Development of a Low-Emission Combustor for a 100-kW Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine (II)

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kumakura ◽  
M. Sasaki ◽  
D. Suzuki ◽  
H. Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Combustion Tests

Performance tests were conducted on a low-emission combustor, which has a pre-vaporization–premixing lean combustion system and is designed for a 100 kW automotive ceramic gas turbine. The results of steady-state combustion tests performed at an inlet temperature of 1000–1200 K and pressure of 0.1–0.34 MPa indicate that the combustor would meet Japan’s emission standards for gasoline engine passenger cars without using an aftertreatment system. Flashback was suppressed by controlling the mixture velocity and air ratios. Strength tests conducted on rings and bars cut from the actual ceramic parts indicate that the combustor has nearly the same level of strength as standard test specimens.

scholarly journals Development of a Low-Emission Combustor for a 100-kW Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine: II

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Kumakura ◽  
Masafumi Sasaki ◽  
Daishi Suzuki ◽  
Hiroyuki Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Combustion Tests

Perfomance tests were conducted on a low-emission combustor which has a prevaporization-premixing lean combustion system and is designed for a 100 kW automotive ceramic gas turbine. The results of steady-state combustion tests performed at an inlet temperature of 1000–1200 K and pressure of 0.1–0.34 MPa indicate that the combustor would meet Japan’s emission standards for gasoline engine passenger cars without using an aftertreatment system. Flashback was suppressed by controlling the mixture velocity and air ratios. Strength tests conducted on rings and bars cut from the actual ceramic parts indicate that the combustor has nearly the same level of strength as standard test specimens.

Development of a Low Emission Combustor for a 100kW Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine: I

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masafumi Sasaki ◽  
Hirotaka Kumakura ◽  
Daishi Suzuki ◽  
Katsuhiko Sugiyama ◽  
Youichirou Ohkubo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Temperature Level ◽  
Fuel Injectors ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Ceramic Components ◽  
Suitable System

A low emission combustor for a 100kW ceramic gas turbine, which is intended to meet Japanese emission standards for gasoline passenger cars, has been designed and subjected to initial performance tests. A prevaporization-premixing combustion system was chosen as the most suitable system for the combustor. The detailed combustor design, including the use of ceramic components and fuel injectors, was pursued taking into account the allowable engine dimensions for vehicle installation. In the initial performance tests conducted at a combustor inlet temperature of 773K, a low NOx level was obtained that satisfied the steady state target at this temperature level.

Development of a Low-Emission Combustor for a 100-kW Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine (III)

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masafumi Sasaki ◽  
Hirotaka Kumakura ◽  
Daishi Suzuki ◽  
Hiroyuki Ichikawa ◽  
Youichiro Ohkubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Stable Combustion ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Combustion Region

A low emission combustor, which uses a prevaporization-premixing lean combustion system for the 100 kW automotive ceramic gas turbine (CGT), has been subjected to performance tests. Now a second combustor prototype (PPL-2), which incorporates improvements intended to overcome a flashback problem observed in an initial combustor prototype (PPL-1), is tested. The PPL-2 has been designed and built, so that it will substantially expand the stable combustion range. The improvement is accomplished by increasing the air distribution ratio in the lean combustion region to avoid flashback, providing a uniform flow velocity through the throat area and also by diluting the boundary layer so as to suppress flashback. Test results of the PPL-2 combustor show that it expands the flashback limit without affecting the blow out limit and is able to cover the stable combustion range need for the 100kW CGT.

scholarly journals Development of a Low-Emission Combustor for a 100-kW Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine (IV)

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masafumi Sasaki ◽  
Hirotaka Kumakura ◽  
Hiroyuki Ichikawa ◽  
Youichiro Ohkubo ◽  
Yuusaku Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Uniform Flow ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Stable Combustion ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Swirl Chamber ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Combustion Region

A low emission combustor, which uses a prevaporization-premixing lean combustion system for the 100-kW automotive ceramic gas turbine (CGT), has been subjected to performance tests. A second combustor prototype (PPL-2). which incorporates improvements intended to overcome a flashback problem observed in an initiel combustor prototype (PPL-1), had been tested. Now combustors with further improvements accomplished to the PPL-2 prototype, is tested. Test results of the PPL-2 combustor showed that, increasing the air distribution ratio in the lean combustion region to aviod flashback, and by providing a uniform flow layer at the entrance of the combustion region so as to supress flashback, were effective in expanding the stable combustion range by substantially improving the flashback characteristics. To improve the flashback characteristics further more, we have redesinged the bluffbody and the swirl chamber so as to obtain uniform flow of the mixture, in the prevaporization premixing zone. Test results shows that the flashback characteristics has been greatly improved, and a wide stable combustion range, needed to operate the 100-kW CGT engine, was obtained.

scholarly journals Evaporation Characteristics of Spray in a Lean Premixed-Prevaporization Combustor for a 100 KW Automotive Ceramic Gas Turbine

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youichlrou Ohkubo ◽  
Yoshinorl Idota ◽  
Yoshihiro Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flame Stabilization ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Swirl Chamber ◽  
Lean Premixed

Spray characteristics of liquid fuel air-assisted atomizers developed for a lean premixed-prevaporization combustor were evaluated under two kinds of conditions: in still air under non-evaporation conditions at atmospheric pressure and in a prevaporization-premixing tube under evaporation conditions with a running gas turbine. The non-evaporated mass fraction of fuel spray was measured using a phase Doppler particle analyzer in the prevaporization-premixing tube, in which the inlet temperature ranged from 873K to 1173K. The evaporation of the fuel spray in the tube is mainly controlled by its atomization and distribution. The NOx emission characteristics measured with a combustor test rig were evaluated with three-dimensional numerical simulations. A low non-evaporated mass fraction of less than 10% was effective in reducing the exhausted NOx from lean premixed-prevaporization combustion to about 1/6 times smaller than that from lean diffusion (spray) combustion. The flow patterns in the combustor are established by a swirl chamber in fuel-air preparation tube, and affect the flame stabilization of lean combustion.

scholarly journals The Low Emission Gas Turbine Passenger Car: What Does the Future Hold?

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Nagey ◽  
P. Mykolenko ◽  
M. E. Naylor ◽  
F. J. Verkemp
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
The Future ◽  
Fundamental Design

This paper reviews the potential of the gas turbine as a low emission engine for passenger cars. State-of-the-art emission levels for turbines are identified together with the causes for the typically high levels of NOx that are encountered. Laboratory solutions for reduced NOx are discussed and some of the recent GM accomplishments defined. Fundamental design criteria for low emission combustors are identified. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the problems remaining in the area of combustors for which solutions must be found before the gas turbine engine can be considered for general use.

Hybrid vehicle simulation for a turbogenerator-based power-train

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Leontopoulos ◽  
M. R. Etemad ◽  
K. R. Pullen ◽  
M. U. Lamperth
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Power Train ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Zero Emissions Vehicle

The potential of the turbogenerator-based power-train for hybrid vehicles is described. Data from a small gas turbine, a prototype high-speed generator and an advanced lead-acid battery pack show that the ‘turboelectric’ concept is feasible and can provide a viable road transport solution which will comply with the stringent environmental legislation. The simulation results show improved overall vehicle efficiencies due to the implementation of regenerative braking capability. Most importantly the lean combustion of the gas-turbine engine with a suitable energy control strategy can provide lower emissions than ultra-low-emission vehicle (ULEV) limits, while an acceptable zero-emissions vehicle (ZEV) driving range can be achieved for city centres.

Analytical Consideration of Fuel Economy and Dynamic Response of a Regenerative High Temperature Automobile Gas Turbine: Part I

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Itoh ◽  
S. Yamazaki ◽  
T. Takeuchi ◽  
H. Kosuge ◽  
T. Ishida
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Variable Geometry ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Automobile Engines

Ceramic gas turbines are being studied in many countries for future use as automobile engines. Ceramic turbines were also examined here to determine their potential as engines for passenger cars. Initially, it was found that in the Japanese 10-mode driving cycle and at a turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of 1350 C, the turbine fuel economy was not better than current gasoline engines. On the other hand, it was also found that fuel economy is greatly improved if the air flow at idle conditions is reduced to 1/2 by using, for example, variable geometry components. It is pointed out that a simulation technique is available for estimating the dynamic characteristics of regenerative gas turbine engines, including consideration of variable geometry components. However, satisfactory regenerator models were not readily available. Hence, an experimental regenerator model was made. Where compared with test values, comparatively good results were obtained. Part II of this paper will report in the future on how these models were applied to an engine and what results were obtained from the dynamic simulation of the regenerative, high temperature gas turbine.

The Nature of NOx Formation Within an Industrial Gas Turbine Dry Low Emission Combustor

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khawar J. Syed ◽  
Eoghan Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Stirred Reactor ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

The NOx formation within a practical lean premixed gas turbine combustor concept has been investigated. The effects of chemical kinetics and fuel/air mixing have been isolated, by adopting an approach, which combines high pressure combustion testing, CFD and chemical reactor modelling. Given the complexities of the underlying fluid dynamic and chemical processes and their interactions, consistency has been sought between experimental and numerical approaches, prior to drawing any conclusions. Two variants of Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery’s dry low emissions combustor have been investigated, one exhibiting near-ideally premixed combustion over a wide range of combustor pressure drop. Perfectly Stirred Reactor analysis, utilising the GRI 3.0 NOx mechanism, shows that NOx formation is dominated by the N2O and Zeldovich routes, with the N2O route being the larger at flame temperatures below 1800–1900K, for systems operating at 14bars, 400°C inlet temperature and at residence times of interest. Other reactions involving H-N-O chemistry are also significant, however the C-H-N-O chemistry has a negligible impact.

Effects of Major Design and Operating Parameters on Achieving Low Emissions From Gas Turbine Combustors

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Demetri
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
And Performance

The results of a research program involving the design and performance testing of two low-emission combustors for vehicular gas turbine applications are described. The novel features of the combustor designs tested include the use of airblast fuel nozzles, a relatively high value of pressure-loss factor to promote vigorous mixing, and variable geometry to control the liner air flow distributions. Particular emphasis is placed on describing the relative effects of primary-zone equivalence ratio, combustor inlet temperature and pressure, residence time, and the uniformity of the fuel/air distribution in the primary zone. Guidelines for the future design of low-emission combustors based on the observed effects are also presented. The major conclusion reached is that essentially conventional combustor configurations have the capability of achieving the specified emission goals.

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