A Study on Urban Heating System Flexibility: Modeling and Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaying Chen ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Wei Zhong ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Xiaojie Lin
Keyword(s):  
Topological Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Structure Change ◽  
End User ◽  
Quantification Method ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study develops a new perspective of analyzing urban heating system (UHS) by taking a looking at the heat transportation flexibility of the system. We proposed the heating system flexibility (HSF) concept to represent UHS’s capability of delivering heat to the substations (and the buildings) under different operation scenarios of valves and pumps. We also give out the corresponding evaluation method. Based on the proposed ideal and its quantification method, we take a real UHS as an example to show the effectiveness of HSF by investigating the impact of heating network topological structure change. When a topological change close to end user is introduced, the average flexibility increases but the median flexibility drops. We find that system-wide topological structure change such as new pipeline does not solve the imbalance of HSF among substations. Overall, the concept of HSF has the potential of being used as an important criterion in the design, operation, and control of future large-scale complex multi-source UHS.

A Study on Urban Heating System Flexibility: Modeling and Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaying Chen ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Zhongbo Li ◽  
Wei Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Heating Season ◽  
End User ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Booster Pump ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study investigates the urban heating system (UHS) by taking a look at the heat transportation flexibility of the system. We propose the heating system flexibility (HSF) concept to represent UHS’s capability of meeting the heating demand under different operation conditions during the heating season and give out the corresponding evaluation method. Based on the evaluation method, we investigate the impact of heating network enhancement measures upon HSF by taking a real UHS in Beijing as a demo site. We pick network-wise topological change (extra pipe) and booster pump installation as two representative renovation measures. When an extra pipe close to end-user is introduced to the network, the average flexibility increases but the median flexibility drops. The results show that the introduction of the extra pipe does not reduce the hydraulic imbalance among different substations. A booster pump is more suitable for improving local substation HSF, although such a measure is only effective to a portion of the substations. Overall, the concept of HSF has the potential of being used as an important criterion in the design, operation, and control of UHS and other energy systems.

scholarly journals CHNS Modeling for Study and Management of Human–Water Interactions at Multiple Scales

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumaraswamy Ponnambalam ◽  
S. Jamshid Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Institutional Issues ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Hydrology

This paper presents basic definitions and challenges/opportunities from different perspectives to study and control water cycle impacts on society and vice versa. The wider and increased interactions and their consequences such as global warming and climate change, and the role of complex institutional- and governance-related socioeconomic-environmental issues bring forth new challenges. Hydrology and integrated water resources management (IWRM from the viewpoint of an engineering planner) do not exclude in their scopes the study of the impact of changes in global hydrology from societal actions and their feedback effects on the local/global hydrology. However, it is useful to have unique emphasis through specialized fields such as hydrosociology (including the society in planning water projects, from the viewpoint of the humanities) and sociohydrology (recognizing the large-scale impacts society has on hydrology, from the viewpoint of science). Global hydrological models have been developed for large-scale hydrology with few parameters to calibrate at local scale, and integrated assessment models have been developed for multiple sectors including water. It is important not to do these studies with a silo mindset, as problems in water and society require highly interdisciplinary skills, but flexibility and acceptance of diverse views will progress these studies and their usefulness to society. To deal with complexities in water and society, systems modeling is likely the only practical approach and is the viewpoint of researchers using coupled human–natural systems (CHNS) models. The focus and the novelty in this paper is to clarify some of these challenges faced in CHNS modeling, such as spatiotemporal scale variations, scaling issues, institutional issues, and suggestions for appropriate mathematical tools for dealing with these issues.

scholarly journals Impact of network sectorisation on water quality management

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hooman Armand ◽  
Ivan Stoianov ◽  
Nigel Graham
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydraulic Variables

Abstract The sectorisation of water supply networks (WSNs) includes the permanent closure of valves in order to achieve a cost-effective leakage management and simplify pressure control. The impact of networks sectorisation, also known as district metered areas (DMAs), on water quality and discolouration has not been extensively studied and it remains unknown. In addition, hydraulic variables used in the literature for assessing the likelihood of potential discolouration are limited and inconclusive. This paper investigates a methodology to evaluate the impact of networks sectorisation (DMAs) on water quality and the likelihood of discolouration incidents. The methodology utilises a set of surrogate hydraulic variables and an analysis of the hydraulic condition in pipes with historic discolouration complaints. The proposed methodology has been applied to a large-scale WSN, with and without sectors, in order to assess the potential impact of DMAs on water quality. The results demonstrate that the sectorisation of WSN (DMAs) could compromise the overall water quality and increase the likelihood of discolouration incidents. The results of this study and the proposed surrogate hydraulic variables facilitate the formulation of optimisation problems for the re-design and control of WSNs with sectorised topologies.

scholarly journals COVID-19 management in nursing homes by outbreak teams (MINUTES) — study description and data characteristics: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e053235
Author(s):  
Lisa S van Tol ◽  
Hanneke J A Smaling ◽  
Janneke M Groothuijse ◽  
Arno J Doornebosch ◽  
Sarah I M Janus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
National Study ◽  
Staff Support ◽  
Term Care ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesNursing homes are hit relatively hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. Dutch long-term care (LTC) organisations installed outbreak teams (OTs) to coordinate COVID-19 infection prevention and control. LTC organisations and relevant national policy organisations expressed the need to share experiences from these OTs that can be applied directly in COVID-19 policy. The aim of the ‘COVID-19 management in nursing homes by outbreak teams’ (MINUTES) study is to describe the challenges, responses and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Dutch nursing homes. In this first article, we describe the MINUTES Study and present data characteristics.DesignThis large-scale multicentre study has a qualitative design using manifest content analysis. The participating organisations shared their OT minutes and other meeting documents on a weekly basis. Data from week 16 (April) to week 53 (December) 2020 included the first two waves of COVID-19.SettingNational study with 41 large Dutch LTC organisations.ParticipantsThe LTC organisations represented 563 nursing home locations and almost 43 000 residents.ResultsAt least 36 of the 41 organisations had one or more SARS-CoV-2 infections among their residents. Most OTs were composed of management, medical staff, support services staff, policy advisors and communication specialists. Topics that emerged from the documents were: crisis management, isolation of residents, personal protective equipment and hygiene, staff, residents’ well-being, visitor policies, testing and vaccination.ConclusionsOT meeting minutes are a valuable data source to monitor the impact of and responses to COVID-19 in nursing homes. Depending on the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, data collection and analysis will continue until November 2021. The results are used directly in national and organisational COVID-19 policy.

scholarly journals Management perspectives on country of origin

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arooj Rashid ◽  
Liz Barnes ◽  
Gary Warnaby
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Perspective ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Retail Branding ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a new perspective by conceptualising country of origin (COO) from a management perspective, identifying the impact different COO constructs have in the context of fashion retailer and manufacturer businesses. Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative study comprises a series of in-depth interviews with key informants from large-scale fashion retailers and manufacturers in the UK. Findings – The major findings of this research demonstrate that COO is considered a strategic business imperative but manifests in a variety of ways depending on brand positioning, long-term strategic plans, expertise, and brand values, etc. Research limitations/implications – This study contributes to the body of knowledge about the importance of COO. The findings of this research will have practical implications for manufacturers and retailers, informing the debate on the value of the “Made in […]” epithet. Findings are limited to the UK fashion clothing industry. Originality/value – This research presents a new perspective on the COO construct, addressing it from a management rather than consumer perspective. It argues that COO can be considered as a strategic dimension, which is manifested in a variety of ways. COO has been extensively researched from a consumer point of view but this research takes a new approach by presenting findings from a managerial point of view, with fashion manufacturing and retail branding as the context.

scholarly journals Compositional resource theories of coherence

Quantum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
John H. Selby ◽  
Ciarán M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Quantum Coherence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Convex Geometry ◽  
Process Theories ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
And Control ◽  
Probabilistic Theories

Quantum coherence is one of the most important resources in quantum information theory. Indeed, preventing the loss of coherence is one of the most important technical challenges obstructing the development of large-scale quantum computers. Recently, there has been substantial progress in developing mathematical resource theories of coherence, paving the way towards its quantification and control. To date however, these resource theories have only been mathematically formalised within the realms of convex-geometry, information theory, and linear algebra. This approach is limited in scope, and makes it difficult to generalise beyond resource theories of coherence for single system quantum states. In this paper we take a complementary perspective, showing that resource theories of coherence can instead be defined purely compositionally, that is, working with the mathematics of process theories, string diagrams and category theory. This new perspective offers several advantages: i) it unifies various existing approaches to the study of coherence, for example, subsuming both speakable and unspeakable coherence; ii) it provides a general treatment of the compositional multi-system setting; iii) it generalises immediately to the case of quantum channels, measurements, instruments, and beyond rather than just states; iv) it can easily be generalised to the setting where there are multiple distinct sources of decoherence; and, iv) it directly extends to arbitrary process theories, for example, generalised probabilistic theories and Spekkens toy model---providing the ability to operationally characterise coherence rather than relying on specific mathematical features of quantum theory for its description. More importantly, by providing a new, complementary, perspective on the resource of coherence, this work opens the door to the development of novel tools which would not be accessible from the linear algebraic mind set.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of the Production of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles using the Simple Aqueous Peroxo Route Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldera Margianti ◽  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to analyze the economic evaluation on the production of TiO2 nanoparticles using the simple aqueous peroxo route method. Economic evaluation is carried out using several economic parameters, such as Payback Period (PBP), Break Even Point (BEP), and Cumulative Net Present Value (CNPV). The economic evaluation method is carried out by calculating several factors to see the potential of TiO2 nanoparticle production, such as an increase in tax prices, sales prices, and the effect of raw material prices. Based on tax evaluation, the greatest income achievement when taxed is 10%. Based on the sales evaluation, the minimum sales price so that the company does not lose is at the 90% point. Based on variations in raw material prices, an increase in raw material prices by up to 50% will not cause a loss. PBP analysis shows the investment in a short period of time, namely in the fourth year and until the 20th year the company's profits continue to increase. In conclusion, the results of the economic evaluation show good prospects. The impact of this research is the evaluation of large-scale economic data on TiO2 nanoparticles, production prospects with estimated factors that may occur under ideal conditions.

scholarly journals State-level needs for social distancing and contact tracing to contain COVID-19 in the United States 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihsueh A. Chiu ◽  
Rebecca Fischer ◽  
Martial L. Ndeffo-Mbah
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Dynamics And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Starting in mid-May 2020, many US states began relaxing social distancing measures that were put in place to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. To evaluate the impact of relaxation of restrictions on COVID-19 dynamics and control, we developed a transmission dynamic model and calibrated it to US state-level COVID-19 cases and deaths. We used this model to evaluate the impact of social distancing, testing and contact tracing on the COVID-19 epidemic in each state. As of July 22, 2020, we found only three states were on track to curtail their epidemic curve. Thirty-nine states and the District of Columbia may have to double their testing and/or tracing rates and/or rolling back reopening by 25%, while eight states require an even greater measure of combined testing, tracing, and distancing. Increased testing and contact tracing capacity is paramount for mitigating the recent large-scale increases in U.S. cases and deaths.

scholarly journals Spatial variations of school-level determinants of reading achievement in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Sacco ◽  
Patrizia Falzetti
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
School Level ◽  
Spatial Disparities ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North And South

AbstractThe study of the territorial difference in educational achievement is a widely debated topic, in particular in Italy for the presence of the well-known strong regional disparities. National and international large scale assessments confirmed that the main characteristic of the Italian school system is the geographical cleavage between North and South. Policymakers have pressing needs to find solutions to reduce geographical disparities. In this study, we investigate the spatial disparities of academic achievement from a new perspective, assuming that the relationship between academic achievement and predictors varies across Italy. Our aim is to examine the extent of the spatial disparities in the relationship between academic achievement and some school-level factors related to inequalities in educational outcomes, moving beyond the regional administrative confines, in order to identify new spatial patterns. We exploited the reading standardized tests administered by INVALSI in 2018–2019 focusing on the 8th-grade students. Crucial to our contribution is the use of the geographically weighted regression and the k-mean clustering, which allows studying the spatial variability of the impact of the school-level factors on academic achievement and to gather schools in new spatial clusters. The findings of this paper demonstrate the necessity to design a more specific education policy and support the identification of the main critical factors for different geographical areas.

scholarly journals Current predictive controller for high frequency resonant inverter in induction heating

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azzedine Khati ◽  
Abdelkader Kansab ◽  
Rachid Taleb ◽  
Houari Khouidmi
Keyword(s):  
Induction Heating ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Current Loop ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Resonant Inverter ◽  
Predictive Controller ◽  
High Frequency Resonance ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

In the context of this article, we are particularly interested in the modeling and control of an induction heating system powered by high frequency resonance inverter. The proposed control scheme comprises a current loop and a PLL circuit. This latter is an electronic assembly for slaving the instantaneous phase of output on the instantaneous input phase, and is used to follow the rapid variations of the frequency.To further improve the transient dynamics of the studied system and in order to reduce the impact of measurement noise on the control signal, a generalized predictive control has been proposed to control the current of the inductor. We discussed the main steps of this command, whose it uses a minimization algorithm to obtain an optimal control signals, its advantages are: its design is simple, less complexity and direct manipulation of the control signal.The results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method, especially in the parameters variation and/or the change of the reference current.

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