First Principle Based Control Oriented Gasoline Engine Model Including Lumped Cylinder Dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Yar ◽  
A. I. Bhatti ◽  
Qadeer Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

A novel first principle based control oriented model of a gasoline engine is proposed which also carries diagnostic capabilities. Unlike existing control oriented models, the formulated model reflects dynamics of the faultless as well as faulty engine with high fidelity. In the proposed model, the torque production subsystem is obtained by integration of further two subsystems that is model of a single cylinder torque producing mechanism and an analytical gasoline engine cylinder pressure model. Model of a single cylinder torque producing mechanism is derived using constrained equation of motion (EOM) in Lagrangian mechanics. While cylinder pressure is evaluated using a closed form parametric analytical gasoline engine cylinder pressure model. Novel attributes of the proposed model include minimal usage of empirical relations and relatively wider region of model validity. Additionally, the model provides model based description of crankshaft angular speed fluctuations and tension in the rigid bodies. Capacity of the model to describe the system dynamics under fault conditions is elaborated with case study of an intermittent misfire condition. Model attains new capabilities based on the said novel attributes. The model is successfully validated against experimental data.

First Principle-Based Control Oriented Model of a Gasoline Engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Yar ◽  
A. I. Bhatti ◽  
Qadeer Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Suitable Form ◽  
Speed Fluctuations ◽  
The Mathematical Model

A first principle based-control oriented gasoline engine model is proposed that is based on the mathematical model of the actual piston and crankshaft mechanism. Unlike conventional mean value engine models (MVEMs), which involve approximating the torque production mechanism with a volumetric pump, the proposed model obviates this rather over-simplistic assumption. The alleviation of this assumption leads to the additional features in the model such as crankshaft speed fluctuations and tension in bodies forming the mechanism. The torque production dynamics are derived through Lagrangian mechanics. The derived equations are reduced to a suitable form that can be easily used in the control-oriented model. As a result, the abstraction level is greatly reduced between the engine system and the mathematical model. The proposed model is validated successfully against a commercially available 1.3 L gasoline engine. Being a transparent and more capable model, the proposed model can offer better insight into the engine dynamics, improved control design and diagnosis solutions, and that too, in a unified framework.

Cylinder Pressure Reconstruction From Crankshaft Speed Measurement in a Four-Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinu Taraza ◽  
Naeim A. Henein ◽  
Mangesh J. Gade ◽  
Walter Bryzik
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Pressure Variation ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Lumped Mass ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Steady State Operation ◽  
Speed Fluctuation ◽  
Harmonic Components

In a single cylinder engine, the speed fluctuation during steady state operation of the engine is influenced only by the cylinder pressure variation, the engine friction and the dynamics of the crankshaft. This dependency is used to explore the capacity of the lumped mass model of the crankshaft to correctly represent its dynamics. Based on this model, the paper establishes the relationship between the cylinder pressure variation and the crankshaft speed fluctuation for steady state operation of the single cylinder diesel engine. Correlations are determined between the harmonic components of the tangential gas-pressure and the harmonic components of the angular speed of the free end of the crankshaft. These correlations are used to predict the angular speed variation of the crankshaft, when the cylinder pressure variation is known, or to reconstruct the cylinder pressure when the crankshaft speed fluctuation is known. The reverse calculation of the pressure variation from the measured crankshaft speed is strongly influenced by the elastic characteristics of the crankshaft. If the stiffness of the crankshaft is not accurately determined, the results are significantly distorted.

Cyclic torque imbalance detection in gasoline engines using a uniform second-order sliding mode observer

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (13) ◽  
pp. 3515-3527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raheel Anjum ◽  
Aamer Iqbal Bhatti ◽  
Ahmed Yar ◽  
Qadeer Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Sliding Mode Observer ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Second Order Sliding Mode

Engine torque imbalance is a wide-ranging problem which is caused due to variance of the combustion mixture in the engine cylinder. In this research work, cyclic torque imbalance detection is carried out by formulating a uniform second-order sliding mode observer using the First Principle–based Engine Model. Oscillations in the crankshaft angular speed were modeled in the novel First Principle–based Engine Model, which were suppressed in the Mean Value Engine Models. Cyclic torque imbalance is simulated at multiple instances by varying the injected fuel mass. Estimation of the net piston force is carried out for cyclic torque imbalance detection using rotational dynamics of the engine model. This force is treated as unknown input to the torque production subsystem of the model. Cyclic torque imbalance detection is validated using the GT-Power engine model. Variations in the cyclic torque were detected proximate to actual values which demonstrated validity of the proposed technique.

Model Based Unified Framework for Detection and Mitigation of Cyclic Torque Imbalance in a Gasoline Engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raheel Anjum ◽  
Ahmed Yar ◽  
Ghulam Murtaza ◽  
Qadeer Ahmed ◽  
Aamer Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Engine Speed ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Model Based

Abstract The torque produced by the internal combustion engine is desired to be of similar value for consecutive combustion cycles; nevertheless, the difference occurs in the cyclic torque due to disturbances in its generation. The variation between output work of successive combustion cycles is considered as the main cause of imbalance in the cyclic torque. Such variations are displayed in engine output torque and affect its fuel efficiency as well as exhaust emissions. In this paper, a model based unified framework is proposed for the detection and mitigation of cyclic toque imbalance in gasoline engines. First Principle Based Engine Model (FPEM) is employed to develop the proposed novel framework. Fault in fuel injection subsystem is induced to generate an imbalance in the cyclic torque. Uniform Second Order Sliding Mode (USOSM) observer is applied for the estimation of the unknown input i.e. net piston force from engine speed dynamics to detect the imbalance in cyclic torque. Estimated net piston force is employed to design the control law for Certainty Equivalence Super Twisting Algorithm (CESTA) based Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) technique to mitigate the torque imbalance. First Principle Based Engine Model is transformed to get a direct relation between engine speed and fuel input. Results of numerical simulation demonstrated that the desired objective is achieved by the proposed unified framework.

Diesel Engine Working Cycle Utilizing Artificial Intelligent Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 490-491 ◽  
pp. 1057-1062
Author(s):  
Marwa Ahmed Abd-El Hamied
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Artificial Intelligent ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Working Cycle ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

In this paper a new technique is designed to build a model concerning cylinder pressure in diesel engine. The concept is to build a working cycle model utilizing artificial intelligent system. Artificial Immunity System (AIS) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are proposed as a new approach that can be used to simulate cylinder pressure for different crankshaft speed and loads. Experimental test results of diesel engine model (AD3.152 UR) are used to train AIS system and ANN. The proposed model succeeded to provide reliable result and prove to be useful in evaluating the quality of working cycle in diesel engine.

Efficiency scaling method of gasoline engines for different geometries and the application in hybrid vehicle simulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 732-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Hamann ◽  
Daniel Münning ◽  
Philip Gorzalka ◽  
Michael Zillmer ◽  
Peter Eilts
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Hybrid Vehicle ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
Efficiency Map ◽  
The Impact

This work presents a scalable model of a naturally aspirated gasoline engine forecasting the effective efficiency map for varying cylinder displacements. Engine test bench measurements and a global nonlinear hybrid optimization method were used to calibrate the engine model. The validation showed a good prediction of engine efficiency by the scaling model with a mean error of 2% compared with the measurements. A pure scaling of the cylinder displacement led to overall small changes in the effective engine efficiency map. In addition to the development of a scalable engine model, a forward-looking hybrid vehicle simulation model was used in order to evaluate the impact of different engine cylinder displacements on fuel consumption. For this purpose, simulations for varying cylinder displacements were performed in a series–parallel hybrid drivetrain of an A-class vehicle in two driving cycles. The simulation results showed a small influence of different engine cylinder displacements on fuel consumption for the given configuration.

PID-LIKE FLC FOR FOUR CYLINDERS MEAN VALUE GASOLINE ENGINE MODEL IN IDLE MODE

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 114-130
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hassan ◽  
◽  
Muslim Abdali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Idle Mode ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Four Cylinders

scholarly journals Engine Malfunctioning Conditions Identification through Instantaneous Crankshaft Torque Measurement Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3522
Author(s):  
Konstantinos-Marios Tsitsilonis ◽  
Gerasimos Theotokatos
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
Start Of Injection ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Diagnostic Measurement ◽  
The Relationship

In this study a coupled thermodynamics and crankshaft dynamics model of a large two-stroke diesel engine was utilised, to map the relationship of the engine Instantaneous Crankshaft Torque (ICT) with the following frequently occurring malfunctioning conditions: (a) change in Start of Injection (SOI), (b) change in Rate of Heat Release (RHR), (c) change in scavenge air pressure, and (d) blowby. This was performed using frequency analysis on the engine ICT, which was obtained through a series of parametric runs of the coupled engine model, under the various malfunctioning and healthy operating conditions. This process demonstrated that engine ICT can be successfully utilised to identify the distinct effects of malfunctions (c) or (d), as they occur individually in any cylinder. Furthermore by using the same process, malfunctions (a) and (b) can be identified as they occur individually for any cylinder, however there is no distinct effect on the engine ICT among these malfunctions, since their effect on the in-cylinder pressure is similar. As a result, this study demonstrates the usefulness of the engine ICT as a non-intrusive diagnostic measurement, as well as the benefits of malfunctioning conditions mapping, which allows for quick and less resource intensive identification of engine malfunctions.

Modeling and validation of crankshaft speed fluctuations of a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110262
Author(s):  
Mustafa Babagiray ◽  
Hamit Solmaz ◽  
Duygu İpci ◽  
Fatih Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Mass Motion ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Motion Equations ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Mass Moment ◽  
Mass Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Speed Fluctuations

In this study, a dynamic model of a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine has been created, and the crankshaft speed fluctuations have been simulated and validated. The dynamic model of the engine consists of the motion equations of the piston, conrod, and crankshaft. Conrod motion was modeled by two translational and one angular motion equations, by considering the kinetic energy resulted from the mass moment of inertia and conrod mass. Motion equations involve in-cylinder gas pressure forces, hydrodynamic and dry friction, mass inertia moments of moving parts, starter moment, and external load moment. The In-cylinder pressure profile used in the model was obtained experimentally to increase the accuracy of the model. Pressure profiles were expressed mathematically using the Fourier series. The motion equations were solved by using the Taylor series method. The solution of the mathematical model was performed by coding in the MATLAB interface. Cyclic speed fluctuations obtained from the model were compared with experimental results and found compitable. A validated model was used to analyze the effects of in-cylinder pressure, mass moment of inertia of crankshaft and connecting rod, friction, and piston mass. In experiments for 1500, 1800, 2400, and 2700 rpm engine speeds, crankshaft speed fluctuations were observed as 12.84%, 8.04%, 5.02%, and 4.44%, respectively. In simulations performed for the same speeds, crankshaft speed fluctuations were calculated as 10.45%, 7.56%, 4.49%, and 3.65%. Besides, it was observed that the speed fluctuations decreased as the average crankshaft speed value increased. In the simulation for 157.07, 188.49, 219.91, 251.32, and 282.74 rad/s crankshaft speeds, crankshaft speed fluctuations occurred at rates of 10.45%, 7.56%, 5.84%, 4.49%, and 3.65%, respectively. The effective engine power was achieved as 5.25 kW at an average crankshaft angular speed of 219.91 rad/s. The power of friction loss in the engine was determined as 0.68 kW.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Ethanol, Methanol, and Butanol Blending with Gasoline and Its Effect on Engine Performance and Emissions Using Engine Simulation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Simeon Iliev
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Engine Simulation ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Blended Fuels

Air pollution, especially in large cities around the world, is associated with serious problems both with people’s health and the environment. Over the past few years, there has been a particularly intensive demand for alternatives to fossil fuels, because when they are burned, substances that pollute the environment are released. In addition to the smoke from fuels burned for heating and harmful emissions that industrial installations release, the exhaust emissions of vehicles create a large share of the fossil fuel pollution. Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional and advanced fuels, are derived from resources other than fossil fuels. Because alcoholic fuels have several physical and propellant properties similar to those of gasoline, they can be considered as one of the alternative fuels. Alcoholic fuels or alcohol-blended fuels may be used in gasoline engines to reduce exhaust emissions. This study aimed to develop a gasoline engine model to predict the influence of different types of alcohol-blended fuels on performance and emissions. For the purpose of this study, the AVL Boost software was used to analyse characteristics of the gasoline engine when operating with different mixtures of ethanol, methanol, butanol, and gasoline (by volume). Results obtained from different fuel blends showed that when alcohol blends were used, brake power decreased and the brake specific fuel consumption increased compared to when using gasoline, and CO and HC concentrations decreased as the fuel blends percentage increased.

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