Case Studies of Distributed Generation Projects With Microturbines in Brazil

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Eber Batista Gomes ◽  
Marco Antoˆnio Rosa do Nascimento ◽  
Electo Eduardo Silva Lora
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Economical Analysis ◽  
Energy Company ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Generation Costs ◽  
The Cost

Microturbines have showed good perspectives for the distributed generation of the electricity in low capacity range, because they have high reliability and simple design (high potential for a cheap manufacture and in large scale). Besides, this technology must have a great application in systems of cogeneration of the public service (malls, hotel, hospital, etc.) and in the distributed generation of the electricity in the developing countries in order to get a reliable operation system, in a range of power compatible with the isolated communities. In Brazil, The Thermal Systems Study Group (NEST) of Federal University of Itajuba´ (UNIFEI) sponsored by The Energy Company of Minas Gerais (CEMIG), are developing a project of experimental valuation of the system with microturbines for electricity generation fueled with natural gas and diesel. The objective of this paper is to show an economic evaluation which presents the generation costs and the payback period with the Capstone 30 kW natural gas microturbines business in three cases: microturbines operating on base load in gas station, microturbines operating on peak shave in the industry and a microturbine cogeneration system operating in the residential segment. It was considered the cost of microturbines at this moment and the projection for the future, as well as the cost of electricity and natural gas in Brazil. An economical analysis was carried out for different variables involved and the results show the Capstone 30 kW natural gas microturbines business are feasible firstly in cogeneration cases which is possible to get until 3 years of payback period. Besides, the return on the investment have shown improvements with the incentive of the natural gas distributing companies and with the rises in the electricity price of Brazilian utilities.

scholarly journals Technologies for Distributed Generation: key performance factors for industrial application

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Nalbandyan ◽  
S. S. Zholnerchik
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
The Cost

The reduction in the cost of technologies for distributed generation involves an increasing decentralization of power generation and large-scale development of distributed sources around the world. This trend is a key change in both the characteristics of electricity consumption: it is becoming increasingly flexible and mobile, and the patterns of consumer behavior in the electricity market. Electricity consumers are becoming at the same time its suppliers and require revision of traditional regulation standards of the electricity market. The purpose of the article is to assess the influence of distributed generation on the economy of both enterprises and the country as a whole. To identify the effects of the introduction of distributed generation technologies, the method of case study analysis is used. The empirical analysis was carried out on the basis of twelve Russian companies that use their own energy sources. The selected companies belong to the following industries: industrial production, housing and communal services, retail trade, construction, agriculture. Technological and economic effects are revealed. Technological ones include: improving consumer reliability, energy security, involving local energy resources, optimizing load management and redundancy, providing the flexibility of smart grids (in terms of generation), reducing the load on the environment, including CO2 emissions. Economic effects: optimization of the load schedule, reduction of losses in the process of transmission/distribution of energy, expansion of cogeneration, etc., providing the consumer with the electricity of a given quality, saving losses in networks, reducing the cost of energy. The identified effects of the introduction of distributed generation technologies make it possible to highlight the advantages of regeneration facilities: high efficiency and the possibility of cogeneration and trigeneration, individual maneuvering capacity loading, high reliability of equipment, low cost of transportation of electricity, fuel usage of the by-products and the main production waste. In conclusion, recommendations are formulated on a set of measures for the development of industrial distributed generation in Russia at the Federal level.

Thermoeconomic Optimization of COOLCEP-S: A Novel Zero-CO2-Emission Power Cycle Using LNG (Liquified Natural Gas) Coldness

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Liu ◽  
Noam Lior ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
Wei Han
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Pinch Point ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
The Cost

This paper presents a thermoeconomic optimization of a novel zero-CO2 and other emissions and high efficiency power and refrigeration cogeneration system, COOLCEP-S† which uses the liquefied natural gas (LNG) coldness during its revaporization. It was predicted that at the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of 900°C, the energy efficiency of the COOLCEP-S system reaches 59%. The thermoeconomic optimization determines the specific cost, the cost of electricity, and the system payback period. The optimization started by performing a thermodynamic sensitivity analysis, which has shown that for a fixed TIT and pressure ratio, the pinch point temperature difference in the recuperator, ΔTp1, and that in the condenser, ΔTp2, are the most significant unconstrained variables to have a significant effect on the thermal performance of this novel cycle. The thermoeconomic analysis of the cycle (with fixed net power output of 20 MW and plant life of 40 years) shows that the payback period with the revenue from electricity and CO2 mitigation was ∼5.9 years, and would be reduced to ∼3.1 years when there is a market for the refrigeration byproduct. The capital investment cost of the economically optimized plant is estimated to be about $1,000/kWe, and the cost of electricity is estimated to be 0.34–0.37 CNY/kWh (∼0.04 $/kWh). These values are much lower than those of conventional coal power plants being installed at this time in China, which, in contrast to COOLCEP-S, do produce CO2 emissions at that.

Economical and Environmental Aspects of the Microturbine’s Application in Brazil

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Eber Batista Gomes ◽  
Vladimir Rafael Melian Cobas ◽  
Marco Antoˆnio Rosa do Nascimento ◽  
Electo Eduardo Silva Lora
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Cost

Microturbine generators have shown good perspectives for small scale distributed generation. In Brazil, the Thermal Systems Study Group of Federal School of Engineering of Itajuba´, sponsored by the CEMIG (Electrical Utility of Minas Gerais), is developing a project about experimental evaluation of microturbines systems. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the cost of generating electricity with microturbines and show the emissions range of microturbines operating with natural gas. The cost of the microturbine generators as well as the cost of the electricity and natural gas in Brazil at this moment and the projection for the future were considered.

Techno-Economic Analysis of a Carbon Capture Chemical Looping Combustion Power Plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oghare Victor Ogidiama ◽  
Mohammad Abu Zahra ◽  
Tariq Shamim
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Chemical Looping Combustion ◽  
Chemical Looping ◽  
Natural Gas Combined Cycle ◽  
Energy Penalty ◽  
The Cost

High energy penalty and cost are major obstacles in the widespread use of CO2 capture techniques for reducing CO2 emissions. Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is an innovative means of achieving CO2 capture with less cost and low energy penalty. This paper conducts a detailed techno-economic analysis of a natural gas-fired CLC-based power plant. The power plant capacity is 1000 MWth gross power on a lower heating value basis. The analysis was done using Aspen Plus. The cost analysis was done by considering the plant location to be in the United Arab Emirates. The plant performance was analyzed by using the cost of equipment, cost of electricity, payback period, and the cost of capture. The performance of the CLC system was also compared with a conventional natural gas combined cycle plant of the same capacity integrated with post combustion CO2 capture technology. The analysis shows that the CLC system had a plant efficiency of 55.6%, electricity cost of 5.5 cents/kWh, payback time of 3.77 years, and the CO2 capture cost of $27.5/ton. In comparison, a similar natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plant with CO2 capture had an efficiency of 50.6%, cost of electricity of 6.1 cents/kWh, payback period of 4.57 years, and the capture cost of $42.9/ton. This analysis shows the economic advantage of the CLC integrated power plants.

Efficiencies and Benefits Gained by Small Pipeline Companies From the Implementation of Cost-Effective GIS Technology

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Energy Company ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Gis System

Many smaller pipeline operating companies see the benefits of implementing a Geographic Information System (GIS) to organize pipeline data and meet the requirements of 49 CFR 195, but cannot justify the cost of a large-scale AM/FM/GIS system. PPL Interstate Energy Company (PPL IE) is a pipeline company with 84 miles of main that implemented a GIS solution that leverages both existing technology and facility data investments. This paper discusses the process used to acquire landbase data, to organize existing pipeline data from a variety of paper-based and digital sources, and to integrate these data sets. It will also discuss the functionality and benefits of the resultant GIS.

scholarly journals Are Nano-Composite Coatings the Key for Photovoltaic Panel Self-Maintenance: An Experimental Evaluation

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Pedrazzi ◽  
Giulio Allesina ◽  
Alberto Muscio
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Monitoring Campaign ◽  
Economical Analysis ◽  
Nano Coating ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Cost

This article shows the influence of an anti-fouling nano-coating on the electrical energy produced by a string of photovoltaic modules. The coating effect was evaluated comparing the energy produced by two strings of the same PV power plant: one of them was cleaned and the other was cleaned and treated with the coating before the monitoring campaign. The PV plant is located in Modena, north of Italy. A first monitoring campaign of nine days after the treatment shows that the treatment increases the energy production on the PV arrays by about 1.82%. Results indicate that the increase is higher during sunny days with respect to cloudy days. A second monitoring campaign of the same length, but five months later, shows that the energy gain decreases from 1.82% to 0.69% due to the aging of the coating, which is guaranteed for one year by the manufacturer. A technical-economical analysis demonstrates that at the moment the yearly economic gain is 0.43 € per square meter of panel and the cost of the treatment is about 1 € per square meter. However, large scale diffusion can reduce the production cost and thus increase the affordability of the coating.

scholarly journals Simulation and Experimental Results of a 3 kWp Rooftop PV System in Surabaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Fitri Dwi Kartikasari ◽  
Elieser Tarigan ◽  
Alejandro Comte Torres
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
The Cost

Simulation studies for a PV system would be useful for planning before real implementation, and to predict the cost for a large scale PV system. This work is to simulate a 3 kWp rooftop photovoltaic (PV) system under the climate of Surabaya, Indonesia. SolarGIS PV Planner and RETScreen simulation tools are used in this work. The simulation results are then compared with a full year of measurement results. The results of simulations show that a 3 kWp rooftop system could produce electricity of 4,200 kWh per year, while in the real measurement energy production is found about 3,898 kWh per year. There were slightly different results values of energy output between  Simulation and real measurement of the PV system, however statistically it still can be accepted. Economic analysis shows that, under current conditions, a grid-connected PV system investment would give about 5 years of the payback period. Environmentally, the 3 kWp PV system would provide a reduction of CO2 emission of about 2.7 tons per year.

scholarly journals Cost Analysis of Nuclear Hydrogen Production Using IAEA-HEEP 4 Software

2021 ◽  
Vol 2048 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
E Dewita ◽  
R Prassanti ◽  
K S Widana ◽  
Y S B Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Nuclear Heat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Hydrogen is a commercially important element. Basically, there are several methods of hydrogen production that have been commercially used, such as Steam Methane Reforming (SMR), High Temperature Steam Electrolysis (HTSE), and thermochemical cycles, like Sulphur-Iodine (SI). Among these methods, SMR is the most widely used for large-scale hydrogen production, with conversion efficiency between 74–85% and it has commercially used in some fertilizer industries in Indonesia. Steam reforming is a method to convert alkane (natural gas) compounds to hydrogen and carbon dioxide (synthetic gas) by adding moisture at high pressure and temperature (35-40 bar; 800-900°C). These hydrogen production technologies can be coupled with different nuclear reactors based on the heat required in the process. The High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) using helium as a coolant, has a high outlet temperature (900°C), so it can potentially be used to supply for process heat for hydrogen production, coal liquefaction/gasification or for other industrial processes requiring high temperature heat. Hydrogen production cost from SMR method is influenced by a range of technical and economic factors. The fuel component of natural gas needed in the SMR method can be replaced by nuclear heat from a nuclear power plant (NPP) operating in cogeneration mode (i.e. simultaneous producing electric power and heat), hence contributing to the reduction of carbon dioxide in the process. In the SMR method, fuel costs are the largest cost component, accounting for between 45% and 75% of production costs. Therefore, there is opportune to assess the economics of hydrogen production by using nuclear heat. The economic evaluation is done by using IAEA HEEP-4 Software. The results comprise cost break up for 2 cases, coupling SMR process for hydrogen production with: (1) 2 HTGRs of 170 MWth/unit; and (2) 1 HTGR of 600 MWth/unit. The cost of hydrogen production is highly depend on the scale of the NPP as energy source and results indicated that hydrogen production cost of the 1 HTGR Unit600 MWth (Case 2) has a lower value (1.72 US$/kgH2), than the cost obtained when 2 HTGR units of 170 MWth each (case 1) are considered (2.72 US$/kgH2). For comparison, the hydrogen production cost by using SMR with carbon capture and storage (CCS) with natural gas as fuel is 2.27 US$/kgH2.

The Pipe Inspection Lifecycle

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nemeth ◽  
Troy I. Walda
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Data Management System ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Pipe Inspection ◽  
Web Portal ◽  
Field Inspection

Energy Transfer has implemented a new, comprehensive field-inspection system for the pipe inspection lifecycle that encompasses aerial observations, pipe exposures, foreign line crossings, in-line inspections, anomaly remediation, pipe inspection, and integrity sheet generation. In order to ensure the integrity of the pipe inspection program, the field inspection solution required full audit-trail capabilities, front-side data validation, and full integration with the corporate-wide GIS and Engineering Data Management System. Additionally, to ensure the success of the new inspection program, the inspection solution required a highly intuitive and field user-friendly interface, the ability to work equally well in both connected and disconnected environments, interactive mapping functionality, very high reliability, and a process-driven architecture. Energy Transfer owns and operates approximately 43,000 miles of natural gas, natural gas liquids, refined products, and crude oil pipelines. Due to the size and diversity of Energy Transfer’s assets, the corporate GIS system must be distributed across seven independent instances consisting of server pools and large-scale relational database management systems (RDBMS). Although each system must be functionally independent, the field inspection system and the inspection process must interact with each server and RDBMS instance with equal functionality and be able to report on all pipe inspection activities across the enterprise. The inspection system is used by over 1,200 Energy Transfer employees and contractors, and approximately 15,000 inspections are performed annually. The system supports a variety of devices, such as: laptops, tablet computers, iOS devices (i.e., iPads, iPhones), and Android devices. Whether on foot, in vehicles or aircraft, users can enter information from the platform that best meets the needs of their individual environment. Information collected on any device is available for continuance of the pipe inspection lifecycle on any other device and is available in real time at the corporate offices via a Web portal. The Web portal provides visualization tools for both business and engineering analysis such as progress tracking and remediation planning. These functions are supported through the portal’s integrated mapping, dash boarding, and a reporting functionality that includes advanced search capabilities for both comparative and predictive analysis. In addition to utilization for the pipe inspection lifecycle, the inspection system is being used for a variety of other inspection and regulatory compliance-related activities, including: cathodic protection, incident reporting, corrosion assessment, DOT structure location, MAOP-MOP establishment, shallow cover, unmetered gas loss, and many more right-of-way related activities.

Fuzzy multi-objective location and routing problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 3259-3273
Author(s):  
Nasser Shahsavari-Pour ◽  
Najmeh Bahram-Pour ◽  
Mojde Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Location Routing Problem ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Location Allocation ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Location Routing ◽  
The Cost

The location-routing problem is a research area that simultaneously solves location-allocation and vehicle routing issues. It is critical to delivering emergency goods to customers with high reliability. In this paper, reliability in location and routing problems was considered as the probability of failure in depots, vehicles, and routs. The problem has two objectives, minimizing the cost and maximizing the reliability, the latter expressed by minimizing the expected cost of failure. First, a mathematical model of the problem was presented and due to its NP-hard nature, it was solved by a meta-heuristic approach using a NSGA-II algorithm and a discrete multi-objective firefly algorithm. The efficiency of these algorithms was studied through a complete set of examples and it was found that the multi-objective discrete firefly algorithm has a better Diversification Metric (DM) index; the Mean Ideal Distance (MID) and Spacing Metric (SM) indexes are only suitable for small to medium problems, losing their effectiveness for big problems.

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