Magnetic Field Assisted 3D Printing of Limpet Teeth Inspired Polymer Matrix Composite With Compression Reinforcement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Joralmon ◽  
Evangeline Amonoo ◽  
Yizhen Zhu ◽  
Xiangjia Li
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Geometric Morphology

Abstract Lightweight and cost-effective polymer matrix composites (PMCs) with extraordinary mechanical performance will be a key to the next generation of diverse industrial applications such as aerospace, electric automobile, and biomedical devices. Limpet teeth made of mineral-polymer composites have been proved as nature’s strongest material due to the unique hierarchical architectures of mineral fiber alignment. Here, we present an approach to build limpet teeth inspired structural materials with precise control of geometric morphologies of microstructures by magnetic field-assisted 3D printing (MF-3DP). α-Iron (III) oxide-hydroxide nanoparticles (α-FeOOHs) are aligned by the magnetic field during 3D printing and aligned α-FeOOHs bundles are further grown to aligned goethite-based bundles (aGBs) by rapid thermal treatment after printing. The mechanical reinforcement of goethite-based fillers in PMCs can be modulated by adjusting the geometric morphology and alignment of mineral particles encapsulated inside the 3D printed PMCs. In order to identify the mechanical enhancement mechanism, physics-based modeling, simulation, and tests were conducted and the results further guided the design of bioinspired goethite-based PMCs. The correlation of the geometric morphology of self-assembled α-FeOOHs, curing characteristics of α-FeOOHs/polymer composite, and process parameters were identified to establish the optimal design of goethite-based PMCs. The 3D-printed PMCs with aGBs show promising mechanical reinforcement. This study opens intriguing perspectives for designing high strength 3D printed PMCs on the basis of bioinspired architectures with customized configurations.

Magnetic Field-Assisted 3D Printing of Limpet Teeth Inspired Polymer Matrix Composite With Compression Reinforcement

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan Joralmon ◽  
Evangeline Amonoo ◽  
Yizhen Zhu ◽  
Xiangjia Li
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Geometric Morphology

Abstract Lightweight and cost-effective polymer matrix composites (PMCs) with extraordinary mechanical performance will be a key to the next generation of diverse industrial applications, such as aerospace, electric automobile, and biomedical devices. Limpet teeth made of mineral-polymer composites have been proved as nature’s strongest material due to the unique hierarchical architectures of mineral fiber alignment. Here, we present an approach to build limpet teeth inspired structural materials with precise control of geometric morphologies of microstructures by magnetic field-assisted 3D printing (MF-3DP). α-Iron (III) oxide-hydroxide nanoparticles (α-FeOOHs) are aligned by the magnetic field during 3D printing and aligned α-FeOOHs (aFeOOHs) bundles are further grown to aligned goethite-based bundles (aGBs) by rapid thermal treatment after printing. The mechanical reinforcement of aGBs in PMCs can be modulated by adjusting the geometric morphology and alignment of α-FeOOHs encapsulated inside the 3D printed PMCs. In order to identify the mechanical enhancement mechanism, physics-based modeling, simulation, and tests were conducted, and the results further guided the design of bioinspired goethite-based PMCs. The correlation of the geometric morphology of self-assembled α-FeOOHs, curing characteristics of α-FeOOHs/polymer composite, and process parameters were identified to establish the optimal design of goethite-based PMCs. The 3D printed PMCs with aGBs show promising mechanical reinforcement compared with PMCs without aGBs. This study opens intriguing perspectives for designing high strength 3D printed PMCs on the basis of bioinspired architectures with customized configurations.

On mechanical and surface properties of electro-active polymer matrix-based 3D printed functionally graded prototypes

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572090767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Sharma ◽  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Ajay Batish
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Testing ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

This research article reports the mechanical and surface properties of 3D printed electro-active polymer (EAP) matrix-based functionally graded prototypes with fused deposition modeling. The standard tensile specimens (per ASTM D-638-type IV) have been 3D printed using in-house developed feedstock filament. The EAP, polyvinyl diene fluoride (PVDF)-based matrix, has been used with the reinforcement of barium titanate (BT) and graphene (Gr) in this study. The fixed proportion of the polymer matrix composite comprising PVDF (78 wt%) + Gr (2 wt%) + BT (20 wt%) has been selected for 3D printing of smart polymer matrix. The results of mechanical testing suggested that the 3D printing of parts performed at 50 mm/s infill speed; infill angle of 45° at maximum density level (100%) has shown better mechanical strength (peak strength 42.98 MPa and break strength 40.70 MPa). The result of surface hardness has shown strong correlation with observed tensile properties. The microphotographs of fractured surfaces revealed that the parts fabricated at highest density have minimum porosity, resulting into better mechanical performance as compared to parts fabricated at lower density level. Further the results of mechanical testing have been supported by 3D rendered images and surface roughness profile.

Mechanical Performance Analysis of ULTEM 9085 in a Heated, Irradiated Environment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Ng ◽  
Sean N. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inspection Systems ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Cost Efficient

This paper investigates the thermal and radiation performance of 3D-printed ULTEM materials following ASTM standard D638. ULTEM is a thermoplastic in the polyetherimide (PEI) family that is regularly used as a high-grade material for 3D printing. This material has similar properties to polyether ether ketone (PEEK), which is another thermoplastic that has strong mechanical properties at elevated temperature conditions. While PEEK has stronger mechanical properties, ULTEM is significantly more cost efficient to acquire and process via 3D printing. Also, most 3D printers are unable to utilize PEEK because of the significantly higher temperature requirements this material imposes on a 3D printer. This work is motivated by the need to rapidly deploy robotic inspection systems within a nuclear canister environment, which exposes the material to temperatures up to 170°C (340°F), and radiation levels of 270 Gy/hr (27 krad/hr), which are significantly beyond that of conventional 3D-printed parts. The design analysis was performed via an experiment consisting of three treatment groups of dogbone ULTEM test pieces. After tensile testing all of the pieces, the material properties were compared to those of the control group. These results allow manufacturers to select a more cost-effective material to build parts to operate in such a harsh high-temperature, high-radiation environment, which could include applications in both space systems and nuclear inspection robotics. Specifically, the results were used to guide the development of a robust robotic inspection system for the Nuclear Energy University Program (NEUP) by replacing complex parts with easily-fabricated 3D-printed ULTEM pieces.

scholarly journals Development of Bioinspired Functional Chitosan/Cellulose Nanofiber 3D Hydrogel Constructs by 3D Printing for Application in the Engineering of Mechanically Demanding Tissues

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1663
Author(s):  
Arnaud Kamdem Tamo ◽  
Ingo Doench ◽  
Lukas Walter ◽  
Alexandra Montembault ◽  
Guillaume Sudre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
3D Printed

Soft tissues are commonly fiber-reinforced hydrogel composite structures, distinguishable from hard tissues by their low mineral and high water content. In this work, we proposed the development of 3D printed hydrogel constructs of the biopolymers chitosan (CHI) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), both without any chemical modification, which processing did not incorporate any chemical crosslinking. The unique mechanical properties of native cellulose nanofibers offer new strategies for the design of environmentally friendly high mechanical performance composites. In the here proposed 3D printed bioinspired CNF-filled CHI hydrogel biomaterials, the chitosan serves as a biocompatible matrix promoting cell growth with balanced hydrophilic properties, while the CNFs provide mechanical reinforcement to the CHI-based hydrogel. By means of extrusion-based printing (EBB), the design and development of 3D functional hydrogel scaffolds was achieved by using low concentrations of chitosan (2.0–3.0% (w/v)) and cellulose nanofibers (0.2–0.4% (w/v)). CHI/CNF printed hydrogels with good mechanical performance (Young’s modulus 3.0 MPa, stress at break 1.5 MPa, and strain at break 75%), anisotropic microstructure and suitable biological response, were achieved. The CHI/CNF composition and processing parameters were optimized in terms of 3D printability, resolution, and quality of the constructs (microstructure and mechanical properties), resulting in good cell viability. This work allows expanding the library of the so far used biopolymer compositions for 3D printing of mechanically performant hydrogel constructs, purely based in the natural polymers chitosan and cellulose, offering new perspectives in the engineering of mechanically demanding hydrogel tissues like intervertebral disc (IVD), cartilage, meniscus, among others.

scholarly journals 3D Printed Imaging Platform for Portable Cell Counting

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diwakar M. Awate ◽  
Cicero C. Pola ◽  
Erica Shumaker ◽  
Carmen L Gomes ◽  
Jaime Javier Juarez
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
3D Printed

Despite having widespread application in the biomedical sciences, flow cytometers have several limitations that prevent their application to point-of-care (POC) diagnostics in resource-limited environments. 3D printing provides a cost-effective approach...

3D Printing of Medical Models: A Literature Review

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingjian Wei ◽  
Li Zeng ◽  
Zhijian Pei
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Medical Models ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Anatomy Teaching

Medical models are physical models of human or animal anatomical structures such as skull and heart. Such models are used in simulation and planning of complex surgeries. They can also be utilized for anatomy teaching in medical curriculum. Traditionally, medical models are fabricated by paraffin wax or silicone casting. However, this method is time-consuming, of low quality, and not suitable for personalization. Recently, 3D printing technologies are used to fabricate medical models. Various applications of 3D printed medical models in surgeries and anatomy teaching have been reported, and their advantages over traditional medical models have been well-documented. However, 3D printing of medical models bears some special challenges compared to industrial applications of 3D printing. This paper reviews more than 50 publications on 3D printing of medical models between 2006 and 2016, and discusses knowledge gaps and potential research directions in this field.

Stable Quantum Dots/Polymer Matrix and Their Versatile 3D Printing Frameworks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruda Xu ◽  
Qiao Chen ◽  
Min Xia ◽  
Bing Bai ◽  
Yuemei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Stable Quantum ◽  
Bulk Scale ◽  
Scale Matrix

Efficient utilization of quantum dots (QDs) in bulk-scale matrix with good enough performance but small quantity is important in real industrial applications. Including the concern of traditional problems of QDs,...

Use of polymer concrete for large-scale 3D printing

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-474
Author(s):  
Martin Krčma ◽  
David Škaroupka ◽  
Petr Vosynek ◽  
Tomáš Zikmund ◽  
Jozef Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Cast State ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose This paper aims to focus on the evaluation of a polymer concrete as a three-dimensional (3D) printing material. An associated company has developed plastic concrete made from reused unrecyclable plastic waste. Its intended use is as a construction material. Design/methodology/approach The concrete mix, called PolyBet, composed of polypropylene and glass sand, is printed by the fused deposition modelling process. The process of material and parameter selection is described. The mechanical properties of the filled material were compared to its cast state. Samples were made from castings and two different orientations of 3D-printed parts. Three-point flex tests were carried out, and the area of the break was examined. Computed tomography of the samples was carried out. Findings The influence of the 3D printing process on the material was evaluated. The mechanical performance of the longitudinal samples was close to the cast state. There was a difference in the failure mode between the states, with cast parts exhibiting a tougher behaviour, with fractures propagating in a stair-like manner. The 3D-printed samples exhibited high degrees of porosity. Originality/value The results suggest that the novel material is a good fit for 3D printing, with little to no degradation caused by the process. Layer adhesion was shown to be excellent, with negligible effect on the finished part for the longitudinal orientation. That means, if large-scale testing of buildability is successful, the material is a good fit for additive manufacturing of building components and other large-scale structures.

scholarly journals Shape-programmed 3D printed swimming microtori for the transport of passive and active agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Remmi Danae Baker ◽  
Thomas Montenegro-Johnson ◽  
Anton D. Sediako ◽  
Murray J. Thomson ◽  
Ayusman Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Active Matter ◽  
Second Mode ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Complex Fluid ◽  
Bimetallic Nanorods ◽  
Behavioral Mode

Abstract Through billions of years of evolution, microorganisms mastered unique swimming behaviors to thrive in complex fluid environments. Limitations in nanofabrication have thus far hindered the ability to design and program synthetic swimmers with the same abilities. Here we encode multi-behavioral responses in microscopic self-propelled tori using nanoscale 3D printing. We show experimentally and theoretically that the tori continuously transition between two primary swimming modes in response to a magnetic field. The tori also manipulated and transported other artificial swimmers, bimetallic nanorods, as well as passive colloidal particles. In the first behavioral mode, the tori accumulated and transported nanorods; in the second mode, nanorods aligned along the toriʼs self-generated streamlines. Our results indicate that such shape-programmed microswimmers have a potential to manipulate biological active matter, e.g. bacteria or cells.

scholarly journals Tuning Physical Crosslinks in Hybrid Hydrogels for Network Structure Analysis and Mechanical Reinforcement

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Lv ◽  
Chuang Liu ◽  
Zhubao Shao ◽  
Shulin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hybrid Particles ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogels

Hydrogels with high mechanical strength are needed for a variety of industrial applications. Here, a series of hydrogels was prepared by introducing hybrid particles as hydrophobic association points to toughen the hydrogels. These toughened hydrogels were able to transfer an external mechanical force via the reorganization of the crosslinking networks. They exhibited an extraordinary mechanical performance, which was the result of the coordination between hydrophobic segments and hybrid particles. Herein, the connection between the dissipated energy of the inner distribution structure (on a small scale) and the mechanical properties (on a large scale) was conducted. Specifically, we inspected hydrogels of latex particles (LPs) with different chain lengths (C4, C12, C18) and studied their inner structural parameters, namely, the relationship between the density and molecular weight of crosslinking points to the mechanical strength and energy dissipation. Favorable traits of the hydrogels included compact internal structures that were basically free from defects and external structures with puncture resistance, high toughness, etc. Based on the experimental results that agreed with the theoretical results, this study provides a profound understanding of the internal structure of hydrogels, and it offers a new idea for the design of high-strength hybrid hydrogels.

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