The Effect of Hip Position/Configuration on Anaerobic Power and Capacity in Cycling

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Too
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Order Function ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of systematic changes in hip position/configuration on cycling peak anaerobic power (AP) and anaerobic capacity (AC). Fourteen male recreational cyclists (ages 21-32 yrs) were tested in four hip positions (25, 50, 75, and 100°), as defined by the angle formed by the seat tube and a vertical line. Rotating the seat to maintain a backrest perpendicular to the ground induced a systematic decrease in hip angle from the 25 to the 100° position. The Wingate anaerobic cycling test was used on a Monark cycle ergometer with a resistance of 85 gm/kg of the subject’s body mass. Repeated-measures MANOVAs and post hoc tests revealed that AP and AC in the 75° hip position were significantly greater than in the 25 or 100° position and that a second-order function best describes the trend in AP and AC with changes in hip position.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Countermovement Jump Performance Using a Heavy Load with Velocity-Loss Repetition Control in Female Volleyball Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11530
Author(s):  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Rafal Kalinowski ◽  
Robert Trybulski ◽  
Aleksandra Filip-Stachnik ◽  
Petr Stastny
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Post Hoc

Although velocity control in resistance training is widely studied, its utilization in eliciting post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) responses receives little attention. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of heavy-loaded barbell squats (BS) with velocity loss control conditioning activity (CA) on PAPE in subsequent countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Sixteen resistance-trained female volleyball players participated in this study (age: 24 ± 5 yrs.; body mass: 63.5 ± 5.2 kg; height: 170 ± 6 cm; relative BS one-repetition maximum (1RM): 1.45 ± 0.19 kg/body mass). Each participant performed two different conditions: a set of the BS at 80% 1 RM with repetitions performed until a mean velocity loss of 10% as the CA or a control condition without CA (CNTRL). To assess changes in jump height (JH) and relative mean power output (MP), the CMJ was performed 5 min before and throughout the 10 min after the CA. The two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures showed a significant main effect of condition (p = 0.008; η2 = 0.387) and time (p < 0.0001; η2 = 0.257) for JH. The post hoc test showed a significant decrease in the 10th min in comparison to the value from baseline (p < 0.006) for the CNTRL condition. For the MP, a significant interaction (p = 0.045; η2 = 0.138) was found. The post hoc test showed a significant decrease in the 10th min in comparison to the values from baseline (p < 0.006) for the CNTRL condition. No significant differences were found between all of the time points and the baseline value for the CA condition. The CA used in the current study fails to enhance subsequent countermovement jump performance in female volleyball players. However, the individual analysis showed that 9 out of the 16 participants (56%) responded positively to the applied CA, suggesting that the PAPE effect may be individually dependent and should be carefully verified before implementation in a training program.

scholarly journals Metabolic consequences of β-alanine supplementation during exhaustive supramaximal cycling and 4000-m time-trial performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 864-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip M. Bellinger ◽  
Clare L. Minahan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The present study investigated the effects of β-alanine supplementation on the resultant blood acidosis, lactate accumulation, and energy provision during supramaximal-intensity cycling, as well as the aerobic and anaerobic contribution to power output during a 4000-m cycling time trial (TT). Seventeen trained cyclists (maximal oxygen uptake = 4.47 ± 0.55 L·min−1) were administered 6.4 g of β-alanine (n = 9) or placebo (n = 8) daily for 4 weeks. Participants performed a supramaximal cycling test to exhaustion (equivalent to 120% maximal oxygen uptake) before (PreExh) and after (PostExh) the 4-week supplementation period, as well as an additional postsupplementation supramaximal cycling test identical in duration and power output to PreExh (PostMatch). Anaerobic capacity was quantified and blood pH, lactate, and bicarbonate concentrations were measured pre-, immediately post-, and 5 min postexercise. Subjects also performed a 4000-m cycling TT before and after supplementation while the aerobic and anaerobic contributions to power output were quantified. β-Alanine supplementation increased time to exhaustion (+12.8 ± 8.2 s; P = 0.041) and anaerobic capacity (+1.1 ± 0.7 kJ; P = 0.048) in PostExh compared with PreExh. Performance time in the 4000-m TT was reduced following β-alanine supplementation (−6.3 ± 4.6 s; P = 0.034) and the mean anaerobic power output was likely to be greater (+6.2 ± 4.5 W; P = 0.035). β-Alanine supplementation increased time to exhaustion concomitant with an augmented anaerobic capacity during supramaximal intensity cycling, which was also mirrored by a meaningful increase in the anaerobic contribution to power output during a 4000-m cycling TT, resulting in an enhanced overall performance.

scholarly journals The Acute Post-Activation Performance Enhancement of the Bench Press Throw in Disabled Sitting Volleyball Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3818
Author(s):  
Michal Krzysztofik ◽  
Patryk Matykiewicz ◽  
Diana Celebanska ◽  
Jakub Jarosz ◽  
Eliza Gawel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bar Velocity ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of the present study was to examine the acute effects of the bench press exercise with predetermined velocity loss percentage on subsequent bench press throw (BPT) performance with raised legs or feet on the floor among disabled, sitting volleyball players. Twelve elite sitting volleyball athletes (age = 33 ± 9 years; body mass = 84.7 ± 14.7 kg; relative bench press maximum strength = 1.0 ± 0.3 kg/body mass) took part in this study. The experiment was performed following a randomized crossover design, where each participant performed a single set of bench press with a 60% one-repetition maximum (1RM) to a 10% decrease of mean bar velocity as a conditioning activity (CA). The BPT with a 60%1RM was performed to assess changes in peak power (PP), peak velocity (PV) before and after the CA. The differences between analyzed variables before and after the CA were verified using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (condition × time; 2 × 2). The ANOVA showed a significant main effect of time for peak bar velocity (p = 0.03; η2 = 0.312) and peak power output (p = 0.037; η2 = 0.294). The post hoc comparison showed a significant increase in post-CA peak bar velocity and peak power for raised legs condition in comparison with pre-CA value (p = 0.02, p = 0.041, respectively). The present study showed that the subsequent BPT performed with raised legs could be enhanced by the bench press with a 60% 1RM to a 10% mean bar velocity decrease as a CA among disabled sitting volleyball players. Therefore, athletes and coaches can consider performing a bench press throw with raised legs without compromising performance.

Effects of Oral D-Ribose Supplementation on Anaerobic Capacity and Selected Metabolic Markers in Healthy Males

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.B. Kreider ◽  
C. Melton ◽  
M. Greenwood ◽  
C. Rasmussen ◽  
J. Lundberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Adenine Nucleotide ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Markers

Oral D-ribose supplementation has been reported to increase adenine nucle-otide synthesis and exercise capacity in certain clinical populations. Theoretically, increasing adenine nucleotide availability may enhance high intensity exercise capacity. This study evaluated the potential ergogenic value of D-ribose supplementation on repetitive high-intensity exercise capacity in 19 trained males. Subjects were familiarized to the testing protocol and performed two practice-testing trials before pre-supplementation testing. Each test involved warming up for 5 min on a cycle ergometer and then performing two 30-s Wingate anaerobic sprint tests on a computerized cycle ergometer separated by 3 min of rest recovery. In the pre- and post-supplementation trials, blood samples were obtained at rest, immediately following the first and second sprints, and following 5 min of recovery from exercise. Subjects were then matched according to body mass and anaerobic capacity and assigned to ingest, in a randomized and double blind manner, capsules containing either 5 g of a dextrose placebo (P) or D-ribose (R) twice daily (10 g/d) for 5 d. Subjects then performed post-supplementation tests on the 6th day. Data were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures. Results revealed a significant interaction (p = .04) in total work output. Post hoc analysis revealed that work significantly declined (–18 ± 51 J) during the second post-supplementation sprint in the P group while being maintained in the R group (–0.0 ± 31 J). No significant interactions were observed in peak power, average power, torque, fatigue index, lactate, ammonia, glucose, or uric acid. Results indicate that oral ribose supplementation (10 g/d for 5 d) does not affect anaerobic exercise capacity or metabolic markers in trained subjects as evaluated in this study.

The Effect of Rate of Weight Reduction on Serum Myostatin and Follistatin Concentrations in Competitive Wrestlers

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad S. Motevalli ◽  
Vincent J. Dalbo ◽  
Reza S. Attarzadeh ◽  
Amir Rashidlamir ◽  
Patrick S. Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Pathway Activity ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Nutrient Consumption ◽  
Post Hoc

Purpose:To evaluate anthropometric measures and serum markers of myostatin-pathway activity after different weight-reduction protocols in wrestlers.Methods:Subjects were randomly assigned to a gradual-weight-reduction (GWR) or rapid-weight-reduction (RWR) group. Food logs were collected for the duration of the study. Anthropometric measurements and serum samples were collected after an 8-h fast at baseline and after the weight-reduction intervention. Subjects reduced body mass by 4%. The GWR group restricted calories over 12 d, while the RWR group restricted calories over 2 d. A series of 2 × 5 repeated-measures (RM) ANOVAs was conducted to examine differences in nutrient consumption, while separate 2 × 2 RM ANOVAs were conducted to examine differences in anthropometric measures and serum markers. When applicable, Tukey post hoc comparisons were conducted. Significance for all tests was set at P < .05.Results:There were no between-groups differences for any anthropometric measure (P > .05). Subjects in both groups experienced a significant reduction in body mass, fat mass, lean mass, and percent body fat (P < .05). There were no between-groups differences in serum markers of myostatin-pathway activity (P > .05), but subjects in the RWR condition experienced a significant increase in serum myostatin (P < .01), a decrease in follistatin (P < .01), and an increase in myostatin-to-follistatin ratio (P < .001).Conclusion:Although there were no between-groups differences for any outcome variables, the serum myostatin-to-follistatin ratio was significantly increased in the RWR group, possibly signaling the early stages of skeletal-muscle catabolism.

scholarly journals Anthropometric characteristics and functional capacity of elite rowers and handball players

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
Dea Karaba-Jakovljevic ◽  
Gordana Jovanovic ◽  
Mirela Eric ◽  
Aleksandar Klasnja ◽  
Danijel Slavic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
National Level ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics

Introduction. Anthropometric and anaerobic profile of elite athletes are fundamental for the assessment of their respective performance. The present study was designed to evaluate the anthropometric parameters, body composition and anaerobic characteristics of elite male handball players and rowers, and to compare them in relation to specific sport demands. Material and Methods. The study group consisted of 41 elite national level athletes: 20 handball players (aged 23.7?3.72) and 21 rowers (aged 19.7?2.84). Anthropometric characteristics (body mass, body height, skinfold thickness, body circumferences), and body fat mass were evaluated, and Wingate anaerobic test for anaerobic power assessment was applied. Results. The significant differences were noted in chest, upper arm, waist and hip circumferences, and supraspinal and calf skinfolds between the two investigated groups. Rowers showed higher values of fat body mass (13.2?3.76 vs. 10.7?3.76%), but lower body mass index (22.0?1,92 vs. 25.7?2.31 kg/m2) compared to handball players. When analyzing the Wingate test parameters, significantly higher values of absolute anaerobic power (786?127 vs. 691?140 W), absolute explosive power in the handball players compared to the rowers were recorded (118?26.3 vs. 105?27.8 W/s), while rowers achieved higher relative anaerobic capacity (192?31.2 vs. 177?20.8 J/kg). Conclusion. Specific body composition and anthropometrical assessment as a part of morphological analysis should complement physiological profile of elite athletes. The analysis of the anaerobic performance shows that the handball players have greater alactic anaerobic and explosive power component, compared to the rowers in whom the anaerobic endurance and specific training have the greatest effect on the consumption of dominant metabolic substrate during the race.

scholarly journals The Anaerobic Power Assessment in CrossFit® Athletes: An Agreement Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8878
Author(s):  
Tomás Ponce-García ◽  
Javier Benítez-Porres ◽  
Jerónimo Carmelo García-Romero ◽  
Alejandro Castillo-Domínguez ◽  
José Ramón Alvero-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
One Year ◽  
Agreement Study

Anaerobic power and capacity are considered determinants of performance and are usually assessed in athletes as a part of their physical capacities’ evaluation along the season. For that purpose, many field tests have been created. The main objective of this study was to analyze the agreement between four field tests and a laboratory test. Nineteen CrossFit® (CF) athletes were recruited for this study (28.63 ± 6.62 years) who had been practicing CF for at least one year. Tests performed were: (1) Anaerobic Squat Test at 60% of bodyweight (AST60); (2) Anaerobic Squat Test at 70% of bodyweight (AST70); (3) Repeated Jump Test (RJT); (4) Assault Bike Test (ABT); and (5) Wingate Anaerobic Test on a cycle ergometer (WG). All tests consisted of 30 s of max effort. The differences among methods were tested using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and effect size. Agreement between methods was performed using Bland–Altman analysis. Analysis of agreement showed systematic bias in all field test PP values, which varied between -110.05 (AST60PP—WGPP) and 463.58 (ABTPP—WGPP), and a significant proportional error in ABTPP by rank correlation (p < 0.001). Repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant differences among PP values (F(1.76,31.59) = 130.61, p = < 0.001). In conclusion, since to our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the agreement between various methods to estimate anaerobic power in CF athletes. Apart from ABT, all tests showed good agreement and can be used interchangeably in CF athletes. Our results suggest that AST and RJT are good alternatives for measuring the anaerobic power in CF athletes when access to a laboratory is not possible.

Effects of different loading exercises on apelin levels and physical and hematologic parameters of swimmers

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aykut Dundar ◽  
Sayad Kocahan ◽  
Cengiz Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different exercise loads (short, medium and long swimming distances) on apelin levels and some physical and hematologic parameters of male professional swimmers. Materials and methods Apelin levels, hematologic parameters, whole blood values and physical measurements, including body mass index (BMI), aerobic power values and anaerobic power values, were also obtained. Results It was determined that the thrombocyte, erythrocyte and leukocyte values from the hematologic parameters increased after exercise (p < 0.05). According to the results, there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the pretest apelin level (2090.75 pg/mg) and the apelin levels taken after swimming M 200 m (4260.43 pg/mg) and after swimming L 400 m (3694.4 pg/mg). Conclusions The different exercise loads had significant effects on the hematologic parameters and apelin values in the swimmers. The study also determined the relationships between swimming exercises and aerobic and anaerobic capacity and BMI.

Effect of high-intensity interval training on anaerobic capacity in ITF taekwondo practitioners

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Batra ◽  
Marek Zatoń
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training on anaerobic capacity in taekwondo athletes. Materials and methods. The study recruited 20 male International Taekwondo Federation-style practitioners that were randomly divided into an experimental (n=10) and a control (n=10) group. The control group (C) executed a regular training protocol (five 90-min sessions per week) involving traditional TKD methods and techniques for 8 weeks. During the same timeframe, the experimental group (E) followed the same TKD training regime as group C except two of the five sessions were substituted with interval training-based TKD exercise involving 30 s of maximal kicking drills (round middle kick) separated by 90 s of rest. Anaerobic capacity and power were measured pre- and post-training by the 30-s Wingate cycle ergometer test. Results. Post-training values of peak power, total work output, and time of sustained peak power increased only in group E. Group E was also characterized by a significant post-training increase in minute ventilation (VE) and blood lactate (LA-). No significant changes were observed in group C. Connlusions. The inclusion of interval training-based exercise significantly enhanced anaerobic power and capacity in taekwondo practitioners.

scholarly journals Acute caffeine supplementation retards aerobic and lactic anaerobic performance decline following a simulated futsal protocol

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Azad ◽  
Akbar Taghilou ◽  
Arash Torksamneni
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Blinded Study ◽  
Performance Decline ◽  
Anaerobic Power Output ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Velocity

 AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of caffeine supplementation on aerobic, lactic anaerobic and alactic anaerobic performances in male futsal plyers following a simulated futsal match.Methods: Twenty trained futsal players (age= 34.05±3.7 yr., weight=74.38±8.65 kg, height= 1.75± 4.3 cm, body fat%=20.82±5.6 and BMI=24.15±2.62 kg/m2) participated in this single group, placebo controlled and single blinded study. The participants conducted tow simulated futsal games with 1 week break between them after ingesting either caffeine (3mg/kg body mass) or placebo. The subjects consumed the same food 24 hr. before each protocol protocol. At the baseline and immediately after tow protocols, alactic anaerobic, lactic anaerobic, and aerobic performances were assessed using Sargent jump test, Running based anaerobic sprint (RAST) test and 5 minutes running field test as a measurement of maximal aerobic velocity, respectively. The data were analyzed using repeated measures of analysis of variance.Results: After futsal simulation under caffeine or placebo condition, There were no significant (p≥0.05) differences on alactic anaerobic performance compared to baseline, and alactic anaerobic power output was not significantly(p≥0.05)  different between tow conditions after simulated protocol. After futsal simulation, aerobic and lactic anaerobic performances for caffeine and placebo conditions were significantly (p≤0.05) lower that the baseline. Post protocol aerobic and lactic anaerobic performance measures were found significantly (p≤0.05) higher in the caffeine condition than that of in the placebo.Conclusions: Based on these results it can be said that 3 mg/kg body mass acute caffeine supplementation retards aerobic and lactic anaerobic performances decline after simulated futsal protocol. But it is not clear whether these ergogenic effects influence performance during futsal game. Therefore the results need to be confirmed during simulated and true futsal games.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document