scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of the Production of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles using the Simple Aqueous Peroxo Route Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldera Margianti ◽  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to analyze the economic evaluation on the production of TiO2 nanoparticles using the simple aqueous peroxo route method. Economic evaluation is carried out using several economic parameters, such as Payback Period (PBP), Break Even Point (BEP), and Cumulative Net Present Value (CNPV). The economic evaluation method is carried out by calculating several factors to see the potential of TiO2 nanoparticle production, such as an increase in tax prices, sales prices, and the effect of raw material prices. Based on tax evaluation, the greatest income achievement when taxed is 10%. Based on the sales evaluation, the minimum sales price so that the company does not lose is at the 90% point. Based on variations in raw material prices, an increase in raw material prices by up to 50% will not cause a loss. PBP analysis shows the investment in a short period of time, namely in the fourth year and until the 20th year the company's profits continue to increase. In conclusion, the results of the economic evaluation show good prospects. The impact of this research is the evaluation of large-scale economic data on TiO2 nanoparticles, production prospects with estimated factors that may occur under ideal conditions.

scholarly journals Economic Perspective in the Production of Copper Nanowire using Amino Acids as Capping Agent

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Puspa Sari Dewi ◽  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ideal Condition ◽  
Capping Agent ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Copper Nanowire

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the economic feasibility of making copper nanowire using amino acids as a capping agent. The evaluation was conducted from two perspectives, namely engineering analysis and economic evaluation using parameters such as gross profit margin, payback period, breakeven points, and net present value. An economic evaluation was also carried out comparing the use of amino acids Glycine, Lysine, Proline, and Alanine to find out which amino acids were more profitable in the production of copper nanowire. Furthermore, the evaluation is done by estimating the ideal situation and several other state assumptions such as changes in raw material prices, labor costs, and also income tax. From the results of this study, Glycine is known as the most profitable amino acid to be used in this process. In addition, by using Glycine as an ideal condition, based on the results of the evaluation of all parameters, this project is classified as prospective to do. Although further studies must be carried out to develop this project, this study can be the basis for developing new methods of making copper nanowire on a large scale.

scholarly journals Engineering and Economic Perspective in The Production of Cu Nano

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Annisa Yuliandini ◽  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Copper Acetate ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Sorbitan Monooleate ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
Break Even Point

The purpose of this study is to analyze the production of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) on an industrial scale in an engineering perspective and economic evaluation perspective. Energy is needed because of various energy related applications. Evaluation of Cu nanoparticle production in an engineering perspective is carried out from the selection of processes that are adapted to industrial scale, calculation of mass balance, to the adjustment of commercially available equipment. Evaluation of production from an economic point of view is done by calculating economic parameters: Gross Profit Margin, Internal Return Rate, Payback Period, Cumulative Net Present Value, Profitability Index, and Break Even Point. Briefly from the production process, we use Copper acetate hydrate (CuAc2.2H2O) (as a source of Cu), Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene-(80)-sorbitan monooleate) and ethylene glycol (as a reducing agent). The engineering viewpoint shows this process is capable of producing Cu nanoparticles which can be used as conductive nanoionic. Economic evaluation determines the process is beneficial, discussing with positive values ​​all economic parameters. However, for some variations this process is not profitable, so economic evaluation is needed.

Optimal Design and Techno-Economic Analysis for Corncob Particles Briquettes: A Literature Review of the Utilization of Agricultural Waste and Analysis Calculation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto ◽  
Nissa Nur Azizah ◽  
Gabriela Chelvina Santiuly Girsang
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Scale Production

Corncob is usually disposed of directly as waste, creating problems in the environment, while it can be converted into valuable materials. This research aimed to evaluate the literature review on briquette production from agricultural waste (using non-binder and cold press with a binder) and the current works on techno-economic analysis, to propose an optimal design for the production of briquette from corncob waste, and to perform a techno-economic analysis based on the selected optimal processing method. The engineering perspective based on stoichiometry and mass balance showed the potential corncob briquette manufacture in both home and large scales due to the possible use of inexpensive and commercially available equipment and raw materials. The economic perspective [based on several economic evaluation factors (i.e., gross profit margin, payback period, break-even point, cumulative net present value, return of investment, internal rate return, and profitability index) under ideal and non-ideal conditions by considering internal (i.e., sales, raw materials, utilities, and variable cost) and external aspects (i.e., tax)] confirmed the prospective development of the project in the large-scale production with a lifetime of more than 18 years. The main issue in the project is the raw material (i.e. tapioca flour), giving the most impact on the project’s feasibility. Even in severe conditions, the project is feasible. The great endurance was also confirmed in the case of a higher tax rate. This study demonstrates the importance of producing corncob-based briquettes for improving the economic value and giving alternatives for problem solvers in the utilization of agricultural waste.

scholarly journals Risk of large-scale fires in boreal forests of Finland under changing climate

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Lehtonen ◽  
A. Venäläinen ◽  
M. Kämäräinen ◽  
H. Peltola ◽  
H. Gregow
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Danger ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Projected Change ◽  
Fire Activity ◽  
Model Variability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The target of this work was to assess the impact of projected climate change on forest-fire activity in Finland with special emphasis on large-scale fires. In addition, we were particularly interested to examine the inter-model variability of the projected change of fire danger. For this purpose, we utilized fire statistics covering the period 1996–2014 and consisting of almost 20 000 forest fires, as well as daily meteorological data from five global climate models under representative concentration pathway RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The model data were statistically downscaled onto a high-resolution grid using the quantile-mapping method before performing the analysis. In examining the relationship between weather and fire danger, we applied the Canadian fire weather index (FWI) system. Our results suggest that the number of large forest fires may double or even triple during the present century. This would increase the risk that some of the fires could develop into real conflagrations which have become almost extinct in Finland due to active and efficient fire suppression. However, the results reveal substantial inter-model variability in the rate of the projected increase of forest-fire danger, emphasizing the large uncertainty related to the climate change signal in fire activity. We moreover showed that the majority of large fires in Finland occur within a relatively short period in May and June due to human activities and that FWI correlates poorer with the fire activity during this time of year than later in summer when lightning is a more important cause of fires.

scholarly journals Performance and Economic Evaluation of Solar Rooftop Systems in Different Regions of Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suntiti Yoomak ◽  
Theerasak Patcharoen ◽  
Atthapol Ngaopitakkul
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Solar Power Generation ◽  
Generation Capacity

Solar rooftop systems in the residential sector have been rapidly increased in the term of installed capacity. There are various factors, such as climate, temperature, and solar radiation, that have effects on solar power generation efficiency. This paper presents a performance assessment of a solar system installed on the rooftop of residence in different regions of Thailand by using PSIM simulation. Solar rooftop installation comparison in different regions is carried out to evaluate the suitable location. In addition, three types of solar panels are used in research: monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin-film. The electrical parameters of real power and energy generated from the systems are investigated and analyzed. Furthermore, the economic evaluation of different solar rooftop system sizes using the monocrystalline module is investigated by using economic indicators of discounted payback period (DPP), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and profitability index (PI). Results show that the central region of Thailand is a suitable place for installing solar rooftop in terms of solar radiation, and the temperature has more solar power generation capacity than the other regions. The monocrystalline and polycrystalline solar panels can generate maximum power close to each other. All solar rooftop sizes with the Feed-in Tariff (FiT) scheme give the same DPP of 6.1 years, IRR of 15%, and PI of 2.57 which are better than the cases without the FiT scheme. However, a large-scale installation of solar rooftop systems can receive more electrical energy produced from the solar rooftop systems. As a result, the larger solar rooftop system sizes can achieve better economic satisfaction.

Re-habitation and changes in the genetic diversity of aquatic insects in a newly restored shoal type habitat created as the result of a nature restoration project in the central basin of the Chikuma-gawa River

Zoosymposia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 384-392
Author(s):  
RIE SAITO ◽  
KAZUKI SEKINÉ ◽  
KOJI TOJO
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Central Basin ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Restoration Project ◽  
Nature Restoration ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Impact

The channels of almost all rivers in Japan have been fixed through the construction of artificial riverbanks to control flooding. In addition, to prevent flooding, maintenance works including the removal of gravel from the channels must be conducted regularly. As a result, the level of most riverbeds within river channels has been lowered, and riverbanks have become far steeper. These large changes to riverside environments have significantly altered the type of habitats available to plants, causing the level of vegetation growth on the riverside to increase. To improve such flood control methods, a new excavation project has commenced in the central area of the Chikuma-gawa River basin, under the auspices of the newly commissioned “Government Nature Restoration Project”. As part of this project, a large shallow environment approximately 1 km in length along the river’s course was newly created. We have attempted to evaluate the impact of this project and the subsequent environmental response, focusing on two dominant benthos, Stenopsyche marmorata and Isonychia japonica, particularly the dynamics of their genetic structure and diversity. Following the excavation of riverbanks and channels, the population density reached the same levels as at the control site, in a relatively short period of time. This is because the research site was limited to a small area within the large-scale river basin, with robust habitats located both upstream and downstream. The two target species in this study represent typical dominant species in the central basin of this river, and occur at high density. In other words, they could be transferred smoothly from the surrounding robust habitats, especially by the flow from upstream.

scholarly journals A BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS AND IMPACT ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS CONSIDERING STATE SOLAR INCENTIVES

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhyun LEE ◽  
Taehoon HONG ◽  
Choongwan KOO ◽  
Chan-Joong KIM
Keyword(s):  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Despite the steady growth and price reductions of solar photovoltaic (PV) market in the United States (U.S.), the solar PV market still depends on financial support and incentives due to its high initial investment cost. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a break-even analysis and impact analysis of residential solar PV systems by state in the U.S., focused on state solar incentives. Three indexes (i.e., net present value, profitability index (PI) and payback period) were used to evaluate the investment value of the residential solar PV systems considering state solar incentives. Furthermore, PI increase ratio was used to analyze the impact of state solar incentives on the economic feasibility of the residential solar PV systems in each state. As a result, it was found that 18 of the 51 target cities have reached the break-even point and seven of the 51 target cities showed great improvement of the economic feasibility of solar PV systems in the U.S. due to excellent state solar incentives. The results of this study can help policy makers to evaluate and compare the economic impacts of the residential solar PV systems by state in the U.S.

scholarly journals Does magnetic field impact tidal dynamics inside the convective zone of low-mass stars along their evolution?

2019 ◽  
Vol 631 ◽  
pp. A111 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Astoul ◽  
S. Mathis ◽  
C. Baruteau ◽  
F. Gallet ◽  
A. Strugarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Low Mass Stars ◽  
Convective Envelope ◽  
Tidal Waves ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Tidal Flows ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
The Impact

Context. The dissipation of the kinetic energy of wave-like tidal flows within the convective envelope of low-mass stars is one of the key physical mechanisms that shapes the orbital and rotational dynamics of short-period exoplanetary systems. Although low-mass stars are magnetically active objects, the question of how the star’s magnetic field impacts large-scale tidal flows and the excitation, propagation and dissipation of tidal waves still remains open. Aims. Our goal is to investigate the impact of stellar magnetism on the forcing of tidal waves, and their propagation and dissipation in the convective envelope of low-mass stars as they evolve. Methods. We have estimated the amplitude of the magnetic contribution to the forcing and dissipation of tidally induced magneto-inertial waves throughout the structural and rotational evolution of low-mass stars (from M to F-type). For this purpose, we have used detailed grids of rotating stellar models computed with the stellar evolution code STAREVOL. The amplitude of dynamo-generated magnetic fields is estimated via physical scaling laws at the base and the top of the convective envelope. Results. We find that the large-scale magnetic field of the star has little influence on the excitation of tidal waves in the case of nearly-circular orbits and coplanar hot-Jupiter planetary systems, but that it has a major impact on the way waves are dissipated. Our results therefore indicate that a full magneto-hydrodynamical treatment of the propagation and dissipation of tidal waves is needed to properly assess the impact of star-planet tidal interactions throughout the evolutionary history of low-mass stars hosting short-period massive planets.

scholarly journals Pervasive Smart Spaces and Environments: A Service-Oriented Middleware Architecture for Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 725190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel S. Familiar ◽  
José F. Martínez ◽  
Lourdes López
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Smart Spaces ◽  
Dynamic Composition ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
The Impact

In the twenty-first century, the impact of wireless and ubiquitous technologies is changing the way people perceive and interact with the physical world. These communication paradigms promise to change and redefine, in a reasonably short period of time, the most common way of our everyday living. The continuous advances in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks and their direct application in Smart Spaces are clear examples of it. However, in order for this kind of new generation infrastructures to have a large-scale dissemination, there are still some open issues to tackle. In this way, this paper presents nSOM, a service-oriented framework based on sensor network design that provides internetworking services with the Internet cloud. This lightweight middleware architecture implements an agent-based virtual sensor service approach which is a compact semantic knowledge management scheme based on a dynamic composition model.

scholarly journals Labrador Sea freshening linked to Beaufort Gyre freshwater release

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxu Zhang ◽  
Wilbert Weijer ◽  
Michael Steele ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Tarun Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Beaufort Gyre ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Freshwater Release ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe Beaufort Gyre (BG), the largest Arctic Ocean freshwater reservoir, has drastically increased its liquid freshwater content by 40% in the past two decades. If released within a short period, the excess freshwater could potentially impact the large-scale ocean circulation by freshening the upper subpolar North Atlantic. Here, we track BG-sourced freshwater using passive tracers in a global ocean sea-ice model and show that this freshwater exited the Arctic mostly through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, rather than Fram Strait, during an historical release event in 1983–1995. The Labrador Sea is the most affected region in the subpolar North Atlantic, with a freshening of 0.2 psu on the western shelves and 0.4 psu in the Labrador Current. Given that the present BG freshwater content anomaly is twice the historical analog studied here, the impact of a future rapid release on Labrador Sea salinity could be significant, easily exceeding similar fluxes from Greenland meltwater.

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