The eco/Tech Sludge Recycling System: Two Years of Experience

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Champagne
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Recycling System ◽  
Sludge Recycling ◽  
Revenue Streams ◽  
Energy Plants

The eco/Technologies Sludge Recycling System (eco/Tech SRS) was introduced at NAWTEC 10 and has now been operating commercially for two years at the Pioneer Valley Resource Recovery Facility (PVRRF), located in Agawam, Massachusetts. A second system will be installed at the Pittsfield Resource Recovery Facility (PRRF), located in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, in 2004 and EnergyAnswers is now marketing the system to other power plant owners. Presented in this paper is an overview of: • Operating and maintenance history at PVRRF; • Market conditions and challenges; • Air emissions results; • Design enhancements planned for PRRF. The data presented support the potential for waste-to-energy plants, and by extension all solid fuel power plants, to benefit from additional revenue streams while using a waste product to achieve air emissions reductions.

Waste to Energy Conversion and Sustainable Recovery of Nutrients from Pee Power - Recent Advancements in Urine-Fed MFCs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 768-779
Author(s):  
Natarajan Narayanan ◽  
Vasudevan Mangottiri ◽  
Kiruba Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Human Beings

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) offer a sustainable solution for alternative energy production by employing microorganisms as catalysts for direct conversion of chemical energy of feedstock into electricity. Electricity from urine (urine-tricity) using MFCs is a promising cost-effective technology capable of serving multipurpose benefits - generation of electricity, waste alleviation, resource recovery and disinfection. As an abundant waste product from human and animal origin with high nutritional values, urine is considered to be a potential source for extraction of alternative energy in the coming days. However, developments to improve power generation from urine-fed MFCs at reasonable scales still face many challenges such as non-availability of sustainable materials, cathodic limitations, and low power density. The aim of this paper was to critically evaluate the state-of-the-art research and developments in urine-fed MFCs over the past decade (2008-2018) in terms of their construction (material selection and configuration), modes of operation (batch, continuous, cascade, etc.) and performance (power generation, nutrient recovery and waste treatment). This review identifies the preference for sources of urine for MFC application from human beings, cows and elephants. Among these, human urine-fed MFCs offer a variety of applications to practice in the real-world scenario. One key observation is that, effective disinfection can be achieved by optimizing the operating conditions and MFC configurations without compromising on performance. In essence, this review demarcates the scope of enhancing the reuse potential of urine for renewable energy generation and simultaneously achieving resource recovery.

Analysis of Foreign Experience in Using Flue Gas Purification Systems at Waste-to-Energy Plants

Vestnik MEI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Anton N. Efremov ◽  
◽  
Aleksey A. Dudolin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Gas Purification ◽  
Acid Gases ◽  
Purification System ◽  
Flue Gas Purification ◽  
Property Assessment ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Energy Plants

The existing method for selecting the structure of a power plant for thermally recycling municipal solid waste (MSW) in the Russian Federation does not address the matter of selecting all components of an energy complex operating on MSW, but places focus on determining the best accessible waste thermal neutralization technology. This generates the need to search for new methods and to select criteria of choosing the structure for each particular project. A comparative analysis of various structural schemes of waste-to-energy plants widely used outside of Russia will make it possible to reveal their main advantages and drawbacks, and to determine their application fields. The article describes the statistical indicators characterizing the operation of the flue gas purification system from acid gases, which can be applied in performing a feasibility study, intellectual property assessment, and in carrying out front-end engineering. For waste-to-energy plants constructed in an urban environment and aimed to operate with keeping to a minimum the gross emissions of acid gases into the atmospheric air, the use of a wet reactor system is recommended, which will ensure low emissions of HF, HCl, and SOx. The system with a wet reactor will make it possible to reduce gross emissions of harmful substances during the operation of large capacity waste-to-energy power plants and will be a justified choice in such case. In constructing medium capacity waste-to-energy plants (with a throughput of up to 350 000 t of MSW per annum), semi-dry and dry reactors can be used; for such plants, the technology involving the use of a semi-dry reactor is the most preferred one.

Characteristics and Environmental Fate of Mercury in Municipal Waste Combustor Ash Before and After Implementation of the “Maximum Achievable Control Technology” Air Standards

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Alkaline Batteries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Energy Plants

Mercury emissions from waste-to-energy facilities have been a source of public concern for more than ten years following release in the early 1990s of the EPA’s inventory of anthropogenic sources of mercury that listed MWCs as a significant source of mercury air emissions. Since 1990, source reduction, product reformulation, and increasingly effective battery recycling programs reduced mercury in trash by about 90%, according to the EPA. Pollution control equipment on waste-to-energy plants thereafter remove greater than 90% of the remaining mercury in the waste stream that is used as a fuel to generate power. The use of mercury by U.S. manufacturers will decline even further due to the virtual elimination of mercury from alkaline batteries and aggressive recycling and product substitution at hospitals, homes, and businesses. The Clean Air Act regulations promulgated in 1995 under the Maximum Available Control Technology standards have ensured that mercury emissions from waste-to-energy plants nationwide represent less than 3% of the U.S. inventory of man-made mercury sources, according to EPA, (or less than 1% of mercury emissions from all sources). Furthermore, health risk assessments completed over the past several years for new and existing waste-to-energy plants consistently reveal that the levels of mercury emissions result in exposures which are 100 times less than the threshold health effects standard established by federal and state regulatory agencies. Nonetheless, certain environmentalists and critics claim that the significant reduction in mercury air emissions has resulted in a transformation of the metal into the ash. In other words, the questions posed is whether what is not now going up the stack is instead finding its way into the ash. This paper answers that question with a resounding “no.” Based on an analysis of test data, mercury in MWC ash has not increased despite a greater than 90% reduction in mercury emissions.

Ways to Improve the Efficiency of Waste to Energy Plants for the Production of Electricity, Heat and Reusable Materials

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiner Zwahr
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Green Power ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
Energy Plants

Up to now the emissions of waste-to-energy plants have been of major concern for the operators of waste incineration plants and the public. In Germany the emission standards for waste incineration plants have been very strict for more than 10 years, more stringent than for coal fired power plants, for example. Now the member states of the European Union are following suit with the same standards in accordance with European directive 2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste. Within a couple of years all European waste incineration plants will have to comply with the emission limits of directive 2000/76/EC. There is also legislation in the pipeline restricting landfilling of untreated waste. In view of the discussions about CO2 reductions the efficiency of today’s Waste to Energy (WTE) plants should be improved, even though — or rather because — waste is regarded to some extent as “green power”. With the same goal in mind the recovery rate of reusable materials from the incineration of waste or flue gas treatment should be improved. This will make it possible to reduce the amount of CO2 generated by the production of these materials from natural resources and to conserve natural resources.

New FGD Developments in Europe

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Licata ◽  
Wolfgang Schuettenhelm ◽  
Ryszard Kubisa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Conversion Process ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Energy Conversion Process ◽  
Recycle And Reuse ◽  
Energy Plants

Abstract In Europe over the past 40 years there has been considerable social, regulatory, and economic pressures to manage solid waste in a manner that is beneficial to mankind. There have been many successful programs to minimize waste, recycle and reuse waste through energy conversion. As part of the energy conversion process strict air emissions emission standards have been adopted for waste-to-energy plants.

The eco/Tech Sludge Recycling System: New Waste Streams, New Revenues

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Larry Beaumont
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Citizenship ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Recycling System ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Disposal Option ◽  
Sludge Recycling ◽  
Environmentally Sound

The eco/Technologies Sludge Recycling System (eco/Tech SRS) is an important new patented and commercially proven technology that provides resource recovery facilities with a new revenue source and the potential for reduced oxides of nitrogen emissions. The eco/Tech SRS offers an environmentally sound, cost-effective disposal option for sludge producers, while ensuring significant increased net revenue potential for municipal waste combustor facilities. As the wastewater treatment industry faces increasing regulatory scrutiny that will result in more expensive sludge disposal practices, the resource recovery industry, which has already met the regulatory challenge and has taken the lead in compliance and corporate citizenship, can provide the answer.

Comparison of Air Emissions From Waste-to-Energy Facilities to Fossil Fuel Power Plants

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy K. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Research Report ◽  
The Public ◽  
Energy Group ◽  
Fossil Fuel Power Plants

The SWANA Applied Research Foundation’s FY2005 Waste-to-Energy Group identified the need for a public information document that compares the air emissions from waste-to-energy facilities to those of conventional fossil fuel power plants. This paper is based on a research report that was prepared by SWANA in the course of developing the public information document.

scholarly journals Alkali-Activated Binders Using Bottom Ash from Waste-to-Energy Plants and Aluminium Recycling Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Maldonado-Alameda ◽  
Jofre Mañosa ◽  
Jessica Giro-Paloma ◽  
Joan Formosa ◽  
Josep Maria Chimenos
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Aluminium Recycling ◽  
Alkaline Activator ◽  
Alkali Activated Binders ◽  
Energy Plants ◽  
Alkali Activated

Alkali-activated binders (AABs) stand out as a promising alternative to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to the possibility of using by-products and wastes in their manufacturing. This paper assessed the potential of weathered bottom ash (WBA) from waste-to-energy plants and PAVAL® (PV), a secondary aluminium recycling process by-product, as precursors of AABs. WBA and PV were mixed at weight ratios of 98/2, 95/5, and 90/10. A mixture of waterglass (WG) and NaOH at different concentrations (4 and 6 M) was used as the alkaline activator solution. The effects of increasing NaOH concentration and PV content were evaluated. Alkali-activated WBA/PV (AA-WBA/PV) binders were obtained. Selective chemical extractions and physicochemical characterization revealed the formation of C-S-H, C-A-S-H, and (N,C)-A-S-H gels. Increasing the NaOH concentration and PV content increased porosity and reduced compressive strength (25.63 to 12.07 MPa). The leaching potential of As and Sb from AA-WBA/PV exceeded the threshold for acceptance in landfills for non-hazardous waste.

Energy-ecologic efficiency of waste-to-energy plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 1359-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa N.M. Carneiro ◽  
Marcos Sebastião P. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Energy Plants
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