The Moral Frameworks and Foundations of Contesting Orientations

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Light Shields ◽  
Christopher D. Funk ◽  
Brenda Light Bredemeier
Keyword(s):  
Correlational Analysis ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletes ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
Group Loyalty ◽  
Moral Dimensions ◽  
Moral Frameworks ◽  
Partnership Approach

According to contesting theory (Shields & Bredemeier, 2011), people conceptualize competition either through a metaphor of partnership or war. These two alternate metaphors suggest differing sociomoral relationships among the participants. In the current study of intercollegiate athletes (n = 610), we investigated the two approaches to contesting in relation to formalist and consequentialist moral frameworks (Brady & Wheeler, 1996) and individualizing and binding moral foundations (Haidt, 2001). Correlational analysis indicated that the partnership approach correlated significantly with all four moral dimensions, while the war approach correlated with formalist and consequentialist frameworks and binding foundations (i.e., appeals to in-group loyalty, authority, and purity). Multiple regressions demonstrated that the best predictors of a partnership approach were formalist thinking and endorsement of individualizing moral foundations (i.e., appeal to fairness and welfare). Among our primary variables, the best predictors of a war orientation were consequentialist thinking and endorsement of binding foundations.

The moral dimensions of the employment relationship: institutional implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELENA LOPES
Keyword(s):  
Employment Law ◽  
Corporate Law ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Core ◽  
Group Loyalty ◽  
Moral Dimensions ◽  
Liberal Thought

AbstractThe paper builds an integrative framework of the moral dimensions of the employment relationship by linking the core specificities of the employment relationship, i.e. the meaningfulness of work, its relational components, the incompleteness of the labour contract and its authority character, to the four moral motives identified by the Moral Foundations Theory, namely care, fairness/reciprocity, in-group/loyalty and authority. We show that due acknowledgement of the moral dimensions of the employment relationship entails making institutional transformations, namely strengthening rather than discarding employment law and reforming corporate law. Recognizing these moral dimensions would epitomize a radical break with mainstream economics and neo-liberal thought.

Political Orientations and Morality Judgments in the Turkish Context: Considering the Roles of the Needs for Cognition and Recognition

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329411989990
Author(s):  
Burcu Tekeş ◽  
E. Olcay Imamoğlu ◽  
Fatih Özdemir ◽  
Bengi Öner-Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Group Loyalty ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Collectivistic Culture

The aims of this study were to test: (a) the association of political orientations with morality orientations, specified by moral foundations theory, on a sample of young adults from Turkey, representing a collectivistic culture; and (b) the statistically mediating roles of needs for cognition and recognition in the links between political orientation and morality endorsements. According to the results (a) right-wing orientation and need for recognition were associated with all the three binding foundations (i.e., in-group/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/sanctity); (b) right-wing orientation was associated with binding foundations also indirectly via the role of need for recognition; (c) regarding individualizing foundations, left-wing orientation and need for cognition were associated with fairness/reciprocity, whereas only gender was associated with harm/care; and (d) left-wing orientation was associated with fairness dimension also indirectly via the role of need for cognition. The cultural relevance of moral foundations theory as well as the roles of needs for cognition and recognition are discussed.

Moral discourse in the Twitterverse

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Sterling ◽  
John T. Jost
Keyword(s):  
Moral Discourse ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Political Sophistication ◽  
Group Loyalty ◽  
Ideological Differences ◽  
Fairness Concerns ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The U.S

Abstract We analyzed Twitter language to explore hypotheses derived from moral foundations theory, which suggests that liberals and conservatives prioritize different values. In Study 1, we captured 11 million tweets from nearly 25,000 U.S. residents and observed that liberals expressed fairness concerns more often than conservatives, whereas conservatives were more likely to express concerns about group loyalty, authority, and purity. Increasing political sophistication exacerbated ideological differences in authority and group loyalty. At low levels of sophistication, liberals used more harm language, but at high levels of sophistication conservatives referenced harm more often. In Study 2, we analyzed 59,000 tweets from 388 members of the U.S. Congress. Liberal legislators used more fairness- and harm-related words, whereas conservative legislators used more authority-related words. Unexpectedly, liberal legislators used more language pertaining to group loyalty and purity. Follow-up analyses suggest that liberals and conservatives in Congress use similar words to emphasize different policy priorities.

Relation between Moral Competence and Religiosity: Cognitive and Intuitive Aspects

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Ingrīda Trups-Kalne ◽  
Ģirts Dimdiņš
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Theoretical Prediction ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Competence ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Group Loyalty ◽  
The Individual

The aim of the study was to examine whether moral foundations mediate the negative relation between moral competence and orthodox/conservative religiosity. The participants (N = 361, aged 16 to 74) completed the Moral Judgment Test (Lind, 1978, 2008), the 30-Item Full Version of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (Graham, Haidt & Nosek, 2008), and Huber's (Huber, 2004) Religion’s Centrality Scale. Mediation analysis revealed that the ‘binding’ moral foundations of in-group loyalty, respect for authority, and purity mediate the negative relation between moral competence and orthodox religiosity. These results are in line with Lind’s theoretical prediction that if individuals have more criteria to consider when making moral judgment, it may hamper their performance on moral competence measures, which are typically based on the individual foundations of harm avoidance and justice. The study contributes to understanding differences in social cognition between liberal and conservative religiosity.

Epistemic Motivation and the Structure of Moral Intuition: Dispositional Need for Closure as a Predictor of Individualizing and Binding Morality

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Federico ◽  
Pierce Ekstrom ◽  
Michal Reifen Tagar ◽  
Allison L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Moral Intuition ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Need For Closure ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Epistemic Motivation ◽  
Group Loyalty ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
The Relationship

Moral foundations theory argues that morality encompasses both group–preserving binding concerns about in–group loyalty, authority and purity and individualizing concerns about harm avoidance and fairness. Although studies have examined the relationship between sociopolitical attitudes and the moral foundations, the relationship between individual differences in epistemic motivation—as indexed by need for cognitive closure—and moral intuition remains unexplored. Given the role of groups in providing epistemic security, we hypothesized that the need for closure would be most strongly related to support for the foundations most central to the regulation of group ties, that is, the binding foundations as opposed to the individualizing ones. Data from three samples provided evidence for this. Unpacking this pattern, we also found that those high in need for closure endorsed all foundations, whereas those low in need for closure emphasized only the individualizing ones. Finally, we found that the relationship between need for closure and the binding foundations was mediated by right–wing authoritarianism, an orientation closely linked to a desire for the preservation of conventional in–group morality. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Moral Foundations of U.S. Political News Organizations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Edward Padfield ◽  
Erin Michelle Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
News Coverage ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Supreme Court Justice ◽  
Political News ◽  
News Sources ◽  
News Organizations ◽  
Media Ecosystem ◽  
The Media ◽  
Moral Dimensions ◽  
Political Divide

The media ecosystem has grown, and political opinions have diverged such that there are competing conceptions of objective truth. Commentators often point to political biases in news coverage as a catalyst for this political divide. The Moral Foundations Dictionary (MFD) facilitates identification of ideological leanings in text through frequency of the occurrence of certain words. Through web scraping, the researchers extracted articles from popular news sources' websites, calculated MFD word frequencies, and identified words' respective valences. This process attempts to uncover news outlets' positive or negative endorsements of certain moral dimensions concomitant with a particular ideology. In Experiment 1, the researchers gathered political articles from four sources. We were unable to reveal significant differences in moral or political endorsements, but we solidified the method to be employed in further research. In Experiment 2, the researchers expanded their number of sources to 10 and analyzed articles that pertain to two specific topics: the 2018 confirmation hearings of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh and the partial U.S. Government Shutdown of 2018-2019. Once again, no significant differences in moral or political endorsements were found.

scholarly journals Moral “foundations” as the product of motivated social cognition: Empathy and other psychological underpinnings of ideological divergence in “individualizing” and “binding” concerns

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241144
Author(s):  
Michael Strupp-Levitsky ◽  
Sharareh Noorbaloochi ◽  
Andrew Shipley ◽  
John T. Jost
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
Group Loyalty ◽  
Ideological Divergence ◽  
Motivated Social Cognition

According to moral foundations theory, there are five distinct sources of moral intuition on which political liberals and conservatives differ. The present research program seeks to contextualize this taxonomy within the broader research literature on political ideology as motivated social cognition, including the observation that conservative judgments often serve system-justifying functions. In two studies, a combination of regression and path modeling techniques were used to explore the motivational underpinnings of ideological differences in moral intuitions. Consistent with our integrative model, the “binding” foundations (in-group loyalty, respect for authority, and purity) were associated with epistemic and existential needs to reduce uncertainty and threat and system justification tendencies, whereas the so-called “individualizing” foundations (fairness and avoidance of harm) were generally unrelated to epistemic and existential motives and were instead linked to empathic motivation. Taken as a whole, these results are consistent with the position taken by Hatemi, Crabtree, and Smith that moral “foundations” are themselves the product of motivated social cognition.

scholarly journals Morality-Based Assertion and Homophily on Social Media: A Cultural Comparison Between English and Japanese Languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maneet Singh ◽  
Rishemjit Kaur ◽  
Akiko Matsuo ◽  
S. R. S. Iyengar ◽  
Kazutoshi Sasahara
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Moral Identity ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Moral Dimensions

Moral psychology is a domain that deals with moral identity, appraisals and emotions. Previous work has primarily focused on moral development and the associated role of culture. Knowing that language is an inherent element of a culture, we used the social media platform Twitter to compare moral behaviors of Japanese tweets with English tweets. The five basic moral foundations, i.e., Care, Fairness, Ingroup, Authority, and Purity, along with the associated emotional valence were compared between English and Japanese tweets. The tweets from Japanese users depicted relatively higher Fairness, Ingroup, and Purity, whereas English tweets expressed more positive emotions for all moral dimensions. Considering moral similarities in connecting users on social media, we quantified homophily concerning different moral dimensions using our proposed method. The moral dimensions Care, Authority, and Purity for English and Ingroup, Authority and Purity for Japanese depicted homophily on Twitter. Overall, our study uncovers the underlying cultural differences with respect to moral behavior in English- and Japanese-speaking users.

scholarly journals The Moral Dimensions of Open

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Ansolabehere ◽  
Cheryl Ball ◽  
Medha Devare ◽  
Tee Guidotti ◽  
Bill Priedhorsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Scholarly Publishing ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Imperative ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Moral Dimensions ◽  
Copyright Restriction ◽  
Current Mechanism

Scholarly publishing is currently undergoing a digital-era transition that provides both opportunities and challenges for improving the moral dimensions of this enterprise. The stakeholders in scholarly publishing need to consider the moral foundations of knowledge production and access that underlie models of scholarly publishing. This report identifies seven moral dimensions and principles to open-access scholarship and data.OSI2016 Workgroup QuestionDoes society have a moral imperative to share knowledge freely, immediately, and without copyright restriction? A legal imperative? Why or why not? What about research funded by governments? Corporations? Cancer research? For that matter, is our current mechanism for funding scholarly publishing just or unjust? What other models are there? What are the pros and cons of these models? What is the likelihood of change?

The impact of political ideology on consumer perceptions of their rights and responsibilities in the sharing economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1909-1935
Author(s):  
Marylouise Caldwell ◽  
Steve Elliot ◽  
Paul Henry ◽  
Marcus O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
Group Loyalty ◽  
Model Mapping ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Despite consumers being essential stakeholders in the exponential growth of the sharing economy, consumers’ attitudes towards their rights and responsibilities are relatively unknown. This study aims to test a novel hypothesised model mapping consumers’ attitudes towards their consumer rights and responsibilities with that of their political ideology (liberalism, conservatism and libertarianism) and moral foundations (avoiding harm/fairness, in-group/loyalty, authority/respect and purity/sanctity). Design/methodology/approach Two survey studies were conducted with consumers of the Uber ride share service; the first being to test measures of political ideology and consumer rights/responsibilities. These measures were then taken into the second study along with the Moral Foundations Questionnaire. The hypothesised model was tested using structural equation modelling. Findings The findings suggest that political ideology associates with similarities and differences in how consumers perceive their rights and responsibilities in the sharing economy, including mutual self-regulation. Support for these findings is established by identifying links with specific moral foundations. Research limitations/implications This study considers a single participant in the sharing economy.

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