rhamnosidases cleave the terminal unreduced L-rhamnose residues. This specificity of α-L-rhamnosidases can be used in various industries: food – to improve the quality of drinks (reducing bitterness in citrus juices, enhancing the aroma of wines), as well as production of food additives; in the pharmaceutical industry – to improve the biological properties of bioflavonoids, in particular anti-inflammatory. A number of them are characterized by cardio- and radioprotective effects, have antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial, antisclerotic properties, and are used in the complex treatment of coronary heart disease, including angina pectoris. The use of α-L-rhamnosidases in the chemical industry is associated with a reduction in the cost of rhamnose production as well as various plant glycosides and rutinosides. In the literature available to us, no data were found on the producers of α-L-rhamnosidases among the representatives of actinobacteria, which are known to synthesize a wide range of biologically active compounds, including antibiotics and enzymes. Purpose. To study the ability of actinobacteria isolated from water and bottom sediments of the Black Sea, to produce a-L-rhamnosidase, and also to study the properties of the most active producer. Methods. Glycosidase activity was determined by the Romero and Davis methods, protein – by the Lowry method. Results. The study of 12 glycosidase activities in 10 strains of actinobacteria isolated from bottom sediments of the Black Sea indicated that 6 investigated strains showed the ability to synthesize an enzyme with a-L-rhamnosidase and b-D-glucosidase activity. Studies have shown that the highest α-L-rhamnosidase activity (0.14 U/mg protein) was manifested by Acty 5 isolate with an optimum pH of 7.0 and a temperature optimum of 38°C. The enzyme preparation showed substrate specificity both for natural (rutin, naringin, neohesperidin) and synthetic (p-nitrophenyl derivatives of L-rhamnose and D-glucose) substrates. Conclusions. Promising Acty 5 isolate with high a-L-rhamnosidase and low b-Dglucosidase activity was found among marine actinobacteria. Bacteria with two enzymes activity expand the possibilities of their practical use.

scholarly journals Recent advancements in liposome-based strategies for effective drug delivery to the brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Zaman ◽  
Peter E. Penson ◽  
George E. Barreto ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Large Molecules ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Active Substances

: Disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and tumors of the brain are challenging to treat, and they rank amongst the most common causes of death worldwide. The delivery of drugs to the brain is problematic because the blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively arrests the transport of large molecules (including drugs) from the blood to the CNS. Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery has received much interest as a technique to overcome this difficulty. In particular, liposome NPs are promising candidates to carry and deliver drugs across the BBB and into the CNS. Liposomes are easy to prepare, highly biodegradable and biocompatible. Liposomes can be easily modified with various ligands to enable efficient and targeted drug delivery. Liposomes can promote increased cellular uptake of drugs and can reduce the extent to which efflux transporters can remove drugs. Liposomes can be loaded with a wide range of drugs and biologically active substances. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in research relating to liposome-based strategies to enable drug delivery across the BBB.

scholarly journals The Pathways Involved in TLQP-62 Mediated Biological Functions

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 953-966
Author(s):  
Md. Shamim Akhter ◽  
Jojon Arif
Keyword(s):  
Biological Function ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Peptides ◽  
Mediated Action ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biologically Active Peptides ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Inducible Gene

VGF is neurosecretory protein, belongs to the extendedgranin family of proteins, originallyrecognized as a nerve growth factor (NGF) inducible gene product. It is selectively synthesized mostly in neuronal and neuroendocrine cells. It has a very simple organization. It has several biologically active peptides, described as VGF-derived peptides including APPG-40, APPG-37, GRPE-37, NERP-1, NERP-2, NAPP-129 (VGF 20), VGF 18, HFHH-51 (VGF 6), HHPD-1, AQEE-30 (Peptide V), LQEQ-19, TLQP-21 and TLQP-62 (VGF 10). Among these peptides TLQP-62 is of great significance because of its several remarkable biological effects like regulation of memory formation, glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, gene transcription, neurogenesis, etc. Although in light of these outstanding behavioral and physiological roles, very few information are available regarding its mode of action. Still, no receptor has been found for TLQP-62 mediated cascading pathways. However, considering the significant biological function of TLQP-62, this review study was done to summarize the pathways involved in TLQP-62 mediated action, based on the information till now. TLQP-62 activates signal transduction cascades by two mechanisms including opening of the calcium channels and modulating the AMPK, PKC and ERK pathways. These events result in an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration which permits the secretion of insulin. TLQP-62 would be a significant therapeutics and drug discovery tool for a wide range of diseases to which the peptide related, if TLQP-62 mediated pathways are known, as a whole.

scholarly journals Impact of Propolis on the Oral Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Marizela Šabanović ◽  
Semir Saltović ◽  
Azra Avdić Mujkić ◽  
Midhat Jašić ◽  
Zerina Bahić
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Restorative Dentistry ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bad Breath ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
And Control

SummaryPropolis is a natural resinous substance collected by honey bees from buds and exudates of plant species, mixed with bee enzymes, pollen and wax. It has a complex composition with a wide range of effects, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiflogistic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, carcinostatic and immunomodulatory properties. It is often applied in the treatment of diseases involving the oral cavity and gums. The aim of this paper is to describe the therapeutic properties of propolis, chemical composition and its application in the oral cavity. Literature and systematic information on the composition and the effects of propolis on health were collected, with particular reference to the use in the treatment of oral cavity diseases. The chemical composition of propolis is very complex. The health impact depends on the biologically active components it contains. A particularly important application is in the treatment of diseases of the oral cavity. Studies show that propolis can help prevent dental caries and control gingivitis and plaque. It reduces halithosis (bad breath) and symptoms of periodontosis. It is also effective in fighting viruses. It can have significant application in orthodontics and restorative dentistry. A wide range of effects allows the multiple uses of propolis-based products. Recent research has been increasingly focused on diseases of the oral cavity. The development of novel propolis-based pharmaceutical forms could significantly reduce the use of antibiotics in conventional treatment of diseases of the oral cavity.

scholarly journals Electrical activity dynamics of the hippocampus under caffeine influence

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
T. G. Turitskaya ◽  
A. G. Sidorenko
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Adenosine Receptors ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
White Male ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Brain

Multiple studies have shown that the hippocampus is a major part of the limbic system of the brain. It has complex cyclic connections with other brain structures. The hippocampus is an area that stores the sensory information that is associated with effective programs of behavior. The projection of this region in the cortex creates a sense of emotional background, which is a factor of automatic extraction and evaluation of programs, in accordance with past experience, including programs got with a new consciousness. Neurons of hippocampus differ with a severe background activity. Up to 60% of neurons in the hippocampus are responding on the sensory stimulation. Electrical activity is a manifestation of complex shape analyzer processes in stimulating tissues. Changes in activity may indicate the occurrence of adaptive processes that are the result of stress- realizing and stress- limiting systems. One of the main roles in these systems plays hippocampus. The main neurotransmitters of synaptic stimulation in the hippocampus are glutamate. In the hippocampus under conditions of chronic stress are developing neurodegenerative processes in which primary importance belongs to prolonged changes in membrane potential of neurons that potentiate the action of glutamate on nerve cells. Balanced job of synaptic stimulation/inhibition and neurotransmitters systems is underlying the transmission, processing and storage of information in the hippocampus, as well as generating its rhythms, which is a kind of clock operating frequencies of the structure of the brain. Obviously, the various factors that affect the body from the outside can affect on recovery efficiency of electric shift of homeostasis. One of such factors are caffeinated substances, due to their inhibitory effect on phosphodiesterase and interaction with the purine receptors, which ultimately leads to the predominance of stimulating in the brain. In addition, for many decades consumption of caffeinated products with neuro-stimulating properties have greatly increased. Leaders in this list remain coffee and tea. Today the well-known biological effects of caffeinated substances are investigated their chemical composition and process of the transformation in the body. The wide range of research is due to the high consumption of these substances. The environmental factors indirectly or directly, in combination or single affect health, and the caffeinated substances can go to one of the best in strength and impact performance. In neurochemical mechanism of stimulating effect of caffeine plays an important role its ability to bind to specific ("purine" or adenosine) receptors in the brain, the endogenous ligand for which is purine nucleoside – adenosine. The structural similarity of molecules of caffeine and adenosine contributes to this. Since adenosine is seen as a factor that reduces the stimulating processes in the brain, replacing its caffeine results in stimulative effect. Prolonged use of caffeine promotes the formation of new adenosine receptors and the effect of caffeine gradually decreases. However, the sudden cessation of caffeine consumption, adenosine covers all receptors that may lead to increased inhibition with symptoms of fatigue, sleepiness, depression. The relevance of this work is determined by the following observations. Activating mechanism of action of these substances is launching adaptive responses that represent the interaction stress-activating and stress-limiting systems. Energy shortage of the last one under these conditions can appear the cause of many neurodegenerative patalohiy. What may occur in terms of the electroencephalogramm. Electrical activity of the hippocampus, in turn, is one of the indicators of the functional state, which plays an important role in adaptive-compensatory reactions. Therefore, we can assume that prolonged consumption of caffeinated substances can lead to neurodegenerative changes that will show itself in terms of power on hippocampogramm. Therefore, the present study has to identify the dynamics of the bioelectrical activity of the hippocampus of rats under prolonged consumption of caffeinated substances. Experiments were carried out on non-linear white male rats. At the beginning rats were with weight 125–140 g. The animals were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of control animals (n = 20). The second group (n = 15) was presented by the animals feeded with pure caffeine in an amount of 150 mg/kg/day. Registration of electrohippocampogramm was performed in acute experiments in the subgroup of 3–5 animals every 2 weeks throughout the study, which lasted for 8 weeks. Background electrical activity of the hippocampus were recorded using standard electrophysiological complex equipment. Recordings started when the electrical activity of the hippocampus disappeared drugs spindle. Each animal spent 10–12 records for 1–2 minutes and then these records are digitally stored on a personal computer and processed using the application package consisting of "MathCAD 2001". Analyzed spectral power (mkV2) and normalized power (%) waves of background electrical activity of the hippocampus within common frequency bands. In the group of animals that continued to receive caffeine in its pure form at the beginning of experiment was observed desynchronization of rhythms in hippocampogramm that after 8 weeks of the study varied synchronization. The results may indicate that the effect of coffeine substances on neurophysiological parameters of electrical activity of the hippocampus of rats reflects one of the many lines of action of some form of nutritional stress, which mechanisms relate to the agreed work and limiting and activating systems of the brain over time.

Some conclusions regarding long -term biological effects of some major oil spills

1982 ◽  
Vol 297 (1087) ◽  
pp. 335-351 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Petroleum Fractions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Courses

Many of the world ’s major spills exhibit long-term consequences, associated mainly with lagoons, estuaries and marshes. This is due to the persistence of oil or petroleum fractions in these low-energy environments. The bioavailability of residual oil to infauna is influenced by several factors, such as solubility in water, feeding habit, weathering rate and sediment grain size. The time-courses for these long-term effects vary, but may run into decades for some community perturbations. The effects are at all levels of organization, including cellular, organismic and the community. Although the number of documented long-term effects is small, they involve a wide range of biological processes: development, genetic, growth, feeding and assimilation, photosynthesis, recruitment and fecundity, and community stability. It is important to note that the known effects are probably only representative of a much wider range of possible disorders that have occurred, but which have not been detected. This is due mainly to the selective nature of spill follow-up studies. Long-term spill consequences are generally local phenomena and so far no single spill has, to our limited knowledge, significantly altered entire ecosystems or materially affected fisheries. The combination of several spills can, however, place considerable stress on an environment. Also, so far there is no indication of an increasing mutagenic or carcinogenic load in the marine environment due to biologically active petroleum fractions or to carcinogenic or mutagenic metabolites. There is, however, the possibility of local build-up of these compounds, as in ‘hydrocarbon sink’ areas, where such a burden may become a local problem .

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