scholarly journals The Anaerobic Power Assessment in CrossFit® Athletes: An Agreement Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8878
Author(s):  
Tomás Ponce-García ◽  
Javier Benítez-Porres ◽  
Jerónimo Carmelo García-Romero ◽  
Alejandro Castillo-Domínguez ◽  
José Ramón Alvero-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
One Year ◽  
Agreement Study

Anaerobic power and capacity are considered determinants of performance and are usually assessed in athletes as a part of their physical capacities’ evaluation along the season. For that purpose, many field tests have been created. The main objective of this study was to analyze the agreement between four field tests and a laboratory test. Nineteen CrossFit® (CF) athletes were recruited for this study (28.63 ± 6.62 years) who had been practicing CF for at least one year. Tests performed were: (1) Anaerobic Squat Test at 60% of bodyweight (AST60); (2) Anaerobic Squat Test at 70% of bodyweight (AST70); (3) Repeated Jump Test (RJT); (4) Assault Bike Test (ABT); and (5) Wingate Anaerobic Test on a cycle ergometer (WG). All tests consisted of 30 s of max effort. The differences among methods were tested using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and effect size. Agreement between methods was performed using Bland–Altman analysis. Analysis of agreement showed systematic bias in all field test PP values, which varied between -110.05 (AST60PP—WGPP) and 463.58 (ABTPP—WGPP), and a significant proportional error in ABTPP by rank correlation (p < 0.001). Repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant differences among PP values (F(1.76,31.59) = 130.61, p = < 0.001). In conclusion, since to our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze the agreement between various methods to estimate anaerobic power in CF athletes. Apart from ABT, all tests showed good agreement and can be used interchangeably in CF athletes. Our results suggest that AST and RJT are good alternatives for measuring the anaerobic power in CF athletes when access to a laboratory is not possible.

scholarly journals The effect of motivational music on aerobic and anaerobic performance among overweight children

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Alon Eliakim ◽  
Michal Eliakim ◽  
Michal Pantanowitz ◽  
Yoav Meckel ◽  
Dan Nemet
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Shuttle Run

The present study examined whether background music improves aerobic and anaerobic performance in overweight children. Eleven participants (14.6±1.5 yrs, BMI%: 94.3±6.5) performed aerobic (20m Shuttle Run) and anaerobic (repeated sprint test – RST) field tests. Ten participants (12.0±2.1 yrs, BMI%:97.4±1.6) performed aerobic (treadmill running) and anaerobic (Wingate Anaerobic Test – WAnT) laboratory tests. Treadmill running time was significantly longer with, compared to without, music (11.9±1.5 versus 10.6±2.2 min, respectively; p<0.007). There was no significant difference in the 20m shuttle run distance with or without music. Total sprint time was significantly faster during RST with, compared to without, music (47.7±4.7 versus 48.5±5.5 s, respectively; p<0.04), with no significant difference in ideal sprint time and performance decrement. There was no significant difference in peak and mean anaerobic power and fatigue index during the WAnT with and without music. Motivational music may be used to improve aerobic and anaerobic performance among overweight children.

The Effect of Hip Position/Configuration on Anaerobic Power and Capacity in Cycling

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Too
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Order Function ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Post Hoc

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of systematic changes in hip position/configuration on cycling peak anaerobic power (AP) and anaerobic capacity (AC). Fourteen male recreational cyclists (ages 21-32 yrs) were tested in four hip positions (25, 50, 75, and 100°), as defined by the angle formed by the seat tube and a vertical line. Rotating the seat to maintain a backrest perpendicular to the ground induced a systematic decrease in hip angle from the 25 to the 100° position. The Wingate anaerobic cycling test was used on a Monark cycle ergometer with a resistance of 85 gm/kg of the subject’s body mass. Repeated-measures MANOVAs and post hoc tests revealed that AP and AC in the 75° hip position were significantly greater than in the 25 or 100° position and that a second-order function best describes the trend in AP and AC with changes in hip position.

scholarly journals Relationships Between Anaerobic Performance, Field Tests and Game Performance of Sitting Volleyball Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Marszalek ◽  
Bartosz Molik ◽  
Miguel Angel Gomez ◽  
Kęstutis Skučas ◽  
Judit Lencse-Mucha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
T Test ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Game Performance

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate relationships between anaerobic performance, field tests, game performance and anthropometric variables of sitting volleyball players. Twenty elite Polish sitting volleyball players were tested using the 30 s Wingate Anaerobic Test for arm crank ergometer and participated in six physical field tests. Heights in position to block and to spike, as well as arm reach were measured. Players were observed during the game on the court in terms of effectiveness of the serve, block, attack, receive and defense. Pearson analysis and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used. The strongest correlations were found between the chest pass test and mean power and peak power (r=.846; p=.001 and r=.708; p=.0005, respectively), and also between the T-test and peak power (r= −.718; p=.001). Mean power correlated with the 3 m test (r= −.540; p=.014), the 5 m test (r= −.592; p=.006), and the T-test (r= −.582; p=.007). Peak power correlated with the 3 m test (r= −.632; p=.003), the 5 m test (r= −.613; p=.004), speed & agility (r= −.552; p=.012) and speed & endurance (r=−.546; p=.013). Significant correlations were observed between anthropometric parameters and anaerobic performance variables (p≤.001), and also between anthropometric parameters and field tests (p≤.05). Game performance and physical fitness of sitting volleyball players depended on their anthropometric variables: reach of arms, the position to block and to spike. The chest pass test could be used as a non-laboratory field test of anaerobic performance of sitting volleyball players.

scholarly journals Acute caffeine supplementation retards aerobic and lactic anaerobic performance decline following a simulated futsal protocol

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Azad ◽  
Akbar Taghilou ◽  
Arash Torksamneni
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Blinded Study ◽  
Performance Decline ◽  
Anaerobic Power Output ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Velocity

 AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of caffeine supplementation on aerobic, lactic anaerobic and alactic anaerobic performances in male futsal plyers following a simulated futsal match.Methods: Twenty trained futsal players (age= 34.05±3.7 yr., weight=74.38±8.65 kg, height= 1.75± 4.3 cm, body fat%=20.82±5.6 and BMI=24.15±2.62 kg/m2) participated in this single group, placebo controlled and single blinded study. The participants conducted tow simulated futsal games with 1 week break between them after ingesting either caffeine (3mg/kg body mass) or placebo. The subjects consumed the same food 24 hr. before each protocol protocol. At the baseline and immediately after tow protocols, alactic anaerobic, lactic anaerobic, and aerobic performances were assessed using Sargent jump test, Running based anaerobic sprint (RAST) test and 5 minutes running field test as a measurement of maximal aerobic velocity, respectively. The data were analyzed using repeated measures of analysis of variance.Results: After futsal simulation under caffeine or placebo condition, There were no significant (p≥0.05) differences on alactic anaerobic performance compared to baseline, and alactic anaerobic power output was not significantly(p≥0.05)  different between tow conditions after simulated protocol. After futsal simulation, aerobic and lactic anaerobic performances for caffeine and placebo conditions were significantly (p≤0.05) lower that the baseline. Post protocol aerobic and lactic anaerobic performance measures were found significantly (p≤0.05) higher in the caffeine condition than that of in the placebo.Conclusions: Based on these results it can be said that 3 mg/kg body mass acute caffeine supplementation retards aerobic and lactic anaerobic performances decline after simulated futsal protocol. But it is not clear whether these ergogenic effects influence performance during futsal game. Therefore the results need to be confirmed during simulated and true futsal games.

scholarly journals Four or Twelve Months' Follow-Up in the Evaluation of Functional Outcome after Hip Fracture Surgery?

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Heikkinen ◽  
P. Jalovaara
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Hip Fracture Surgery ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Walking Aids ◽  
One Year

Background and Aims: As a rule, follow-up for at least one year is recommended for fracture studies. This is considered the shortest reliable interval. Still, in the case of hip fractures of the elderly, shorter follow-up might be more practical, since the life expectancy of these patients is often short. The aim of this study was to see if a short four months follow-up period would be acceptable in hip fracture surveys. Material and Methods: Information on 196 consecutive non-pathological hip fracture patients aged 50 years or over (mean 79 years) was collected using a standardised hip fracture audit concentrating on functional measurements at admission and at four and twelve months' follow-ups. Results: 167 patients were alive at four months and 152 and at one year. The patients who died between four and twelve months had poorer functional capacity in the four-month evaluation than those who survived one year. The analysis of repeated measures, including only the patients alive at the last follow-up, showed that residential status, use of walking aids and 6 out of 10 and ADL variables (bathing, toileting, shopping, household activities, doing laundry, banking) did not change significantly. Walking ability and the rest 4 ADL variables (dressing, eating, food preparation, use of transportation) improved and pain decreased. Conclusions: Due to high mortality and age-related deterioration of functioning, no steady state i.e. “final result” is ever reached after hip fracture in the elderly. Four-month follow-up is justified as the shortest possible period, because the socioeconomically most important variable, i.e. place of living, and most of the ADL functions do not change significantly after that.

Two-Year Repeated Study on Health Effect of Net-Step Exercise Program in Community-Dwelling Older Persons

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mori M ◽  
◽  
Seko T ◽  
Ogawa S ◽  
Kitazawa K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
One Year ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

Background: A light-burden and indoor physical exercise program called Net-Step Exercise (NSE) has been developed in Hokkaido, Japan. Conducting the two-year repeated survey with the Kihon Checklist (KCL) for the same older subjects living in a rural area of Hokkaido where a relatively large proportion of the older persons have participated in NSE activity, we assessed the effectiveness of NSE activity. Methods: The whole of 3,155 community-dwelling persons aged from 75 years to 79 years in 8 towns were the candidates of the study subjects, and 2,183 subjects (69.2%) responded to the first survey (2018 Survey), answering the questions about both frequency of participation in NSE and each item in KCL. The same survey (2019 Survey) was conducted one year later, and completed by 1,956 subjects (93.3%), excluding 25 dead persons or 60 persons who had moved away from the community during the year. In the 2018 Survey as well as the 2019 Survey, Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of each sub-category of KCL for NSE Participants compared with NSE Non-participants was calculated with unconditional logistic regression by sex, adjusting for age, smoking status, and other potentially confounding variables. Repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was also applied by sex. Results: Significantly reduced risk (AOR with 95% CI) was observed in NSE participants in difficulty in activities of daily living in the male subjects in the 2018 Survey (0.64, 0.42-0.98) and in the 2019 Survey (0.50, 0.32-0.79), as well as in the female subjects in the 2018 Survey (0.52, 0.38-0.70) and in the 2019 Survey (0.46, 0.33-0.65), houseboundness in the female subjects in the 2018 Survey (0.42, 0.29-0.60) and in the 2019 Survey (0.70, 0.51-0.96), impaired cognitive function in the male subjects in the 2018 Survey (0.58, 0.36-0.92), and depressive status in the female subjects in the 2018 Survey (0.66, 0.49-0.88). Significant findings were also shown in most of the above four sub-categories by analysis with repeated-measures ANOVA. Conclusion: Either performance of NSE itself or participation in the program, or both, may promote healthy status in the older persons.

scholarly journals Physical and Physiological Characteristics of Elite Male Handball Players from Teams with a Different Ranking

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
Jørgen Ingebrigtsen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Study Team ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine possible discriminant physical and physiological characteristics between elite male handball players from elite teams with different league rankings. Players from three teams (A, B and C), which competed in the first league of the Greek championship during the season 2011-2012 participated in the study. Team A finished first, B came second and C came eighth out of eleven clubs. Teams A and B also participated in European Cups, and team A won the European Challenge Cup. The players (n=44) were examined for anthropometric characteristics and performed a series of physical fitness tests. Players from teams A and B were taller (6.2 cm (0.7;11.7), mean difference (95% CI) and 9.2 cm (4.0;14.5), respectively), and had a higher amount of fat free mass (6.4 kg (1.1;11.8) and 5.4 kg (0.2;10.5)) compared to those of team C. Players from team A performed better than players from team C in the squat jump (5.5 cm (1.0;10.0)), the countermovement jump without (5.5 cm (0.4;10.6)) and with armswing (6.0 cm (0.7;11.3)) and in the 30 s Bosco test (5.7 W.kg-1 (1.2;10.2)). Also, players from team A outperformed team B in mean power during the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT, 0.5 W.kg-1(0;0.9)) and in the Bosco test (7.8 W.kg-1 (3.4;12.2)). Overall, players from the best ranked team performed better than the lowest ranked team on WAnT, vertical jumps and the Bosco test. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that stature and mean power during the Bosco test were the most important characteristics in TH players, accounting for 54.6% of the variance in team ranking. These findings indicate the contribution of particular physical fitness components (stature, fat free mass and anaerobic power) to excellence in TH. In addition, the use of the Bosco test as an assessment tool in talent identification and physical fitness monitoring in this sport is further recommended.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Strength and Power in Master Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. E30-E36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Gacesa
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Master Athletes ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Contraction Velocity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

AbstractThe study compared anaerobic capacity and power in master athletes of different ages, and correlated 2 different anaerobic tests. The study was conducted on 60 male athletes: group I 30–35 years (n1=35, age 32.23±1.53 y), group II 35–45 years (n2=15, age 39.17±3.60 y), group III above 46 years (n3=10, age 52.13±4.50 y). The Wingate anaerobic test and ergometry of elbow flexors, elbow extensors, and knee extensors were performed. Average peak anaerobic power (PP) in group I was 692.94±216.53 W, in group II 593.40±185.91 W, non-significantly lower by 14.4% (p>0.05). In group III, PP was 381.50±117.62 W, significantly lower by 44.9% when compared with group I (p≤0.001). Ergometry parameter of muscle strength and power showed greater decline with age (up to 32.3%) in comparison with contraction velocity (up to 14.1%). Significant correlation was registered between PP and ergometric parameter power for knee extensors (KE) (PP/KE power: r was 0.59 in group I, 0.85 in group II, and 0.90 in group III, p≤0.05). Master athletes represent an interesting population for studying the chronic effects of physical activity on functional capacity changes during ageing. Strength parameters “age” in different fashion, because the contraction velocity parameter is less influenced than strength by the muscle alterations with increasing age.

scholarly journals The Wingate Anaerobic Test, a Narrative Review of the Protocol Variables That Affect the Results Obtained

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7417
Author(s):  
Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Anaerobic Test

The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAT) has been widely used since its creation in 1974. The WAT involves performing a 30 s “all-out” cycling test. The test is currently applied with some modifications, partly due to the evolution of the material used to perform it. The purpose of this text is to act as a guide for the correct use and application of the test, as well as to highlight the importance of controlling many of the variables that may influence its results. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PUBMED/MEDLINE and Web of Science with different combinations of keywords all related to the WAT to obtain a search of 113 papers. Results and discussion: It was observed that variables such as the duration of the test or the resistance used in the cycle ergometer must be adjusted according to the objective and the population evaluated, while others such as the warm-up or the supplementation of different substances can improve performance on the WAT. Conclusions: In order to apply the WAT correctly, variables such as duration, resistance used or warm-up time and intensity must be adjusted according to the evaluated subjects and the aim of the study. Other variables such as position on the bike or equipment used should also be controlled if we want to guarantee its replicability.

scholarly journals Effect of a Taped Filter Mask on Perceived Breathlessness, Heart Rate, Lactate and Oxygen Saturation During a Graded Exercise Test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoi Lam Ng ◽  
Johannes Trefz ◽  
Martin Schönfelder ◽  
Henning Wackerhage
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
The Face

Abstract Background: Face masks are an effective, non-pharmacological strategy to reduce the transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other pathogens. However, it is a challenge to keep masks sealed during exercise, as ventilation can increase from 5-10 L/min at rest to up to 200 L/min so that masks may be blown away from the face. To reduce leakage e.g. during exercise, a face mask was developed that is taped onto the face. The aim of this study was to investigate during a graded cycle ergometry test the effect of a taped mask on the perception of breathlessness, heart rate, lactate, and oxygen saturation when compared to a surgical mask and no mask.Methods: Four trained and healthy males and females each (n=8 in total) performed incremental cycle ergometer tests until voluntary exhaustion under three conditions: (1) No mask/control, (2) surgical mask or (3) taped mask. During these tests, we measured perception of breathlessness, heart rate, the concentration of blood lactate and peripheral oxygen saturation and analysed the resultant data with one or two-way repeated measures ANOVAs. We also used a questionnaire to evaluate mask comfort and analysed the data with paired t-tests. Results: When compared to wearing no mask, a taped face mask significantly reduces the maximal workload in a graded exercise test by 12±6% (p=0.001). Moreover, with a taped face mask, subjects perceive severe breathlessness at 12±9% lower workload (p=0.012) and oxygen saturation at 65% of the maximal workload is 1.5% lower (p=0.018) when compared to wearing no mask. Heart rate and the concentration of lactate were not significantly different at any workload. When compared to wearing a surgical mask, wearing a taped face mask has a significantly better wearing comfort (p=0.038), feels better on the skin (p=0.004), there is a lower sensation of moisture (p=0.026) and wearers perceive that less heat is generated (p=0.021). We found no sex/gender differences for any parameters. Conclusions: A taped mask is well tolerated during light and moderate exercise intensity but reduces maximal exercise capacity.

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