The Stress and Stability Analyses of Railroad Tracks

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Track Structure ◽  
Railroad Track ◽  
Stability Analyses ◽  
Railroad Tracks ◽  
The Stability

The paper presents a survey of the state of knowledge in the fields of stress and stability determination of a railroad track. At first, the evolution of the railroad track structure is briefly summarized. This is followed by sections which discuss the development of the methods for the determination of stresses in the rails and ties, and the stability of the railroad track due to constrained thermal expansions.

scholarly journals Separacja prawna małżeństwa w kontekście nietrwałości małżeństwa ponowoczesnego

2016 ◽  
pp. 249-261
Author(s):  
Urszula Miernik
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Social State ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual

The changes in the postmod­ern world significantly influenced on the marriage and family. Impermanence of the marital bond is the characteristic for contemporary relations in marriage. „Society of risk” puts on the individual the duty of creating his/her own bibliog­raphy and marriage becomes not a con­struct but a process. The object of in­terest of the paper is separation of mar­riage. The name of the phenomena de­scribes the factual and the legal state of the spouses which appeared after the breakdown of the life together. Legal in­stitution of separation is a specific legal figure which, in the perspective of a so­ciety, places the individuals in the state of suspension. Uniqueness of the state reminds the liminal phase distinguished in the process of ceremonies of passage (Arnold van Gennep). Every significant event in the life of a man, it is a passage from one social state to another (which is strictly defined). Liminal stage is a pe­riod of exclusion – to be in the between. Legal separation can be depicted as a pe­riod of some kind of marginalization of an individual. It uniqueness is built on this that an individual can ultimately define himself/herself by restoration of marital life. In this case it will be recon­stitution function of separation. The per­son can take decision about termination of his/her marriage by divorce. There is also possibility of remaining in separa­tion without any determination of the period of its ending. The aim of the pa­per is the try to get the answer on following question: does the institution of sep­aration favour the stability of marriage?

scholarly journals Sustainability of the unit of protective obstacles under the extra load

2021 ◽  
pp. 247-261
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Shapovalov ◽  
Anatolii Kovtun
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
The State ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
The Stability ◽  
External Loads

The article is devoted to the aspects of engineering provision of forces for the state border protection, namely the use of a blocking barrier obstacle to block certain areas of the territory in order to prevent a mass transfer of the state border violators at the border checkpoints or during the cessation of massive disturbances in the border areas. It also deals with the determination of the stability of the blocking barrier obstacle in the process of preparing it for its intended purpose in case of preventing the passage or breakthrough of the crowd on the prohibited areas of the territory. Proceeding from the above presented in the article, the state border guard forces were requested to use a new construction of a barrier, namely: a blocking barrier obstacle to which Ukraine's patents for invention were obtained. The peculiarity of the blocking barrier obstacle is that it consists of hollow connecting elements made of light polymer material. To increase the stability of the blocking barrier in case of external hollow loads, the connecting elements are filled with liquid. Sustainability refers to the ability of the structure to withstand the external loads, capable to shift or overturn them, thus ensuring the increase in the efficiency of the task of preventing passage or breakthrough of violators into the prohibited areas of the territory at the checkpoints. This feature of the blocking barrier obstacle allows construct various design and layout variants, each of which has certain advantages and disadvantages. The article section contains the study of the processes of the external loads influence on the hollow connecting elements of the blocking barrier obstacle on various volumes and ways of filling it with liquid. Mathematical models of the blocking barrier obstacle stability with liquid have been constructed in case of applying external loads. The analysis of theoretical studies results of the external loads influence on the hollow connecting elements of the blocking barrier obstacle has been carried out.

scholarly journals Indigenization of Track Tamping Machines for Indian Railway

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2105-2109
Keyword(s):  
Track Structure ◽  
Railroad Track ◽  
Overhead Lines ◽  
Railroad Tracks ◽  
Rail Line ◽  
Curved Track ◽  
Indian Railway

This paper gives a diagram of significance and advancement of automation of Indian railroad track support and different kinds of packing machines with their particular capacities which are utilized by Indian rail route for track upkeep. Railroad, being more secure and conservative, has been a favored mode for transportation of travelers and products. For long, the support of tracks were done physically, which was man power riched and tedious as well as had other specialist impediments of trouble in dealing with heavier track structure, constrained work window because of higher recurrence of trains, wellbeing of track upkeep faculty, and unpredictable nature of yield among others. Toward the beginning of automation Indian railroad imported the rail packing machine from plasser and theurer which is an Austrian organization. It is the main organization on the planet that gives a scope of packing machines for support of railroad tracks. At first the attention was solely on machines for track laying, track upkeep and estimating work. During the 1980s the range was reached out to incorporate machines for the establishment and support of overhead lines. From most recent couple of years Indian railroad is chipping away at indigenization of packing machines. For making indigenous machines railroad utilize figuring out system .based on sort of the rail line track (straight track, Curved track and point and intersection track) the packing machine is fabricated.

Cracking national integration after the events (the Arab Spring) and its impact On regional stability

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhannad Al Janabi Al Janabi
Keyword(s):  
Arab Spring ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Regional Stability ◽  
National Integration ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Political Media ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Arab Spring

Since late 2010 and early 2011, the Arab region has witnessed mass protests in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Yemen, Iraq, Bahrain and other countries that have been referred to in the political, media and other literature as the Arab Spring. These movements have had a profound effect on the stability of the regimes Which took place against it, as leaders took off and contributed to radical reforms in party structures and public freedoms and the transfer of power, but it also contributed to the occurrence of many countries in an internal spiral, which led to the erosion of the state from the inside until it became a prominent feature of the Arab) as is the case in Syria, Libya, Yemen and Iraq.

IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT DEBT ON FINANCIAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Pikaliuk ◽  
◽  
Dmitry Kovalenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
Debt Security ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

One of the main criteria for economic development is the size of the public debt and its dynamics. The article considers the impact of public debt on the financial security of Ukraine. The views of scientists on the essence of public debt and financial security of the state are substantiated. An analysis of the dynamics and structure of public debt of Ukraine for 2014-2019. It is proved that one of the main criteria for economic development is the size of public debt and its dynamics. State budget deficit, attracting and using loans to cover it have led to the formation and significant growth of public debt in Ukraine. The volume of public debt indicates an increase in the debt security of the state, which is a component of financial security. Therefore, the issue of the impact of public debt on the financial security of Ukraine is becoming increasingly relevant. The constant growth and large amounts of debt make it necessary to study it, which will have a positive impact on economic processes that will ensure the stability of the financial system and enhance its security.

Determining the Norton’s Equivalent Model of Distribution System with Distributed Generation (DG) for Stability Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-198
Author(s):  
Sunny Katyara ◽  
Lukasz Staszewski ◽  
Faheem Akhtar Chachar
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Equivalent Model ◽  
Stability Factor ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Issues

Background: Since the distribution networks are passive until Distributed Generation (DG) is not being installed into them, the stability issues occur in the distribution system after the integration of DG. Methods: In order to assure the simplicity during the calculations, many approximations have been proposed for finding the system’s parameters i.e. Voltage, active and reactive powers and load angle, more efficiently and accurately. This research presents an algorithm for finding the Norton’s equivalent model of distribution system with DG, considering from receiving end. Norton’s model of distribution system can be determined either from its complete configuration or through an algorithm using system’s voltage and current profiles. The algorithm involves the determination of derivative of apparent power against the current (dS/dIL) of the system. Results: This work also verifies the accuracy of proposed algorithm according to the relative variations in the phase angle of system’s impedance. This research also considers the varying states of distribution system due to switching in and out of DG and therefore Norton’s model needs to be updated accordingly. Conclusion: The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is verified through MATLAB simulation results under two scenarios, (i) normal condition and (ii) faulty condition. During normal condition, the stability factor near to 1 and change in dS/dIL was near to 0 while during fault condition, the stability factor was higher than 1 and the value of dS/dIL was away from 0.

Synthesis and solvatochromic studies of 2- amino-3-phenolazo1-(4-sulfophenyl)-3-methyi-5-pyrozolone and use it for the determination of trace amount of Nickel (II) in blood samples

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4920
Author(s):  
Amar M. Ali ◽  
Hussain. J. Mohammed*
Keyword(s):  
Stability Constant ◽  
Trace Amount ◽  
Benzenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Determination Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Determination Of Nickel ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Normal Human Blood

A new, simple, sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of trace amount of Nickel (II). The method is based on the formation of a 1:2 complex with 4-(4-((2-hydroxy-6-nitrophenyl) diazenyl) -3-methyl-5-oxo-2, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) benzenesulfonic acid (2-ANASP) as a new reagent is developed. The complex has a maximum absorption at 516 nm and εmax of 1. 84 X 105 L. mol-1. cm-1. A linear correlation (0. 25 – 4. 0μg. ml-1) was found between absorbance at λmax and concentration. The accuracy and reproducibility of the determination method for various known amounts of Nickel (II) were tested. The results obtained are both precise (RSD was 1. 2 %) and accurate (relative error was 0. 787 %). The effect of diverse ions on the determination of Nickel (II) to investigate the selectivity of the method were also studied. The stability constant of the product was 0. 399 X 106 L. mol-1. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of diabetes blood and normal human blood. 

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