scholarly journals Effect of Carbohydrate Intake during Recovery from Eccentric Exercise on Interleukin-6 and Muscle-Damage Markers

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary P. Miles ◽  
Sherri D. Pearson ◽  
Jan M. Andring ◽  
Jessy R. Kidd ◽  
Stella L. Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplementation ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery ◽  
Glycogen Stores

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether carbohydrate supplementation during the frst 2 d post exercise recovery influenced the inflammation (IL-6, C-reactive protein [CRP], and cortisol) and muscle-damage responses. Eight participants performed a high-force eccentric elbow-fexion exercise to induce muscle soreness and inflammation and then consumed carbohydrate (0.25 g·kg−1·h−1) or an equal volume of placebo during hours 0–12 and 24–36 post exercise in a double-blind, crossover protocol. Muscle soreness; mid brachial arm circumference; blood glucose, IL-6, CRP, cortisol, and creatine-kinase (CK) activity; and maximal force production were measured pre exercise and 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 120 h post exercise. Plasma IL-6 increased, F(5) = 5.27, P < 0.05, 8 h post exercise, with no difference between carbohydrate and placebo conditions. Changes in muscle soreness, arm circumference, strength, and serum CK activity were consistent with small amounts of muscle damage and did not differ between conditions. The authors conclude that carbohydrate supplementation during recovery from soreness-inducing exercise does not influence the delayed IL-6 response temporally linked to inflammation or indications of muscle damage. Thus, increased carbohydrate consumption at levels consistent with recommendations for replenishing glycogen stores does not impair or promote the immune and muscle responses.

scholarly journals Minimal muscle damage after a marathon and no influence of beetroot juice on inflammation and recovery

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Clifford ◽  
Dean M. Allerton ◽  
Meghan A. Brown ◽  
Liam Harper ◽  
Steven Horsburgh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Factor Α

This study examined whether beetroot juice (BTJ) would attenuate inflammation and muscle damage following a marathon. Using a double blind, independent group design, 34 runners (each having completed ca. ∼16 previous marathons) consumed either BTJ or an isocaloric placebo (PLA) for 3 days following a marathon. Maximal isometric voluntary contractions (MIVC), countermovement jumps (CMJ), muscle soreness, serum cytokines, leucocytosis, creatine kinase (CK), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured pre, post, and 2 days after the marathon. CMJ and MIVC were reduced after the marathon (P < 0.05), but no group differences were observed (P > 0.05). Muscle soreness was increased in the day after the marathon (BTJ; 45 ± 48 vs. PLA; 46 ± 39 mm) and had returned to baseline by day 2, irrespective of supplementation (P = 0.694). Cytokines (interleukin-6; IL-6, interleukin-8, tumour necrosis factor-α) were increased immediately post-marathon but apart from IL-6 had returned to baseline values by day 1 post. No interaction effects were evident for IL-6 (P = 0.213). Leucocytes increased 1.7-fold after the race and remained elevated 2 days post, irrespective of supplement (P < 0.0001). CK peaked at 1 day post marathon (BTJ: 965 ± 967, and PLA: 1141 ± 979 IU·L−1) and like AST and hs-CRP, was still elevated 2 days after the marathon (P < 0.05); however, no group differences were present for these variables. Beetroot juice did not attenuate inflammation or reduce muscle damage following a marathon, possibly because most of these indices were not markedly different from baseline values in the days after the marathon.

scholarly journals Low-Dose of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB) Alleviates Muscle Strength Loss and Limited Joint Flexibility Following Eccentric Contractions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1768-1768
Author(s):  
Yosuke Tsuchiya ◽  
Hisashi Ueda ◽  
Eisuke Ochi
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Eccentric Contractions ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Arm Circumference

Abstract Objectives The excessive exercise including eccentric contractions (ECCs) cause the reduction of maximal strength, limitation of range of motion (ROM), developed muscle soreness, and muscle swelling for several days from immediately after exercise. Therefore, it is important to promote the recovery of muscle damage and minimize decreases in muscle function and muscle soreness after exercise. We recently examined the effects of 2- and 4-week β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation (3 g/day) on ECCs-induced muscle damage. As the result, both the 2- and 4-week treatments decreased muscle strength reduction, ROM, and muscle swelling. However, the optimal dose of HMB required for decreasing muscle damage remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the supplemental effect of low-dose HMB on muscle damage after ECCs of human elbow flexor muscles. Methods Twenty untrained men (age, 21.0 ± 1.3 years) were completed the double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design study. The subjects were randomly assigned to the ingestion of HMB supplement (HMB, n = 10) or placebo group (PL, n = 10). After the subjects of 1.5 g HMB or placebo pills per day for 2 weeks, they performed six sets of 10 ECCs at 100% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) using dumbbell. Changes in MVC torque, ROM, upper arm circumference, and muscle soreness were assessed before, immediately after, 1, 2, 3, and 5 days after exercise. Results The MVC torque was significantly higher in the HMB than in the PL group immediately after (HMB, −56.8%; PL, −67.1%) as well as 3 (HMB: −25.5%, PL: −48.7%) and 5 (HMB: −22.5%, PL: −44.0%) days after performing ECCs (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the ROM was significantly higher in the HMB than in the PL group immediately after (HMB, −29.8%; PL, −50.5%) and 5 (HMB: −26.1%, PL: −43.3%) days after performing ECCs (p &lt; 0.05). However, no between-group differences were observed in upper arm circumference, and muscle soreness. Conclusions The results demonstrated that 1.5 g/day HMB significantly inhibits the reduction in muscle strength and ROM after ECCs. In addition, 1.5 g/day HMB has no effect on muscle soreness, swelling, or stiffness. We conclude that 1.5 g/day of HMB supplementation plays a role in preventing muscle damage after performing ECCs, even if the effects are limited. Funding Sources The present study was supported by a research funding by Kobayashi Perfumery Co., Ltd.

scholarly journals The Effect of Orally Dosed Levagen+™ (palmitoylethanolamide) on Exercise Recovery in Healthy Males—A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Mallard ◽  
David Briskey ◽  
Andrew Richards ◽  
Dean Mills ◽  
Amanda Rao
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Thigh Circumference ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Leg Press

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a cannabimimetic compound and lipid messenger, on recovery from muscle damaging exercise. Twenty-eight healthy young male participants attended the laboratory four times on subsequent days. In the first visit, baseline characteristics were recorded before participants were randomized to consume either liquid PEA (167.5 mg Levagen+ with 832.5 mg maltodextrin) or a matched placebo (1 g maltodextrin) drink. Leg press exercise consisted of four sets at 80% of one repetition maximum followed by a performance set. Muscle soreness, thigh circumference, blood lactate concentration, biomarkers of muscle damage and inflammation, and transcription factor pathways were measured pre- and immediately post-exercise and again at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise. The leg press exercise increased (p < 0.05) blood lactate concentration and induced muscle damage as evidenced by increased muscle soreness, thigh circumference, biomarkers of muscle damage, and concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α. PEA reduced (p < 0.05) myoglobin and blood lactate concentrations and increased protein kinase B phosphorylation following exercise. Taken together, these results indicate PEA supplementation may aid in muscle recovery from repeat bouts of exercise performed within a short duration by reducing myoglobin and lactate concentration.

scholarly journals Effects of Amino Acid Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Damage

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
P.▀ Sacco ◽  
K.▀ Mawatari
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Creatine Kinase

This study investigated the effect of a supplement containing 9 essential and 3 non-essential amino acids on muscle soreness and damage by comparing two endurance exercise bouts of the elbow fexors with amino acid or placebo supplementation in a double blind crossover design. The supplement was ingested 30 min before (10 h post-fasting) and immediately after exercise (Experiment 1), or 30 min before (2-3 h after breakfast), immediately post, and 8 more occasions over 4-day post-exercise (Experiment 2). Changes in muscle soreness and indicators of muscle damage for 4 days following exercise were compared between supplement conditions using two-way ANOVA. No significant differences between conditions were evident for Experiment 1; however, plasma creatine kinase, aldolase, myoglobin, and muscle soreness were significantly lower for the amino acid versus placebo condition in Experiment 2. These results suggest that amino acid supplementation attenuates DOMS and muscle damage when ingested in recovery days.

scholarly journals Ketone Monoester Supplementation Does Not Expedite the Recovery of Indices of Muscle Damage After Eccentric Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Martin-Arrowsmith ◽  
Jamie Lov ◽  
Jiaying Dai ◽  
José A. Morais ◽  
Tyler A. Churchward-Venne
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Drop Jumps

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a ketone monoester supplement on indices of muscle damage during recovery after eccentric exercise.Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, independent group design, 20 moderately active healthy young adults consumed 360 mg per kg−1 bodyweight of a ketone monoester (KET) or energy-matched carbohydrate (CON) supplement twice daily following eccentric exercise (drop jumps). Maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) torque, counter-movement jump (CMJ) height, and muscle soreness were measured before (PRE), and immediately (POST), 24 h and 48 h post-exercise. Blood samples were collected for analysis of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), creatine kinase (CK), and select pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines.Results: Peak blood β-OHB concentration after supplement intake was greater (P &lt; 0.001) in KET (4.4 ± 0.8 mM) vs. CON (0.4 ± 0.3 mM). Exercise increased CK concentration at 24 h and 48 h vs. PRE (time: P &lt; 0.001) with no difference between KET and CON. Exercise reduced MIVC (KET: −19.9 ± 14.6; CON: −22.6 ± 11.1%) and CMJ (KET: −11.0 ± 7.5; CON: −13.0 ± 8.7%) at POST relative PRE; however, there was no difference between KET and CON on the recovery of MIVC at 24 h (KET: −15.4 ± 20.4; CON: −18.7 ± 20.1%) or 48 h (KET: −7.2 ± 21.2; CON: −11.8 ± 20.2%), or CMJ at 24 h (KET: −9.2 ± 11.5; CON: −13.4 ± 10.8) or 48 h (KET: −12.5 ± 12.4; CON: −9.1 ± 11.7). Muscle soreness was increased during post-exercise recovery (time: P &lt; 0.001) with no differences between KET and CON. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was greater (group: P = 0.007) in CON (236 ± 11 pg/mL) vs. KET (187 ± 11 pg/mL).Conclusion: In conclusion, twice daily ingestion of a ketone monoester supplement that acutely elevates blood β-OHB concentration does not enhance the recovery of muscle performance or reduce muscle soreness following eccentric exercise in moderately active, healthy young adults.

scholarly journals The Effect of Protein Supplementation versus Carbohydrate Supplementation on Muscle Damage Markers and Soreness Following a 15-km Road Race: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 858
Author(s):  
Dominique S. M. ten Haaf ◽  
Martin A. Flipsen ◽  
Astrid M. H. Horstman ◽  
Hans Timmerman ◽  
Monique A. H. Steegers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplementation ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Road Race

We assessed whether a protein supplementation protocol could attenuate running-induced muscle soreness and other muscle damage markers compared to iso-caloric placebo supplementation. A double-blind randomized controlled trial was performed among 323 recreational runners (age 44 ± 11 years, 56% men) participating in a 15-km road race. Participants received milk protein or carbohydrate supplementation, for three consecutive days post-race. Habitual protein intake was assessed using 24 h recalls. Race characteristics were determined and muscle soreness was assessed with the Brief Pain Inventory at baseline and 1–3 days post-race. In a subgroup (n = 149) muscle soreness was measured with a strain gauge algometer and creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations were measured. At baseline, no group-differences were observed for habitual protein intake (protein group: 79.9 ± 26.5 g/d versus placebo group: 82.0 ± 26.8 g/d, p = 0.49) and muscle soreness (protein: 0.45 ± 1.08 versus placebo: 0.44 ± 1.14, p = 0.96). Subjects completed the race with a running speed of 12 ± 2 km/h. With the Intention-to-Treat analysis no between-group differences were observed in reported muscle soreness. With the per-protocol analysis, however, the protein group reported higher muscle soreness 24 h post-race compared to the placebo group (2.96 ± 2.27 versus 2.46 ± 2.38, p = 0.039) and a lower pressure muscle pain threshold in the protein group compared to the placebo group (71.8 ± 30.0 N versus 83.9 ± 27.9 N, p = 0.019). No differences were found in concentrations of CK and LDH post-race between groups. Post-exercise protein supplementation is not more preferable than carbohydrate supplementation to reduce muscle soreness or other damage markers in recreational athletes with mostly a sufficient baseline protein intake running a 15-km road race.

scholarly journals Muscle Damage Indicated by Maximal Voluntary Contraction Strength Changes From Immediately to 1 Day After Eccentric Exercise of the Knee Extensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikio Shoji ◽  
Ryoichi Ema ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
Akihiro Kanda ◽  
Kosuke Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Group

The present study examined if the magnitude of changes in indirect muscle damage markers could be predicted by maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque changes from immediately to 1 day after eccentric exercise. Twenty-eight young men performed 100 maximal isokinetic (60°/s) eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. MVIC torque, potentiated doublet torque, voluntary activation (VA) during MVIC, shear modulus of rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis and lateralis, and muscle soreness of these muscles were measured before, immediately after, and 1–3 days post-exercise. Based on the recovery rate of the MVIC torque from immediately to 1-day post-exercise, the participants were placed to a recovery group that showed an increase in the MVIC torque (11.3–79.9%, n = 15) or a no-recovery group that showed no recovery (−71.9 to 0%, n = 13). No significant difference in MVIC torque decrease immediately post-exercise was found between the recovery (−33 ± 12%) and no-recovery (−32 ± 9%) groups. At 1–3 days, changes in MVIC torque (−40 to −26% vs. −22 to −12%), potentiated doublet torque (−37 to −22% vs. −20 to −9%), and proximal RF shear modulus (29–34% vs. 8–15%) were greater (p &lt; 0.05) for the no-recovery than recovery group. No significant group differences were found for muscle soreness. The recovery rate of MVIC torque was correlated (p &lt; 0.05) with the change in MVIC torque from baseline to 2 (r = 0.624) or 3 days post-exercise (r = 0.526), or peak change in potentiated doublet torque at 1–3 days post-exercise from baseline (r = 0.691), but not correlated with the changes in other dependent variables. These results suggest that the recovery rate of MVIC torque predicts changes in neuromuscular function but not muscle soreness and stiffness following eccentric exercise of the knee extensors.

scholarly journals Post-Exercise Recovery Following 30-Day Supplementation of Trans-Resveratrol and Polyphenol-Enriched Extracts

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Jo ◽  
Rachel Bartosh ◽  
Alexandra T. Auslander ◽  
Dean Directo ◽  
Adam Osmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Vastus Intermedius ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 30-day consumption of trans-resveratrol and polyphenol-enriched extracts on indices of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and performance following eccentric-loaded resistance exercise (ECRE). Methods: Following 30 days of resveratrol-polyphenol (RES) (n = 10) or placebo control (CTL) (n = 12) supplementation, subjects performed a bout of ECRE to induce EIMD. EIMD biomarkers, perceived soreness, pain threshold and tolerance, range of motion, and performance were measured before and 24 and 48 h after ECRE. Results: CTL subjects demonstrated increased soreness at 24 (p = 0.02) and 48 h (p = 0.03) post-ECRE, while RES subjects reported increased soreness at 24 h post-ECRE (p = 0.0003). CTL subjects exhibited decreased pain threshold in the vastus lateralis at 24 h post-ECRE (p = 0.03). CTL subjects also displayed decreased pain tolerance in the vastus intermedius at 24 h post-ECRE (p = 0.03) and the vastus lateralis at 24 (p = 0.003) and 48 h (p = 0.003). RES participants showed no change in pain threshold or tolerance from baseline. CTL subjects showed a decrease in mean (p = 0.04) and peak power (p = 0.04) at 24 h post-ECRE, while RES participants demonstrated no changes from baseline. No between-group differences were observed for the changes in serum creatine kinase. Serum C-reactive protein increased similarly in both groups at 24 h post-ECRE (p < 0.002), remaining elevated in CTL subjects while RES participants demonstrated a decline from 24 to 48 h (p = 0.04). Serum interleukin 6 increased at 24 h post-ECRE in both groups (p < 0.003) followed by a decrease from 24 to 48 h, returning to baseline levels only for RES subjects. Conclusion: Trans-resveratrol and polyphenol-enriched extract supplementation may support the attenuation of soreness and inflammation and improve performance recovery following ECRE without modulation of indirect biomarkers of EIMD.

Is isometric strength loss immediately after eccentric exercise related to changes in indirect markers of muscle damage?

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
Dale Chapman ◽  
Mike Newton ◽  
Paul Sacco
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Strong Correlate

This study tested the hypothesis that the magnitude of maximal isometric strength (MVC) loss immediately following eccentric exercise (MVC-post) would relate to changes in other indirect markers of muscle damage following exercise. Eighty-nine men were recruited from the same student population and performed 24 maximal eccentric actions of the elbow flexors. Commonly used markers of muscle damage such as relaxed and flexed elbow joint angles, range of motion (ROM), upper-arm circumference, muscle soreness, and plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity were measured before, immediately after, and 1-4 d after exercise. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients (r) between change in MVC-post and other markers of muscle damage, as well as MVC during recovery days, were calculated. Changes in MVC-post ranged from -72.8% to -17.6%, and correlated significantly (p < 0.01) with MVC at 1 (r = 0.59), 2 (0.63), 3 (0.61), and 4 (0.62) d after exercise. Reduction in MVC-post also correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with changes in relaxed (r = 0.50) and flexed elbow joint angles (-0.40), ROM (0.55), arm circumference (-0.45), peak palpation (-0.34) and extension muscle soreness (-0.48), and peak CK activity (-0.59). However, the r values were not necessarily high, and MVC-post poorly reflected the distribution of some measures, such as peak CK activity (124 - 50 440 IU·L-1). These results suggest that MVC-post is not a strong correlate of the changes in markers of muscle damage following eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors.Key words: maximal isometric strength, plasma CK activity, ROM, swelling, muscle soreness.

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