Design of Microfabricated Mechanically Interlocking Metamaterials for Reworkable Heterogeneous Integration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Garcia ◽  
Kody Wakumoto ◽  
Joseph Brown
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Models ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Heterogeneous Integration ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
Mechanical Metamaterials ◽  
Dry Adhesives ◽  
Cantilever Array ◽  
Mechanical Bonding ◽  
Interconnect Technology

Abstract Next–generation interconnects utilizing mechanically interlocking structures enable permanent and reworkable joints between microelectronic devices. Mechanical metamaterials, specifically dry adhesives, are an active area of research which allows for the joining of objects without traditional fasteners or adhesives, and in the case of chip integration, without solder. This paper focuses on reworkable joints that enable chips to be removed from their substrates to support reusable device prototyping and packaging, creating the possibility for eventual pick-and-place mechanical bonding of chips with no additional bonding steps required. Analytical models are presented and are verified through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) assuming pure elastic behavior. Sliding contact conditions in FEA simplify consideration of several design variations but contribute ~10% uncertainty relative to experiment, analysis, and point-loaded FEA. Two designs are presented; arrays of flat cantilevers have a bond strength of 6.3 kPa, and non-flat cantilevers have a strength of 29 kPa. Interlocking designs present self-aligning in-plane forces that emerge from translational perturbation from perfect alignment. Stresses exceeding the material yield stress during adhesion operations present a greater concern for repeatable operation of compliant interlocking joints and will require further study quantifying and accommodating plastic deformation. Designs joining a rigid array with a complementary compliant cantilever array preserve the condition of reworkability for the surface presenting the rigid array. Eventual realization of interconnect technology based on this study will provide a great improvement of functionality and adaptability in heterogeneous integration and microdevice packaging.

scholarly journals 3D Finite Element Analysis of Rotary Instruments in Root Canal Dentine with Different Elastic Moduli

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Prati ◽  
João Paulo Mendes Tribst ◽  
Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva ◽  
Alexandre Luiz Souto Borges ◽  
Maurizio Ventre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Von Mises

The aim of the present investigation was to calculate the stress distribution generated in the root dentine canal during mechanical rotation of five different NiTi endodontic instruments by means of a finite element analysis (FEA). Two conventional alloy NiTi instruments F360 25/04 and F6 Skytaper 25/06, in comparison to three heat treated alloys NiTI Hyflex CM 25/04, Protaper Next 25/06 and One Curve 25/06 were considered and analyzed. The instruments’ flexibility (reaction force) and geometrical features (cross section, conicity) were previously investigated. For each instrument, dentine root canals with two different elastic moduli(18 and 42 GPa) were simulated with defined apical ratios. Ten different CAD instrument models were created and their mechanical behaviors were analyzed by a 3D-FEA. Static structural analyses were performed with a non-failure condition, since a linear elastic behavior was assumed for all components. All the instruments generated a stress area concentration in correspondence to the root canal curvature at approx. 7 mm from the apex. The maximum values were found when instruments were analyzed in the highest elastic modulus dentine canal. Strain and von Mises stress patterns showed a higher concentration in the first part of curved radius of all the instruments. Conventional Ni-Ti endodontic instruments demonstrated higher stress magnitudes, regardless of the conicity of 4% and 6%, and they showed the highest von Mises stress values in sound, as well as in mineralized dentine canals. Heat-treated endodontic instruments with higher flexibility values showed a reduced stress concentration map. Hyflex CM 25/04 displayed the lowest von Mises stress values of, respectively, 35.73 and 44.30 GPa for sound and mineralized dentine. The mechanical behavior of all rotary endodontic instruments was influenced by the different elastic moduli and by the dentine canal rigidity.

Novel Trapezoidal-Loop Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 402-406
Author(s):  
Bing Jiang ◽  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Xiao Hui Xu ◽  
Mao Sheng Ding ◽  
Ye Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Loop Structure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
First Order ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

In recent years, piezoelectric energy harvester which can replace the traditional battery supply has become a hot topic in global research field of microelectronic devices. Characteristics of a trapezoidal-loop piezoelectric energy harvester (TLPEH) were analyzed through finite-element analysis. The output voltage density is 4.251V/cm2 when 0.1N force is applied to the free end of ten-arm energy harvester. Comparisons of the resonant frequencies and output voltages were made. The first order resonant frequency could reach 15Hz by increasing the number of arms. Meanwhile, the output voltage is improved greatly when excited at first-order resonant frequencies. The trapezoidal-loop structure of TLPEH could enhance frequency response, which means scavenging energy more efficiently in vibration environment. The TLPEH mentioned here might be useful for the future structure design of piezoelectric energy harvester with low resonance frequency.

Determination of mechanical parameters for rotating MEMS structures as a function of deposition method

2003 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Soare ◽  
S. J. Bull ◽  
A. Oila ◽  
A. G. O'Neill ◽  
N. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creep Behaviour ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Deposition Method ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Microelectronic Devices ◽  
Micro Sensor ◽  
Geometrical Dimensions ◽  
Modelling Data

ABSTRACTThe dimensions of microelectronic devices are constantly being reduced due to the increasing operational demands imposed such as higher working frequencies, higher component density and lower power consumption. This affects the geometrical dimensions of the metallisation, i.e. its width and thickness. The mechanical properties of very thin films are considerably different from those of bulk materials and, also, the deposition method may influence the mechanical behaviour of the components. In order to obtain reliable metallisation it is therefore important to assess accurately the mechanical parameters of the interconnecting lines. As part of designing, developing and manufacturing of a stress micro-sensor there is a need to extract properties useful for performance prediction such as yield stress or creep relaxation behaviour. Part of the data may be obtained by nanoindentation but to have a more complete view, finite element analysis of the indentation cycle has to be employed. In this study nanoindentation testing was carried out at various depths on sputtered and evaporated aluminium layers with different thicknesses deposited on (100) silicon. The loading curves were then simulated by FEA and the results compared to identify the yield properties of the coating. Modelling data for thicker samples closely follows experimental data but for thinner coatings there is a considerable gradient in properties through the film thickness. By incorporating a peak load hold the creep behaviour of the metallization can also be assessed and modelling parameters developed.

Updating of Non-Conservative Systems Using Inverse Methods

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Starek ◽  
Milos Musil ◽  
Daniel J. Inman
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Eigenvalue Problems ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Modal Data

Abstract Several incompatibilities exist between analytical models and experimentally obtained data for many systems. In particular finite element analysis (FEA) modeling often produces analytical modal data that does not agree with measured modal data from experimental modal analysis (EMA). These two methods account for the majority of activity in vibration modeling used in industry. The existence of these discrepancies has spanned the discipline of model updating as summarized in the review articles by Inman (1990), Imregun (1991), and Friswell (1995). In this situation the analytical model is characterized by a large number of degrees of freedom (and hence modes), ad hoc damping mechanisms and real eigenvectors (mode shapes). The FEM model produces a mass, damping and stiffness matrix which is numerically solved for modal data consisting of natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios. Common practice is to compare this analytically generated modal data with natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios obtained from EMA. The EMA data is characterized by a small number of modes, incomplete and complex mode shapes and non proportional damping. It is very common in practice for this experimentally obtained modal data to be in minor disagreement with the analytically derived modal data. The point of view taken is that the analytical model is in error and must be refined or corrected based on experimented data. The approach proposed here is to use the results of inverse eigenvalue problems to develop methods for model updating for damped systems. The inverse problem has been addressed by Lancaster and Maroulas (1987), Starek and Inman (1992,1993,1994,1997) and is summarized for undamped systems in the text by Gladwell (1986). There are many sophisticated model updating methods available. The purpose of this paper is to introduce using inverse eigenvalues calculated as a possible approach to solving the model updating problem. The approach is new and as such many of the practical and important issues of noise, incomplete data, etc. are not yet resolved. Hence, the method introduced here is only useful for low order lumped parameter models of the type used for machines rather than structures. In particular, it will be assumed that the entries and geometry of the lumped components is also known.

Stiffness prediction of 3D printed fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-555
Author(s):  
Jin Young Choi ◽  
Mark Timothy Kortschot
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Extrusion Direction ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Flat Plates ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose The purpose of this study is to confirm that the stiffness of fused filament fabrication (FFF) three-dimensionally (3D) printed fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (FRP) materials can be predicted using classical laminate theory (CLT), and to subsequently use the model to demonstrate its potential to improve the mechanical properties of FFF 3D printed parts intended for load-bearing applications. Design/methodology/approach The porosity and the fiber orientation in specimens printed with carbon fiber reinforced filament were calculated from micro-computed tomography (µCT) images. The infill portion of the sample was modeled using CLT, while the perimeter contour portion was modeled with a rule of mixtures (ROM) approach. Findings The µCT scan images showed that a low porosity of 0.7 ± 0.1% was achieved, and the fibers were highly oriented in the filament extrusion direction. CLT and ROM were effective analytical models to predict the elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of FFF 3D printed FRP laminates. Research limitations/implications In this study, the CLT model was only used to predict the properties of flat plates. Once the in-plane properties are known, however, they can be used in a finite element analysis to predict the behavior of plate and shell structures. Practical implications By controlling the raster orientation, the mechanical properties of a FFF part can be optimized for the intended application. Originality/value Before this study, CLT had not been validated for FFF 3D printed FRPs. CLT can be used to help designers tailor the raster pattern of each layer for specific stiffness requirements.

scholarly journals Multi-Physical Design and Resonant Controller Based Trajectory Tracking of the Electromagnetically Driven Fast Tool Servo

Actuators ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Imran Hussain ◽  
Wei Xia ◽  
Dongpo Zhao ◽  
Peng Huang ◽  
Zhiwei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Trajectory Tracking ◽  
Voice Coil Motor ◽  
Diamond Turning ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Fast Tool Servo ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Resonant Controller

In this paper, a voice coil motor (VCM) actuated fast tool servo (FTS) system is developed for diamond turning. To guide motions of the VCM actuator, a crossed double parallelogram flexure mechanism is selected featuring totally symmetric structure with high lateral stiffness. To facilitate the determination of the multi-physical parameters, analytical models of both electromagnetic and mechanical systems are developed. The designed FTS with balanced stroke and natural frequency is then verified through the finite element analysis. Finally, the prototype of the VCM actuated FTS is fabricated and experimentally demonstrated to achieve a stroke of ±59.02 μm and a first natural frequency of 253 Hz. By constructing a closed-loop control using proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller with the internal-model based resonant controller, the error for tracking a harmonic trajectory with ±10 μm amplitude and 120 Hz frequency is obtained to be ±0.2 μm, demonstrating the capability of the FTS for high accuracy trajectory tracking.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of Pressureless Sintered Micron Silver Joints and Simulation Analysis of Elasticity Degradation in Deep Space Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6368
Author(s):  
Wendi Guo ◽  
Guicui Fu ◽  
Bo Wan ◽  
Ming Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Effective Elastic Modulus ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Element Analysis

With excellent economy and properties, pressureless sintered micron silver has been regarded as an environmentally friendly interconnection material. In order to promote its reliable application in deep space exploration considering the porous microstructural evolution and its effect on macroscopic performance, simulation analysis based on the reconstruction of pressureless sintered micron silver joints was carried out. In this paper, the deep space environment was achieved by a test of 250 extreme thermal shocks of −170 °C~125 °C, and the microstructural evolution was observed by using SEM. Taking advantage of the morphology autocorrelation function, three-dimensional models of the random-distribution medium consistent with SEM images were reconstructed, and utilized in further Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of material effective elastic modulus through a transfer procedure. Compared with test results and two analytical models, the good consistency of the prediction results proves that the proposed method is reliable. Through analyzing the change in autocorrelation functions, the microstructural evolution with increasing shocks was quantitively characterized. Mechanical response characteristics in FEA were discussed. Moreover, the elasticity degradation was noticed and the mechanism in this special environment was clarified.

MICROSTRUCTURE BASED FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF PARTICLE FILLED POLYMER COMPOSITE

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-690
Author(s):  
S. Supriya ◽  
J. Selwinrajadurai ◽  
P. Anshul
Keyword(s):  
Effective Properties ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Heterogeneous Material ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Filled Polymer ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
Predicted Values

Particle filled polymer composites are widely used because of its tailor-made properties and ease of manufacturability. Existing micro mechanical models to characterize heterogeneous material are based on the Representative Volume Element (RVE). The assumptions made in the RVE model, play a crucial role in the exact prediction of effective properties of the composites. In this work, microstructure based RVE is utilized to predict the effective properties of Solid Glass Microsphere (SGM) filled epoxy composite. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image obtained from the specimens fabricated at different loading fractions is processed in MATLAB. Canny edge detection algorithm is utilized for processing the images. The random dispersion of the particle is exactly modeled in ANSYS from the MATLAB output. The effective Young’s modulus of the SGM filled epoxy composite is determined. The numerically predicted values are compared with the experimental value and analytical models.

scholarly journals Design of a 3-RPR Flexure System for Optical Switch Assembly

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Guiyue Kou ◽  
Mouyou Lin ◽  
Changbao Chu
Keyword(s):  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Optical Switch ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Assembly System ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Damping Force ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Compact Size

In the MEMS optical switch assembly, the collision is likely to happen between the optical fiber and the U-groove of the chip due to the uncontrollable assembly errors. However, these errors can hardly be completely eliminated by the active control using high precision sensors and actuators. It will cause the large acting force and part damage, which further leads to the assembly failure. To solve this question, this paper presents a novel low-cost three-degree-of-freedom (three-DOF) passive flexure system to adaptively eliminate the planar assembly errors. The flexure system adopts three parallel kinematic chains with a novel 3-RPR structure and has a compact size with a diameter of 125 mm and thickness of 12 mm. A novel eddy current damper with the structure of Halbach array permanent magnets (PMs) is utilized to suppress the adverse mechanical vibration of the assembly system from the background disturbances. Analytical models are established to analyze the kinematic, static, and dynamic performances of the system in detail. Finally, finite element analysis is adopted to verify the established models for optimum design. The flexure system can generate a large deformation of 1.02 mm along the two translational directions and 0.02° along the rotational direction below the yield state of the material, and it has much higher natural frequencies than 200 Hz. Moreover, the large damping force means that the designed ECD can suppress the system vibration quickly. The above results indicate the excellent characteristics of the assembly system that will be applied into the optical switch assembly.

scholarly journals Fluid-structure interaction of heart valve dynamics in comparison to finite-element analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finja Borowski ◽  
Michael Sämann ◽  
Sylvia Pfensig ◽  
Carolin Wüstenhagen ◽  
Robert Ott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Valve Prosthesis ◽  
Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Valve Dynamics ◽  
Valve Opening ◽  
Valve Prostheses

AbstractAn established therapy for aortic valve stenosis and insufficiency is the transcatheter aortic valve replacement. By means of numerical simulation the valve dynamics can be investigated to improve the valve prostheses performance. This study examines the influence of the hemodynamic properties on the valve dynamics utilizing fluidstructure interaction (FSI) compared with results of finiteelement analysis (FEA). FEA and FSI were conducted using a previously published aortic valve model combined with a new developed model of the aortic root. Boundary conditions for a physiological pressurization were based on measurements of ventricular and aortic pressure from in vitro hydrodynamic studies of a commercially available heart valve prosthesis using a pulse duplicator system. A linear elastic behavior was assumed for leaflet material properties and blood was specified as a homogeneous, Newtonian incompressible fluid. The type of fluid domain discretization can be described with an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation. Comparison of significant points of time and the leaflet opening area were used to investigate the valve opening behavior of both analyses. Numerical results show that total valve opening modelled by FEA is faster compared to FSI by a factor of 5. In conclusion the inertia of the fluid, which surrounds the valve leaflets, has an important influence on leaflet deformation. Therefore, fluid dynamics should not be neglected in numerical analysis of heart valve prostheses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document