Comparing the Contribution of the Group to the Initial Idea in Progressive Idea Generation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan M. Blair ◽  
Katja Hölttä-Otto
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Initial Idea ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Innovation Characteristics

Successful Idea Generation (IG) is more likely to lead to original and innovative products. It is usually recommended that idea generation is done in groups. Specifically, progressive idea generation methods, such as 6-3-5/C-Sketch, have been developed to gain from the benefits of group based ideation while being less subject to the peer pressure of a typical brainstorming session, where people can call out ideas simultaneously. In this study, we investigate the contributions that the group makes to the initial ideas in such progressive idea generation. Participants developed concepts for one of two products, namely alarm clocks or litter grabbers. Statistical analysis was used to compare the results of the initial ideas to the entire group for both products. Samples were rated at feature level using three metrics: originality, number of innovation characteristics hit, and feasibility. Results indicate that, in general, the originality and innovativeness of the initial concepts is improved by the rest of the group members. Non-original initial ideas were improved in all four sample groups. Highly original initial ideas also were improved in most cases. Feasibility was generally lowered, but not with statistical significance. Results from the perspective of particular product feature and innovation characteristic categories were varied; some more popular than others.

scholarly journals Characteristics of anteroposterior curvatures of the spine in soccer and futsal players

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Chromik ◽  
Anna Burdukiewicz ◽  
Jadwiga Pietraszewska ◽  
Aleksandra Stachoń ◽  
Paweł Wolański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Prevention Training ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractPurpose. The aim of the study was to determine differences in anteroposterior spine curvatures between futsal players, soccer players, and non-training students. The results may contribute to the development of present-day knowledge of posturometry, and its implementation in training can help reduce the risk of body posture disorders in athletes. Methods. The examined group consisted of 48 athletes and 38 non-training college students. Body posture parameters were measured with the use of Posturometr-S. The normality of distribution was checked with the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the differences between the groups were measured with ANOVA and the Bonferroni post-hoc test. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results. The analysis of angle values revealed the widest and most similar measurements in the group of futsal players and soccer players. The analysis of variance proved statistically significant differences between the soccer players and futsal players (p = 0.003). The difference between the soccer players and non-training students was statistically significant. The highest γ angular value was measured in non-training students, followed by futsal players and soccer players. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the non-training students and futsal players, as well as non-training students and soccer players (p < 0.001). Conclusions. A complex assessment of athletes’ body posture is crucial in injury prevention. Training overloads may often lead to disorders of the organ of locomotion and affect the correct body posture in athletes. This, in turn, may result in pains and injuries.

Do longitudinal orthodontic trials use appropriate statistical analyses? A meta-epidemiological study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samer Mheissen ◽  
Haris Khan ◽  
Mohammed Almuzian ◽  
Emad Eddin Alzoubi ◽  
Nikolaos Pandis
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Optimal Analysis ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Measure Analysis ◽  
Repeated Measure Analysis

Summary Background In orthodontic trials, longitudinal designs with multiple outcome measurements over time are common. The aim of this epidemiological study was to examine whether optimal statistical analysis approaches have been used in longitudinal orthodontic trials. Methods Pubmed was searched in August 2021 for longitudinal orthodontic trials with at least three time points of outcome assessment published in the 2017–20 period. Study selection and data extraction were done independently and in duplicate. The analysis approaches undertaken were tabulated and associations between study characteristics and the use of optimal analysis or not were assessed using Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression. Results One hundred forty-seven out of 563 unique records were deemed eligible for inclusion. Only 26.50% of these trials used an optimal statistical analysis for longitudinal data where the data structure is accounted for. None of the study characteristics except the statistical significance of the results were associated with the appropriateness of the statistical analysis. The odds of significant results in studies with suboptimal analyses were higher than that in studies with optimal longitudinal analyses (odds ratio: 3.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.62, 7.46, P = 0.001). For the studies with optimal analysis, the most frequent test was repeated-measure analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA). The reporting of the statistical analysis section was suboptimal in the majority of the trials. Conclusion Most longitudinal orthodontic trials are not analysed using optimal statistical approaches. Inferences and interpretation of their results are likely to be compromised.

Wybrane parametry jakości ucisku i relaksacji klatki piersiowej wykonywanej przez personel pielęgniarski w ramach pozaszpitalnego nagłego zatrzymania krążenia ? badanie pilotażowe

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Więch ◽  
Marek Muster ◽  
Dariusz Bazaliński ◽  
Grzegorz Kucaba ◽  
Izabela Sałacińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Relaxation Parameters ◽  
Primary Health

Introduction. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in out-of-hospital conditions is a frequent condition of immediate life-emergency of cardiological background. The survival and discharge rate in SCA patients treated by medical services is still at a low level. Aim. The aim of the study was to analyze selected parameters of the quality of chest compressions and relaxation performed by nursing staff as part of out-of-hospital SCA. Material and methods. The study covered a group of 48 nurses working in primary health care in branches of conservative (PRE/C = 24 people, mean age 33.04 ± 9.20) and surgery profile (PRE/I = 24 people, average age 31.88 ± 9.97), participating in the research project of the Center for Medical and Natural Sciences Research and Innovation, University of Rzeszów in Rzeszów. Two months after the initial examination and intervention, the test was repeated. The assessment of selected compression and relaxation parameters was performed using the True CPR Resuscitation Assistant. The statistical analysis of the collected material was carried out with the SPSS Statistics 20 software. The statistical analysis used the analysis of variables using parametric and non-parametric tests. The statistical significance was assumed at p < 0.05. Results. Initially, a high percentage of the effectiveness of the most important compression and relaxation parameters of the chest was obtained during 2-minute out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation with no statistically significant differences between the two groups (PRE/C: 51 mm depth, 83.92% relaxation, frequency 115.46 vs. PRE/I: depth: 47.58 mm, relaxation: 92.54, frequency: 109.96, p < 0.05). After two months, similar parametric values were observed with no statistical significance (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The initial high quality of compressions and relaxation was found in nurses participating in the simulated out-of-hospital SCA, while there were no significant differences between primary health care nurses working at conservative departments and nurses from surgical ones. After a two-month interval from the initial examination and training, high CPR effectiveness was observed based on the guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council from 2015.

scholarly journals Three Evidence Based Methods to Compensate for a Lack of Subject Background when Ordering Chemistry Monographs

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Robert A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Circulation Rate ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Library System ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

Objective – The aim of this article is to present evidence based methods for the selection of chemistry monographs, particularly for librarians lacking a background in chemistry. These methods will be described in detail, their practical application illustrated, and their efficacy tested by analyzing circulation data. Methods – Two hundred and ninety-five chemistry monographs were selected between 2005 and 2007 using rigorously-applied evidence based methods involving the Library's integrated library system (ILS), Google, and SciFinder Scholar. The average circulation rate of this group of monographs was compared to the average circulation rate of 254 chemistry monographs selected between 2002 and 2004 when the methods were not used or were in an incomplete state of development. Results – Circulations/month were on average 9% greater in the cohort of monographs selected with the rigorously-applied evidence based methods. Further statistical analysis, however, finds that this result can not be attributed to the different application of these methods. Conclusion – The methods discussed in this article appear to provide an evidence base for the selection of chemistry monographs, but their application does not change circulation rates in a statistically significant way. Further research is needed to determine if this lack of statistical significance is real or a product of the organic development and application of these methods over time, making definitive comparisons difficult.

scholarly journals Substance Use: Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors among Undergraduate Students in a Tertiary Institution in Southwest Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
K.A. Durowade ◽  
O.E. Elegbede ◽  
G.B. Pius-Imue ◽  
A. Omeiza ◽  
M. Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
P Value ◽  
Global Public Health

Background: Substance use is a global public health problem with increasing burden among university students. This study assessed the prevalence, pattern and risk factors of substance use among undergraduate students of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of undergraduate students of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select respondents. Data collection tool was a structured self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Statistical significance was set at p value <0.05Results: The respondents’ mean age was 19.5 ± 2.0 years and all 416 (100.0%) were aware of substance abuse. The prevalence of substance use was 299 (71.9%). Alcohol 133 (32.0%) and over-the-counter drugs (29.9%) were the two most commonly used substance. Being male (p=0.017) and in 400 level (p=0.047) were associated with substance use while curiosity 112 (37.5%), peer pressure 95 (31.8%) and school stress 85 (28.4%) were reasons given. Predictors of substance use were being a female (aOR: 2.54; 95% CI=1.89-3.66; p=0.011), civil servant mother (aOR: 5.75; 95% CI=1.90-17.4; p=0.002) and mother with secondary education (aOR: 5.27; 95% CI= 2.20- 12.65; p<0.001).Conclusion: There was high prevalence of substance use with curiosity, peer pressure and school stress being influencers of substance use among the study population. Predictors of substance use were being a female, civil servant mother and mother with secondary education. The University authority should institute measures to prevent access to alcohol and other substances by the students.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effect of Oral Administration and External Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Cervical Tuberculous

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Yang ◽  
Jin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Total Effective Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: To analyze the clinical effect and value of oral administration and external therapy of traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy. Methods: A total of 56 patients with cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy admitted to our hospital from January 1 to January 2018 were recruited. By using double-blind method, the patients were divided into control group (n=28) and experimental group (n=28). Control group comprised of patients with conventional anti-tuberculosis treatment, while the experimental group comprised of patients treated with oral administration and external therapy of traditional Chinese medicine. Total effective rate, incidence of complication and level of T lymphocyte subsets were compared between the two groups of cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy patients. Results: Post-treatment data of total effective rate, complication rate, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ of the experimental group were compared with the control group. P<0.05; statistical analysis showed statistical significance. Post-treatment data of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ of both control and experimental groups were compared with pre-treatment data. P<0.05; statistical analysis showed statistical significance. Conclusion: Oral administration and external therapy of traditional Chinese medicine possesses significant effect in treatment of cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy.

Part IV Measurement, 16 Legal Issues with Statistical Evidence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veljanovski Cento
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Statistical Evidence ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Economic Evidence ◽  
Standard Of Proof ◽  
Significance Levels ◽  
General Concern

This chapter examines some of the legal and evidential issues surrounding statistical evidence. Courts are wary of statistical analysis and treat it as complex and difficult to reconcile with legal methods of determining damages based on documentary evidence. Indeed, the problem of estimated averages can conflict with the court’s approach. Moreover, there are statistical, economic, and legal issues surrounding statistical significance. The general concern is that reliance on conventional statistical significance levels may not reflect the legal standard of proof. The court can be assisted by the Practical Guide and Pass-on Guidelines of the European Commission, but also the best practice guidance of competition authorities for the submission of economic evidence.

Narratives of Spirituality

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lynne Bird ◽  
Eric T. Wanner
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Patient Education ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Statistical Table ◽  
Initial Idea

How does spirituality inform narratives? Some readers may view the experiences survived by the authors as a series of random coincidences, but because religion plays a large role in the lives of both authors, they believe that their experiences happened for a reason. They are not trying to convert you to a certain religion but simply want to show the power religion can have. It is recommended to take out all prejudgments on this issue and read the chapter as is. After that, take out of it what you wish. When the authors conducted a research study, they discovered potentially groundbreaking implications for the fields of patient education and health education. The official narrative of the research follows the research project from the initial idea to the final statistical analysis. The unofficial narrative of the research illustrates all the moments that cannot be captured in a statistical table as the authors answer questions, share stories, and provide information of what they learned.

Statistical basis of clinical trials

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Prout ◽  
Tanya Jones ◽  
Daniel Martin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Sample Size Calculation ◽  
Number Needed To Treat ◽  
Drug Trials ◽  
Research Types

This chapter summarizes some aspects of study design and statistical analysis to allow the anaesthetist to appraise research. Types of observational study are described and aspects of interventional studies such as sample size calculation and power are explained. Research governance, phases of drug trials and levels of evidence are described. A section on statistical analysis includes expression of proportion for binary data (odds ratio, number needed to treat) and use of probability and confidence intervals to measure statistical significance.

scholarly journals Nonadherence to Antiepileptic Medications: Still a Major Issue to be Addressed in the Management of Epilepsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 106-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azra Zafar ◽  
Rizwana Shahid ◽  
Saima Nazish ◽  
Danah Aljaafari ◽  
Fahd Ali Alkhamis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Seizure Freedom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Antiepileptic Medications ◽  
The University ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

ABSTRACT Context: Medication nonadherence is a significant barrier in achieving seizure freedom in patients with epilepsy. There is a deficiency of data about the reasons for nonadherence in Saudi population. Aims: The aim of this study is to prove the existence of nonadherence to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in patients with epilepsy and identify the responsible factors. Setting and Design: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study carried in the Department of Neurology at King Fahd Hospital of the University affiliated with Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Subjects and Methods: Patients of all ages diagnosed to have epilepsy as mentioned in their medical record and taking antiepileptic medications were interviewed using a questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Statistical significance was defined as two-tailed with a P ≤ 0.05. Results: Among 152 participants, 52.6% were male and 47.4% were female. Mean age of the patients was 28 ± 14.3 (mean ± standard deviation) years. Of 152 patients, 48.7% were found to be nonadherent to their AED therapy. The most commonly identified factor was forgetfulness. Nonadherence was significantly associated with poor seizure control (P = 0.002). Conclusion: Nonadherence to the AED is common among patients with epilepsy and affects seizure control adversely.

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