Development of Virtual Reality Training Scenario for Avalanche Rescue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Joseph Messina ◽  
Simon Teves ◽  
Giulia Wally Scurati ◽  
Marina Carulli ◽  
Francesco Ferrise
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Require Time ◽  
Outdoor Sports ◽  
Vr Training ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract As the popularity of winter outdoor sports is increasing, a growing number of users are engaging in activities in uncontrolled terrain, thus training for avalanche rescue is more important than ever. Traditional training takes place through workshops and in field sessions, presenting limitations to the training availability, since they require time, organization and specific weather conditions. This is problematic since the use of transceivers to locate buried individuals is not trivial and requires practice. Virtual Reality (VR) training has shown to be effective in several fields, especially in the context of hazardous conditions and emergencies, which require decision making under time pressure and management of complex tools in uncontrolled or unsafe environments. Examples include disaster medicine, military operations, and other fields in which actions must be performed precisely in short time frame. In this work, we present the development of an immersive VR system for avalanche rescue training as a complementary tool to the traditional techniques in order to prepare the trainee for field training sessions. We discuss the definition of the system requirements, the design and implementation of the tool, and considerations regarding hardware and software. Finally, we discuss possible limitations and future development.

What are the risks of Virtual Reality data? Learning Analytics, Algorithmic Bias and a Fantasy of Perfect Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482110127
Author(s):  
Marcus Carter ◽  
Ben Egliston
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Learning Analytics ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Education Technology ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Vr Training ◽  
Algorithmic Bias

Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging technology with the potential to extract significantly more data about learners and the learning process. In this article, we present an analysis of how VR education technology companies frame, use and analyse this data. We found both an expansion and acceleration of what data are being collected about learners and how these data are being mobilised in potentially discriminatory and problematic ways. Beyond providing evidence for how VR represents an intensification of the datafication of education, we discuss three interrelated critical issues that are specific to VR: the fantasy that VR data is ‘perfect’, the datafication of soft-skills training, and the commercialisation and commodification of VR data. In the context of the issues identified, we caution the unregulated and uncritical application of learning analytics to the data that are collected from VR training.

Adapting game’s evaluation metrics to virtual reality serious games and its validation on “Hellblade: Senu’s Sacrifice” (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Martinez ◽  
Maria Isabel Menéndez-Menéndez ◽  
David Checa ◽  
Andres Bustillo
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Quantitative Rating ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Definition Of

BACKGROUND The design of Virtual Reality Serious Games (VR-SG) is a subject still developing. One of its open developments is the definition of metrics to evaluate the fun and learning result. In this way, weaknesses and strengths in the design of serious games can be found for future works in this research field. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to create a metric that can be used to rate the gameplay of VR-SG. This metric’s novelty allows to evaluate the different fun and learning features and give them a quantitative rating. A study case shows the capability of implementing this evaluation to identify strengths and weaknesses of VR-SGs. METHODS The new VR-SG metric is developed on the basis of the Mechanics, Dynamics and Aesthetic (MDA) framework but including User Experience (UX) elements and adapting them to VR-SG. This metric includes 1) UX aspects: VR-headsets, training tutorials and interactive adaptions to avoid VR inconveniences; and 2) MDA aspects: exclusive VR audiovisual elements and its aesthetics interactions. RESULTS The selected indie serious game is Hellblade, developed to raise awareness about the difficulties of people suffering from psychosis with two versions: one for 2D-screens and the other for VR devices. The comparison of metric´s scores for both versions shows: 1) some VR dynamics increase the gameplay impact and therefore, the educational capacity; and 2) flaws in game design where the scores drop down. Some of these flaws are: reduced number of levels, missions and items, lack of a tutorial to enhance usability and lack of strategies and rewards in the long-term to increase motivation. CONCLUSIONS This metric allows to identify the elements of the gameplay and UX that are necessary to learn in VR experiences. The study case shows this research is useful to evaluate the educational utility of VR-SG. Further works will analyze VR applications to synthetize every game element influencing its intrinsic sensations. CLINICALTRIAL The trials have not been registered, as testing for this metric has not involved people with mental conditions or addressed other medical applications. Hellblade is a commercial video game that anyone can purchase and play. The trials have been carried out to obtain results on the gaming experience of different people in relation to the educational purpose of raising awareness of psychosis.

scholarly journals Design of Evaluation Areas Based on Type of Mobile-Based Virtual Reality Training Content

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Kyoung Jin ◽  
Hui Jeong Yun ◽  
Hye Sun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Mobile Environments ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Content Quality ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Vr Training ◽  
The Media ◽  
Procedure Learning ◽  
Content Design

In the field of technology education, virtual reality (VR) training has received significant attention in terms of its efficacy in use. Given its many advantages, there is a specific need to emphasize concrete measures for the implementation of VR training in the field of tech education. VR training based on mobile environments has been touted as a means of not only enhancing presence, flow, and learning authenticity, but also of minimizing spatial and temporal constraints. The present study has developed an evaluation tool for VR training contents, including those based on mobile environments. After categorizing VR training contents in the field of tech education into structure comprehension type, procedure learning type, and equipment experiment type contents, we constructed items for each evaluation area. The considered areas included learning, media, and content quality. By conducting Delphi surveys with a panel of experts, we confirmed that the derived evaluation items differed in number across different types of content. Under the learning area, satisfaction was found to be adequate for all content types. Items such as flow, interactivity, and learning effects were found to be adequate for procedure learning and equipment experiment type contents. The media area indicated marked variability in item adequacy depending on the content type. Usability was found to be adequate only for procedure learning type content. For equipment experiment type content, items such as presence, usability, and manipulability were all found to be adequate. All evaluation items under the content design area were found to be adequate across all content types. Thus, regardless of the type of content, it is necessary to fulfil the basic elements within the content design area in order to establish the efficacy of VR training as educational content in the field of tech education.

scholarly journals Virtual Reality Training Applications in Industry - Towards a User-friendly Application Design

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
Benjamin Knoke ◽  
◽  
Moritz Quandt ◽  
Michael Freitag ◽  
Klaus-Dieter Thoben
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Electrical Safety ◽  
Industrial Training ◽  
Current State ◽  
Vr Training ◽  
User Friendly

The purpose of this research is to aggregate and discuss the validity of challenges and design guidelines regarding industrial Virtual Reality (VR) training applications. Although VR has seen significant advancements in the last 20 years, the technology still faces multiple research challenges. The challenges towards industrial VR applications are imposed by a limited technological maturity and the need to achieve industrial stakeholders' technology acceptance. Technology acceptance is closely connected with the consideration of individual user requirements for user interfaces in virtual environments. This paper analyses the current state-of-the-art in industrial VR applications and provides a structured overview of the existing challenges and applicable guidelines for user interface design, such as ISO 9241-110. The validity of the identified challenges and guidelines is discussed against an industrial training scenario on electrical safety during maintenance tasks.

scholarly journals The effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19-related mortality: A generalized synthetic control approach across 169 countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Mader ◽  
Tobias Rüttenauer
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Treatment Timing ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Treatment Variation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

Background: Most governments have introduced various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in response to the pandemic outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) since early 2020. While NPIs aim at avoiding fatalities related to COVID-19, the previous literature on their efficacy has focused on infections and on data of the first half of 2020. Still, findings of early NPI studies may be subject to underreporting and missing timeliness of reporting of cases. Moreover, the low variation in treatment timing during the first wave makes identification of robust treatment effects difficult.Methods: To circumvent problems of reporting and treatment variation, we analyse data on daily confirmed COVID-19-related deaths per capita from Our World in Data, and on 10 different NPIs from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker for 169 countries from 1st July 2020 to 31st May 2021. To identify the causal effects of introducing NPIs on COVID-19-related confirmed fatalities per capita, we apply the generalized synthetic control (GSC) method to each NPI, while controlling for the remaining NPIs, weather conditions, vaccinations, and NPI-residualized COVID-19 cases.Findings: We do not find substantial and consistent mitigating effects of any NPI under investigation on COVID-19-related deaths per capita. We see a tentative change in the trend of COVID-19-related deaths around 30 days after workplace closing, public transport closing, and stay at home rules have been implemented, but none of them exerts a statistically significant effect.Interpretation: The study enhances the literature on the effectivity of NPIs with respect to the time frame, the number of countries, and the analytical approach. The results provide further guidance to judge the proportionality of NPIs.

scholarly journals Post-infections and sepsis associated myocardial infarction: casuistic masks

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
L.O. Malsteva ◽  
W.W. Nikonov ◽  
N.A. Kazimirova ◽  
A.A. Lopata
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Post Infectious

The review aims to present the chronological sequence of developing universal definitions of myocardial infarction, new ideas for improving the screening of post-infectious and sepsis-associated myocardial infarction (MI) (casuistic masks of myocardial infarction). The stages of the development of the common and global definition of myocardial infarction are outlined: 1 — by WHO working groups based on ECG for epidemiological studies; 2 — by the European Society of Cardiology and the American College of Cardio-logy using clinical and biochemical approaches; 3 — the Global Task Force consensus document of universal definition with subsequent classification of MI into five subtypes (spontaneous, dissonance in oxygen delivery and consumption; lethal outcome before the rise of specific markers of myocardial damage; PCI-associated; CABG- associated); 4 — review by the Joint Task Force of the above document based on the inclusion of more sensitive markers — troponins; 5 — the allocation of 17 non-ischemic myocardial damage, accompanied by an increase in the level of troponin; 6 — characteristic of the atrial natriuretic peptide from the standpoint of its synthesis, storage, release, diagnostic value as a biomarker of acute myocardial dama­ge; 7 — a clinical definition of myocardial infarction, presented in materials of the III Consensus on myocardial infarction 2017. The diagnosis of myocardial infarction using the criteria set in this document requires the integration of clinical data, ECG patterns, laboratory data, imaging findings, and, in some cases, pathological results, which are considered in the context of the time frame of the suspec­ted event. K. Thygesen et al. consider the additional use of: 1) cardiovascular magnetic resonance to determine the etiology of myocardial damage; 2) computer coronary angiography with suspected myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction is a combination of specific cardio markers with at least one of the symptoms listed above. The formation of myocardial infarction can occur during/after acute respiratory infection. Causal relationships between these two states are established. Post-infectious myocardial infarction is strongly recommended to be individualized as a separate diagnostic entity. In sepsis, global myocardial ischemia with ischemic myocardial damage arises as a result of humoral and cellular factors, accompanied by an increase in troponins, a decrease in the ejection fraction of the left ventricle by 45 % and an increase in the final diastolic size of the left ventricle, the development of sepsis-associated multiple organ fai­lure, which is an unfavourable prognosis factor.

scholarly journals Immediately mathematical model of maneuverability of the items of the administration

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kotsyuruba ◽  
Ruslan Cherevko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Current Stage

At the current stage of the reformation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in the context of the operation of the United Nations (Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO)), there was a need to increase the effectiveness of the use of troops without increasing the cost of the resource. In the context of increasing capabilities of the armies of the leading countries in the world to investigate and defeat the forces of the opposite side, the problem of maintaining and restoring combat capability in the course of hostilities is very acute. One of the important components that determines combat capability is the maneuverability of the control points (PU). In the course of the defense, the problem of increasing the survivability of the PU system is important because the forces of the opposite side, with the onset of aggression, will try, first of all, to dismantle the PU using modern means of defeat and the massive use of high-precision weapons (WTZ), as well as aircraft and artillery strikes, electronic information and information fight, the use of sabotage and reconnaissance groups and tactical airborne troops to disrupt the control of defending troops. Important importance of the ability to timely carry out maneuver (organized movement) of PU and its elements into a new area in the preparation and in the course of military operations. The traditional approach to ensuring the survivability of PU does not allow to ensure the proper stability of their functioning. There is an objective necessity in the development of such a mathematical model of maneuverability, which in its characteristics would meet the dynamically increasing requirements of the control system of troops in the difficult conditions of projected operations. To ensure the quality management of military units, various measures to ensure the survivability of PU are considered. The article outlines approaches to the definition of indicators of estimation of maneuverability of PU and methods of their calculation. The research is carried out in modern conditions of combat operations, taking into account the movement of the line of the combat collision of the parties and the disclosure of the PU to the enemy's intelligence.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Special Military Operations in Internal Security Management in Nigeria (1966-2019)

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-153
Author(s):  
Muhammad Maigari Abdullahi ◽  
Usman Ahmad Karofi ◽  
Uthman Abdullahi Abdul-Quadir ◽  
Ibrahim Arafat
Keyword(s):  
Security Management ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Foreign Missions ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Domestic Security ◽  
Security Operations ◽  
The Military

This article identifies different operational codenames adopted by the Nigerian military in special domestic operations from 1966-2019 and examined whether the operations were executed in line with the codenames. In Nigeria, the military has an established tradition of codenaming special operations, in both internal and foreign missions. Since 1966, the Nigerian military has been involved in internal security management and codenamed all the operations using both English and local language names. The aftermath of the first military coup d'état on 15th January 1966, was the beginning of military involvement in domestic security operations in addition to their constitutional responsibility of defending the territorial integrity of the country. The Effect Perspective (TEP) is adopted as the theoretical framework which gives proper nuance to the study. Methodologically, data were elicited through in-depth interviews. The findings explain why several military operations have failed to achieve the objectives of their codenames. It concludes that there is no correlation between the operational codenames and their outcomes of special military operations in Nigeria because the desired results of restoring peace have not been achieved within the specific time frame given when they were launched. The paper concludes that the majority of special military operations launched in Nigeria failed below expectations and unable to restore peace in their country in line with the operational codenames as a result of factors identified in the study.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Virtual Reality-Based Training to Diagnose Strabismus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Sik Moon ◽  
Hyeon Jeong Yoon ◽  
Sang Woo Park ◽  
Chae Yeon Kim ◽  
Mu Seok Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Accuracy Score ◽  
Performance Score ◽  
Deviation Angle ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vr Training ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Real Patients

Abstract Purpose: To study the usefulness of virtual reality (VR) based training for diagnosing strabismusMethods: Fourteen ophthalmology residents performed at least 30 VR training sessions to diagnose esotropia and exotropia. Examinations of real patients with esotropia or exotropia before and after the VR training were video-recorded and presented to a strabismus expert to assess accuracy and performance scores for measuring the deviation angle and diagnosing strabismus with anonymization. A feedback survey regarding the usefulness and ease of use of the VR application was conducted for participants.Results: The mean age of 14 ophthalmology residents, including 10 men and 4 women, was 29.7 years. Before VR training, participants showed a mean accuracy score of 14.50 ± 5.45 and performance score of 9.64 ± 4.67 for measuring the deviation angle and diagnosing strabismus in real patients with strabismus. After VR training, they showed a significantly improved accuracy score of 22.14 ± 4.37 (p = 0.012) and performance score of 15.50 ± 1.99 (p = 0.011). According to the survey, most participants agreed on the usefulness of VR application.Conclusions: This study suggests that VR based training improves ophthalmology residents’ clinical diagnostic skills for strabismus in a short period.

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