An Overview of Integrated Circuit Device Encapsulants

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Chip Size ◽  
Scale Integration

The rapid development of integrated circuit technology from small-scale integration (SSI) to very large scale integration (VLSI) has had great technological and economical impact on the electronics industry. The exponential growth of the number of components per IC chip, the exponential decrease of device dimensions, and the steady increase in IC chip size have imposed stringent requirements, not only on the IC physical design and fabrication, but also on IC encapsulants. This report addresses the purpose of encapsulation, encapsulation techniques, and a general overview of the application of inorganic and organic polymer materials as electronic device encapsulants.

scholarly journals Vlsi Interconnection Modelling Using a Finite Element Approach

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-202
Author(s):  
Umesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Stratified Medium ◽  
Base Function ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
Element Approach ◽  
Scale Integration ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Important Shift

In the last decade, an important shift has taken place in the design of hardware with the advent of smaller and denser integrated circuit packages. Analysis techniques are required to ensure the proper electrical functioning of this hardware. An efficient method is presented to model the parasitic capacitance of VLSI (very large scale integration) interconnections. It is valid for conductors in a stratified medium, which is considered to be a good approximation for theSi−SiO2system of which present day ICs are made. The model approximates the charge density on the conductors as a continuous function on a web of edges. Each base function in the approximation has the form of a “spider” of edges. Here the method used [1] has very low complexity, as compared to other models used previously [2], and achieves a high degree of precision within the range of validity of the stratified medium.

scholarly journals Organic printed photonics: From microring lasers to integrated circuits

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. e1500257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuang Zhang ◽  
Chang-Ling Zou ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Chun-Hua Dong ◽  
Cong Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuit ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Silicon Based

A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is the optical analogy of an electronic loop in which photons are signal carriers with high transport speed and parallel processing capability. Besides the most frequently demonstrated silicon-based circuits, PICs require a variety of materials for light generation, processing, modulation, and detection. With their diversity and flexibility, organic molecular materials provide an alternative platform for photonics; however, the versatile fabrication of organic integrated circuits with the desired photonic performance remains a big challenge. The rapid development of flexible electronics has shown that a solution printing technique has considerable potential for the large-scale fabrication and integration of microsized/nanosized devices. We propose the idea of soft photonics and demonstrate the function-directed fabrication of high-quality organic photonic devices and circuits. We prepared size-tunable and reproducible polymer microring resonators on a wafer-scale transparent and flexible chip using a solution printing technique. The printed optical resonator showed a quality (Q) factor higher than 4 × 105, which is comparable to that of silicon-based resonators. The high material compatibility of this printed photonic chip enabled us to realize low-threshold microlasers by doping organic functional molecules into a typical photonic device. On an identical chip, this construction strategy allowed us to design a complex assembly of one-dimensional waveguide and resonator components for light signal filtering and optical storage toward the large-scale on-chip integration of microscopic photonic units. Thus, we have developed a scheme for soft photonic integration that may motivate further studies on organic photonic materials and devices.

scholarly journals A MODEL STUDY OF SMALL-SCALE WORLD MAP GENERALIZATION

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3 ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Y. Cheng ◽  
Y. Yin ◽  
C. M. Li ◽  
W. Wu ◽  
P. P. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Map Generalization ◽  
Basic Algorithm ◽  
The World ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Improved Model

With the globalization and rapid development every filed is taking an increasing interest in physical geography and human economics. There is a surging demand for small scale world map in large formats all over the world. Further study of automated mapping technology, especially the realization of small scale production on a large scale global map, is the key of the cartographic field need to solve. In light of this, this paper adopts the improved model (with the map and data separated) in the field of the mapmaking generalization, which can separate geographic data from mapping data from maps, mainly including cross-platform symbols and automatic map-making knowledge engine. With respect to the cross-platform symbol library, the symbol and the physical symbol in the geographic information are configured at all scale levels. With respect to automatic map-making knowledge engine consists 97 types, 1086 subtypes, 21845 basic algorithm and over 2500 relevant functional modules.In order to evaluate the accuracy and visual effect of our model towards topographic maps and thematic maps, we take the world map generalization in small scale as an example. After mapping generalization process, combining and simplifying the scattered islands make the map more explicit at 1 : 2.1 billion scale, and the map features more complete and accurate. Not only it enhance the map generalization of various scales significantly, but achieve the integration among map-makings of various scales, suggesting that this model provide a reference in cartographic generalization for various scales.

scholarly journals Chip on a fiber toward the e-textile computing platform

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunbin Hwang ◽  
Minji Kang ◽  
Aram Lee ◽  
Sukang Bae ◽  
Seoung-Ki Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
Circuit Components ◽  
Scale Integration ◽  
Electronic Textile

Abstract Electronic textiles have been considered one of the desired device platforms due to their dimensional compatibility with fabrics by weaving them with yarn. However, the existing electronic textile platforms are generally composed of only one type of electronic component with a single function on a fiber substrate because of processing challenges. A precise connecting process between each electronic fiber is essential to configure the desired electronic circuits or systems. Here we present a chip on a fiber, a new electronic fiber platform, by introducing large scale integration of electronic device or circuit components onto a one-dimensional microfiber substrate. The electronic components such as transistors, inverters, ring oscillators, and thermocouples were integrated together onto the outer surface of a fiber substrate with precise semiconductor and electrode patterns. Our results show that the electronic components can be integrated on a single fiber with reliable operation. We evaluate the electronic properties of the chip on a fiber as a multifunctional electronic textile platform by testing their switching and data processing, as well as sensing or transducing units for detecting optical/thermal signals. The demonstration of the chip on a fiber suggests significant proof of concepts for realization of high performance with wearable electronic textile systems.

scholarly journals Unbalanced-Tests to the Improvement of Yield and Quality

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 3032
Author(s):  
Chung-Huang Yeh ◽  
Jwu-E Chen
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Threshold Test ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
Scale Integration

An integrated-circuit testing model (DITM) is used to describe various factors that affect test yield during a test process. We used a probability distribution model to evaluate test yield and quality and introduced a threshold test and a guardband test. As a result of the development speed of the semiconductor manufacturing industry in the future being unpredictable, we use electrical properties of existing products and the current manufacturing technology to estimate future product-distribution trends. In the development of very-large-scale integration (VLSI) testing, the progress of testing technology is very slow. To improve product testing yield and quality, we change the test method and propose an unbalanced-test method, leading to improvements in test results. The calculation using our proposed model and data estimated by the product published by the IEEE International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS, 2017) proves that the proposed unbalanced-test method can greatly improve test yield and quality and achieve the goal of high-quality, near-zero-defect products.

A Lion’s Pride Inspired Algorithm for VLSI Floorplanning

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050003
Author(s):  
Lalin L. Laudis ◽  
N. Ramadass
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Problems ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Scale Integration ◽  
Vlsi Floorplanning

The complexity of any integrated circuit pushes the researchers to optimize the various parameters in the design process. Usually, the Nondeterministic Polynomial problems in the design process of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) are considered as a Single Objective Optimization Problem (SOOP). However, due to the increasing demand for the multi-criterion optimization, researchers delve up on Multi-Objective Optimization methodologies to solve a problem with multiple objectives. Moreover, it is evident from the literature that biologically inspired algorithm works very well in optimizing a Multi-Objective Optimization Problem (MOOP). This paper proposes a new Lion’s pride inspired algorithm to solve any MOOP. The methodologies mimic the traits of a Lion which always strives to become the Pride Lion. The Algorithm was tested with VLSI floorplanning problem wherein the area and dead space are the objectives. The algorithm was also tested with several standard test problems. The tabulated results justify the ruggedness of the proposed algorithm in solving any MOOP.

The Effect of Using Mobile Devices on Students' Performance in Writing

2016 ◽  
pp. 250-270
Author(s):  
Marielle Patronis
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
Scale Integration ◽  
The Impact

The number of projects exploring the potential of mobile device-facilitated learning is steadily growing in higher education, prompted, in part, by the use of mobile technology in the work place. The use of mobile devices has expanded from short-term trials on a small scale to large-scale integration in educational settings from primary to higher education. With this increase, the use of textual-based communication has also increased. Hence, the mode of writing faces a new environment from printed text to the digital. However, there remains a lack of analysis that brings together the findings of the impact of using mobile devices on students' performance in academic writing. Consequently, the aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of how mobile devices impact students' performance in writing along with recommendations for possible future pedagogical uses of mobile technologies. The chapter builds on a pilot study conducted in spring 2014 at a university in Dubai, UAE, which explored the effect of using the iPad on learners' writing performance.

scholarly journals Practices of Motivators in Adopting Agile Software Development at Large Scale Development Team from Management Perspective

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 2341
Author(s):  
Rashid Ali Khan ◽  
Muhammad Faisal Abrar ◽  
Samad Baseer ◽  
Muhammad Faran Majeed ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Software Development ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Agile Software Development ◽  
Agile Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Agile Software

Agile software development methodologies have become the most popular software development methods in the last few years. These methodologies facilitate rapid development. The low cost and prioritized user satisfaction make these methodologies more attractive. These methodologies were also intended for small scale developmental teams. Therefore, challenges were encountered when these methodologies were used in large-scale development teams. This study was based on the identification of factors which were discovered in our previous study. Some of the factors included “leadership strong commitment and team autonomy”, “cooperative organizational culture”, and “team competency—agile development expertise”. A total of 147 practices were identified in this study via a systematic literature review. These practices will help practitioners and project managers to adopt agile software methodologies and encourage them to the enhance them.

The Transition From Small-Scale to Large-Scale Industry

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2159-2165
Author(s):  
G. Campleman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
New Processing ◽  
New Industry ◽  
Capital Intensive

The transition in fisheries from small-scale to large-scale industry has traditionally evolved in the technically advanced countries over a period covering several generations. The present sophisticated, capital-intensive, highly mechanized fishing industry of Western Europe is a good example of this process.However, the developing countries of today are not content to wait through the evolutionary period. They want to establish a modern fishing industry — all aspects from catching the fish to processing and consumption — in the shortest time. Some have done so, at least in part, despite difficulties such as lack of trained personnel at all levels, lack of or inadequate infrastructure and marketing and distribution systems, inadequate capital resources, and so on.The author examines the main problems and challenges of the situation and provides various proposals and guidelines for such rapid development. He points out that the characteristic artisanal fisheries of the developing countries cannot be so transformed into modernized fisheries. They need a separate, slowly developing program for their upgrading. However, they are likely to be stimulated by and benefit from the establishment of a modern capital-intensive industry with which they must coexist. In particular, the artisanal fishermen should benefit from expansion of markets, introduction of new processing facilities, improvements in infrastructure, establishment of higher standards in handling, storage, and processing of fish, perhaps even by injection of capital and being given a specific share of the new industry, such as supplying it with high-priced prime fish, etc.

An Improved EMD Method and its Application in Nonstationary Signals Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 429 ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Hui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Nonstationary Signals ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Emd Method

Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method based on HHT has exhibited unique advantages such as adaptability and highly efficiency in many nonlinear, nonstationary signals processing applications. It breaks the uncertainty principle limit, but the traditional EMD still has its deficiencies. In this article, we construct a new wavelet which has excellent decomposing-frequency performance and energy concentration, and then an improved EMD method based on this wavelet is presented. Results of numerical simulation show the validity and efficiency of the method proposed in paper are better than traditional one. Furthermore, some foreseeable trends of time-frequency distribution technologies are described. The systems in reality, strictly speaking, tend to non-linear, so most practical signals are non-stationary random signals. Nonlinear, nonstationary signals analysis is a very significant and difficult problem in almost all technical fields such as automation, communication, aerospace- engineering, biomedicine, structural fault diagnosis and so on. Owed to the rapid development of large scale integrated circuit technology and artificial intelligence, the exploration of signal processing theories have got a sharply impetus. A series of new modern signal processing theories and methods have appeared to meet the need of time-frequency joint analysis of nonlinear, non-Gaussian and non-stationary signals, including discrete short-time Fourier transform, wavelet transform, Hilbert-Huang transform and so on. Time-frequency joint analysis can observe the evolution of the signal in the time domain and the frequency domain simultaneously, provide local time-frequency characteristics of the signal.

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