Biofabrication of Multimaterial Three-Dimensional Constructs Embedded With Patterned Alginate Strands Encapsulating PC12 Neural Cell Lines

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Dreher ◽  
Binil Starly
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
High Cell ◽  
Polymer Extrusion ◽  
Hybrid Construct ◽  
Neural Cell Lines ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, we report the bioprinting of a three-dimensional (3D) heterogeneous conduit structure encapsulating PC12 neural cells. A core–shell-based hybrid construct is fabricated by combining electrospinning, polymer extrusion, and cell-based bioprinting processes to create a multiscale and multimaterial conduit structure. PC12 nerve cells were shown to be printed with high cell viability (>95%) and to proliferate within the rolled construct at a rate consistent with traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have also shown encapsulation of cells within the printed alginate gel and an even cell distribution throughout the heterogeneous cellular construct.

Crystallization Time Dependence of Nanohybrid Shish-Kebab Structure in HDPE/PA66 Nanofibers Composites via Solution Crystallization

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 3786-3790
Author(s):  
Wen Juan Han ◽  
Guo Qiang Zheng ◽  
Yan Yan Liang ◽  
Chun Tai Liu ◽  
Chang Yu Shen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Isothermal Crystallization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Crystallization Time ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Solution Crystallization ◽  
Dimensional Growth ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, PA66 nanofibers were successfully solution electrospun. The crystalline morphological features of HDPE solution induced by nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nanohybrid shish-kebab (NHSK) can be formed in HDPE solution via isothermal crystallization, in which PA66 nanofibers serve as shish and HDPE lamellae act as kebabs surrounding the nanofibers periodically. Additionally, crystallization time has significant effect on the structure of HDPE kebab in NHSK, i.e., as crystallization time increases, the size of the kebab increases and the crystals decorated on PA66 nanofibers exhibit a three-dimensional growth (i.e., aggregate of crystallites) rather than a two-dimensional one (i.e., disc-like lamellae normal to the axis of nanofiber).

scholarly journals Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye in the Presence of Visible Light Using SiO2@α-Fe2O3 Nanocomposites Deposited on SnS2 Flowers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridharan Balu ◽  
Kasimayan Uma ◽  
Guan-Ting Pan ◽  
Thomas C.-K. Yang ◽  
Sayee Kannan Ramaraj
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Semiconductor Materials ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Methylene Blue Dye ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Semiconductor materials have been shown to have better photocatalytic behavior and can be utilized for the photodegradation of organic pollutants. In this work, three-dimensional flower-like SnS2 were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. Core-shell structured SiO2@α-Fe2O3 nanocomposites were then deposited on the top of the SnS2 flowers. The as-synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The photocatalytic behavior of the SnS2-SiO2@α-Fe2O3 nanocomposites was observed by observing the degradation of methylene blue (MB). The results show an effective enhancement of photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MB especially for the 15 wt. % SiO2@α-Fe2O3 nanocomposites on SnS2 flowers.

Upscaling Reservoir Rock Porosity by Fractal Dimension Using Three-Dimensional Micro-Computed Tomography and Two-Dimensional Scanning Electron Microscope Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jawad Munawar ◽  
Sandra Vega ◽  
Chengyan Lin ◽  
Mohammad Alsuwaidi ◽  
Naveed Ahsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Sandstone Sample ◽  
The Core ◽  
Carbonate Sample ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Scaling porosity of sedimentary rocks from the scale of measurement to the scale of interest is still a challenge. Upscaling of porosity can assist to accurately predict other petrophysical properties of rock at multiple scales. In this study, we use the two-dimensional (2D) scanning electron microscope (SEM) and three-dimensional (3D) X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) image to upscale porosity from the image scale to the core plug scale. A systematic imaging plan is deployed to capture rock properties of a carbonate and a sandstone sample, which are sensitive to the fractal nature of these rocks. Image analysis records wider pore spectrum (0.12–50 µm) in the carbonate sample than in sandstone (0.12–30 µm). The fractal dimensions are also higher in the carbonate than in the sandstone sample. Median, volume-weighted average of pore radius, and fractal dimensions derived from the image analysis are used as inputs in this equation. The results of the present study using this equation yielded to the best results on a resolution of 2.5 µm/voxel in the sandstone and 2.01 µm/voxel resolution in the carbonate sample for 3D micro-CT images, where fractal-scaling porosity matches well with the porosity measured at the core plug scale. The 2D SEM images provided a good estimation of porosity in the sandstone sample, where micro-CT imaging techniques could not capture the full pore spectrum. The fractal porosity equation showed promising results and offers a potential alternative way to estimate porosity when there are no routine core measurements available.

Design and fabrication of hollow and filled graphene-based polymeric spheres via core–shell electrospraying

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (111) ◽  
pp. 91147-91157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Haghighi Poudeh ◽  
Burcu Saner Okan ◽  
Jamal Seyyed Monfared Zanjani ◽  
Mehmet Yildiz ◽  
Yusuf Menceloglu
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Step ◽  
Graphene Oxide Sheets

Two dimensional graphene oxide sheets are converted into three dimensional (3D) hollow and filled microspheres by using three different carrying polymers through one-step core–shell electrospraying technique without applying any post treatments.

Quantitative Three-Dimensional Characterization of the Morphology of Stressed and Electromigrated Aluminum Lines

1995 ◽  
Vol 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
George O. Ramseyer ◽  
Joseph V. Beasock ◽  
Herbert F. Helbig ◽  
Lois H. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Anodic Side ◽  
Void Volumes ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe volumes of slit, edge, erosion and erosion/slit voids in stressed and electromigrated aluminum conductor lines were quantitatively determined with low resolution standard and high resolution enhanced tips by atomic force microscopy. These three-dimensional results were compared to semiquantitative determinations of void volumes extrapolated from two-dimensional backscattered scanning electron microscopy area determinations of the passivated aluminum conductor. After the passivation was removed by plasma etching, void volumes were also determined from two-dimensional scanning electron microscopy micrographs. The volumes of the nearest hillocks on the anodic side of the voids were quantitatively determined by atomic force microscopy, and these hillock volumes were determined to be independent of the respective void volumes.

Scanning and Transmission Microscopy of Nematocyst Batteries in Epitheliomuscular Cells of Hydra

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 410-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Westfall ◽  
S. Yamataka ◽  
Paul D. Enos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides three dimensional details of external surface structures and supplements ultrastructural information provided by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Animals composed of watery jellylike tissues such as hydras and other coelenterates have not been considered suitable for SEM studies because of the difficulty in preserving such organisms in a normal state. This study demonstrates 1) the successful use of SEM on such tissue, and 2) the unique arrangement of batteries of nematocysts within large epitheliomuscular cells on tentacles of Hydra littoralis.Whole specimens of Hydra were prepared for SEM (Figs. 1 and 2) by the fix, freeze-dry, coat technique of Small and Màrszalek. The specimens were fixed in osmium tetroxide and mercuric chloride, freeze-dried in vacuo on a prechilled 1 Kg brass block, and coated with gold-palladium. Tissues for TEM (Figs. 3 and 4) were fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide. Scanning micrographs were taken on a Cambridge Stereoscan Mark II A microscope at 10 KV and transmission micrographs were taken on an RCA EMU 3G microscope (Fig. 3) or on a Hitachi HU 11B microscope (Fig. 4).

High Resolution Microscopy of Multi-Layered Biological Crystals

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
H.A. Cohen ◽  
T.W. Jeng ◽  
W. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Density Maps ◽  
Density Map ◽  
Complex Crystal ◽  
High Resolution Microscopy

This tutorial will discuss the methodology of low dose electron diffraction and imaging of crystalline biological objects, the problems of data interpretation for two-dimensional projected density maps of glucose embedded protein crystals, the factors to be considered in combining tilt data from three-dimensional crystals, and finally, the prospects of achieving a high resolution three-dimensional density map of a biological crystal. This methodology will be illustrated using two proteins under investigation in our laboratory, the T4 DNA helix destabilizing protein gp32*I and the crotoxin complex crystal.

Instrumentation For Quantitative Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
B. Ralph ◽  
A.R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Phase Volume Fraction ◽  
Statistical Confidence ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Automatic Data Collection ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure

In all fields of microscopy there is an increasing interest in the quantification of microstructure. This interest may stem from a desire to establish quality control parameters or may have a more fundamental requirement involving the derivation of parameters which partially or completely define the three dimensional nature of the microstructure. This latter categorey of study may arise from an interest in the evolution of microstructure or from a desire to generate detailed property/microstructure relationships. In the more fundamental studies some convolution of two-dimensional data into the third dimension (stereological analysis) will be necessary.In some cases the two-dimensional data may be acquired relatively easily without recourse to automatic data collection and further, it may prove possible to perform the data reduction and analysis relatively easily. In such cases the only recourse to machines may well be in establishing the statistical confidence of the resultant data. Such relatively straightforward studies tend to result from acquiring data on the whole assemblage of features making up the microstructure. In this field data mode, when parameters such as phase volume fraction, mean size etc. are sought, the main case for resorting to automation is in order to perform repetitive analyses since each analysis is relatively easily performed.

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