Four Dimensions of Design Similarity

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Ranawat ◽  
Katja Ho¨ltta¨-Otto
Keyword(s):  
Product Family ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Family Identity ◽  
Product Families ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Similar Survey ◽  
Product Pair

To benefit from the value of a brand, a product family must have a coherent product family look. It is however not clear, what in the design contributes toward the coherence or similarity between the products. In this work, a product family identity is broken down into its basic design elements. The contribution of each of these basic design elements toward similarity is investigated. We present a framework of design elements in four dimensions. Examples of these design elements include color, texture, shape, and form. The contribution of these design elements toward the perceived product similarity is investigated. A two phased factorial analysis was performed. The first phase involved simplified shapes consisting of five design elements in the first two dimensions. In the second phase, a similar survey was repeated using images of real products. A survey of product pairs was given to a total of 52 participants. The results show that using the same shape, texture, color, and pattern has a significant effect on making a product pair seem similar to one another. The results will help a designer to design product families that have a coherent product family look but yet look clearly different from the competing brands.

Designing a Product Package Platform

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Devendorf ◽  
Kemper Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Design Theory ◽  
Product Family ◽  
Optimal Arrangement ◽  
Family Identity ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Product Families ◽  
Product Identity ◽  
Cereal Boxes ◽  
Planning Graph ◽  
Paper Product

An essential part of designing a successful product family is establishing a recognizable, familiar, product family identity. It is very often the case that consumers first identify products based on their physical embodiment. The Apple iPod, DeWalt power tools, and KitchenAid appliances are all examples of product families that have successfully branded themselves based on physical principles. While physical branding is often the first trait apparent to designers, there are some products that cannot be differentiated based on physical appearance. This is especially common for consumable products. For example, it is impossible to differentiate between diet Coke, Classic Coke, and Pepsi when each is poured into separate glasses. When differentiation is difficult to achieve from a product’s physical characteristics, the product’s package becomes a vital part of establishing branding and communicating membership to a product family while maintaining individual product identity. In this paper, product packaging is investigated with a focus on the graphic packaging components that identify product families. These components include: color, shape, typography, and imagery. Through the application of tools used in facilities layout planning, graph theory, social network theory, and display design theory an approach to determine an optimal arrangement of graphic components is achieved. This approach is validated using a web based survey that tracks user-package interactions across a range of commonly used cereal boxes.

A Systematic Method for Designing Profitable Product Families

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Nidamarthi ◽  
Gu¨nther Mechler ◽  
Harsh Karandikar
Keyword(s):  
Product Family ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Customer Choice ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Product Families ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Company

Every company has the business objectives of maximizing customer choice as well as its profitability. Typically, companies address maximum customer choice through a large spectrum of variants in their products to satisfy varying customer needs. For example, a camera manufacturer may wish to offer various choices such as fixed focus, auto-focus, variable zoom, different zoom ranges, SLR, APS, and digital cameras, and in different combinations, to satisfy customers with different demands (including the price that they wish to pay). The business goal, therefore, is to design a product family that meets a wide range of customer choices but at a minimum cost so as to maximize the profit margin. These two objectives, choice and profit margin, are not as contradictory as they seem. In this paper, we show that by using a set of systematic methods a company can identify the essential design elements of a profitable product family. We have successfully applied this method in a number of product families ranging from airhandling fans to robot controllers, and from mass-produced products to project based customized products.

Impact of Job Stress and Social Support on Job Satisfaction among Academic Staff

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Kumkum ◽  
R. N. Singh ◽  
Yogershi Rajpoot
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Four Dimensions

There may be so many negative consequences of stress for human beings and dissatisfaction among employees happens to be one of the major problems. It indicates negative feelings that individuals have regarding their jobs or its facets. On the other hand, social support is assumed to be mitigating the relationship between negative aspects of the work environment and job satisfaction. Job stress is said to be associated with job dissatisfaction as well as experience of strain. In view of the above, this study examined the role of job stress and social support in job satisfaction. The sample consisted of 30 school teachers from different school of Varanasi (U.P.). The job stress, job satisfaction and social support scales were administered on the participants. The responses of the participants were converted into scores for statistical analyses. The scores of participants on the scales were correlated. The findings revealed that job stress led to increased job satisfaction. It is against the proposed hypothesis and it appears as if the social support received by the participants is a factor behind it. Two of the four dimensions of social support were found to exert positive impact on job satisfaction but the other two dimensions were not found to be correlated with it. The findings are thoroughly discussed and interpreted.

scholarly journals Design of Personalized Devices—The Tradeoff between Individual Value and Personalization Workload

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Juliane Kuhl ◽  
Andreas Ding ◽  
Ngoc Tuan Ngo ◽  
Andres Braschkat ◽  
Jens Fiehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Customer Value ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Product Family ◽  
Flow Diverter ◽  
New Method ◽  
Product Families ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Value

Personalized medical devices adapted to the anatomy of the individual promise greater treatment success for patients, thus increasing the individual value of the product. In order to cater to individual adaptations, however, medical device companies need to be able to handle a wide range of internal processes and components. These are here referred to collectively as the personalization workload. Consequently, support is required in order to evaluate how best to target product personalization. Since the approaches presented in the literature are not able to sufficiently meet this demand, this paper introduces a new method that can be used to define an appropriate variety level for a product family taking into account standardized, variant, and personalized attributes. The new method enables the identification and evaluation of personalizable attributes within an existing product family. The method is based on established steps and tools from the field of variant-oriented product design, and is applied using a flow diverter—an implant for the treatment of aneurysm diseases—as an example product. The personalization relevance and adaptation workload for the product characteristics that constitute the differentiating product properties were analyzed and compared in order to determine a tradeoff between customer value and personalization workload. This will consequently help companies to employ targeted, deliberate personalization when designing their product families by enabling them to factor variety-induced complexity and customer value into their thinking at an early stage, thus allowing them to critically evaluate a personalization project.

scholarly journals Evaluating Spatial Distribution Randomness of Overlap Permissive Second Phase in Three- and Two-Dimensions

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 2762-2767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenjiro Sugio ◽  
Yasutaka Momota ◽  
Di Zhang ◽  
Hiroshi Fukushima ◽  
Osamu Yanagisawa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Second Phase

Simulation Study of Granular Compaction Dynamics under Vertical Tapping

2007 ◽  
Vol 555 ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Arsenović ◽  
S.B. Vrhovac ◽  
Z.M. Jakšić ◽  
Lj. Budinski-Petković ◽  
A. Belić
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Hard Disks ◽  
Compaction Process ◽  
Granular Compaction

We study by numerical simulation the compaction dynamics of frictional hard disks in two dimensions, subjected to vertical shaking. Shaking is modeled by a series of vertical expansions of the disk packing, followed by dynamical recompression of the assembly under the action of gravity. The second phase of the shake cycle is based on an efficient event−driven molecular−dynamics algorithm. We analyze the compaction dynamics for various values of friction coefficient and coefficient of normal restitution. We find that the time evolution of the density is described by ρ(t)=ρ∞ − ρEα[−(t/τ)α], where Eα denotes the Mittag−Leffler function of order 0<α<1. The parameter τ is found to decay with tapping intensity Γ according to a power law τ ∝ Γ−γ , where parameter γ is almost independent of the material properties of grains. Also, an expression for the grain mobility during compaction process has been obtained.

Algorithm-Based Support for the Redesign of Product Variants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Redeker ◽  
Philipp Gebhardt ◽  
Thomas Vietor
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Graph Matching ◽  
Product Family ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Product Families ◽  
First Case ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Incremental Manufacturing is a novel manufacturing approach where product variants are manufactured based on a finalization of pre-produced parts through additive and subtractive manufacturing processes. This approach allows a multi-scale production with the possibility to scale product variants as well as the production volume. In order to ensure high economic efficiency of the manufacturing concept, there is a need for pre-produced parts that come as close as possible to the final variant geometries to ensure that only variant-specific features need to be added by additive or subtractive manufacturing steps. Furthermore, to ensure high economies of scale, a high degree of commonality should be ensured for the pre-produced parts manufactured in mass production. In this context, a graph-based method is developed that enables an automated analysis of product families, based on physical and functional attributes, for standardization potentials. The method thus provides support for the strategic definition of pre-produced parts and is embedded in an overall approach for the redesign of products for Incremental Manufacturing. For the demonstration of the approach, which is based on 3D Shape and Graph Matching methods, a first case study is carried out using a guiding bush product family as an example.

Degenerate classical minima and instantons

2021 ◽  
pp. 942-959
Author(s):  
Jean Zinn-Justin
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Stochastic Dynamics ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Quantum Theories ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Quantum Tunnelling ◽  
Charge Conjugation Parity ◽  
Double Well Potential

Instantons play an important role in the following situation: quantum theories corresponding to classical actions that have non-continuously connected degenerate minima. The simplest examples are provided by one-dimensional quantum systems with symmetries and potentials with non-symmetric minima. Classically, the states of minimum energy correspond to a particle sitting at any of the minima of the potential. The position of the particle breaks (spontaneously) the symmetry of the system. By contrast, in quantum mechanics (QM), the modulus of the ground-state wave function is large near all the minima of the potential, as a consequence of barrier penetration effects. Two typical examples illustrate this phenomenon: the double-well potential, and the cosine potential, whose periodic structure is closer to field theory examples. In the context of stochastic dynamics, instantons are related to Arrhenius law. The proof of the existence of instantons relies on an inequality related to supersymmetric structures, and which generalizes to some field theory examples. Again, the presence of instantons again indicates that the classical minima are connected by quantum tunnelling, and that the symmetry between them is not spontaneously broken. Examples of such a situation are provided, in two dimensions, by the charge conjugation parity (CP) (N − 1) models and, in four dimensions, by SU(2) gauge theories.

scholarly journals A Framework for Development Architecture for Modular Products: Cross-Domain Variety Management Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2921-2930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwansuk Oh ◽  
Jong Wook Lim ◽  
Seongwon Cho ◽  
Junyeol Ryu ◽  
Yoo S. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Product Family ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Product Families ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Architecture Framework ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Domain Mapping ◽  
The Cross

AbstractVariety management is a cross-domain issue in product family design. In the real field, the relationships across the domains are so complex for most of the existing product families that they cannot be easily identified without proper reference architecture. This reference architecture should provide the cross- domain mapping mechanisms in an explicit manner and be able to identify the proper units for management. From this perspective of cross-domain framework, this paper introduces development architecture (DA) to describe the relationships between elements in market, design, and production domains and to give insights for the cross-domain variety management in the product development stage. DA has three parts: (1) the arrangement of elements in each domain, (2) the mapping between elements, and (3) the identification of management sets and key interfaces which are the proper units for variety management. The proposed development architecture framework is applied to the case of front chassis family of modules of an automobile.

scholarly journals The Service Quality Dimensions that Affect Customer Satisfaction in the Jordanian Banking Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklós Pakurár ◽  
Hossam Haddad ◽  
János Nagy ◽  
József Popp ◽  
Judit Oláh
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Initial Model ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Quality Dimensions ◽  
Service Quality Dimensions ◽  
Financial Aspect

Banks must meet the needs of their customers in order to achieve sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to examine service quality dimensions, by using the modified SERVQUAL model, which can be used to measure customer satisfaction, and the effect of these dimensions (tangibles, responsiveness, empathy, assurance, reliability, access, financial aspect, and employee competences) on customer satisfaction in Jordanian banks. Data were gathered from 825 customers in the Jordanian banking sector. The sample data were statistically analyzed through exploratory factor analysis by the SPSS program to determine service quality perception and customer satisfaction. The results illustrate that the modified SERVQUAL Model extracted four subscales in the new model instead of eight in the initial model. The first subscale contains four dimensions—assurance, reliability, access and employee competences. The second subscale consists of two dimensions—responsiveness and empathy. The third and fourth subscales—financial aspect and tangibility—are separate factors. Further studies should consider the dimensions of access, financial aspect, and employee competences as essential parts of service quality dimensions with the other subscales, so as to improve wider customer satisfaction in the banking sector. In the authors’ opinion, the modified SERVQUAL model is useful for addressing customer satisfaction in the banking sector.

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