Biotransformation Strategy To Reduce Allergens in Propolis

ABSTRACTPropolis (bee glue) is a resinous, sticky, dark-colored material produced by honeybees. Propolis today, due to its medicinal properties, is increasingly popular and is extensively used in food, beverages, and cosmetic products. Besides its numerous positive properties, propolis may also have adverse effects, such as, principally, allergic eczematous contact dermatitis in apiarists and in consumers with an allergic predisposition. In this study, we found appropriate conditions for removing caffeate esters, which are the main allergenic components, from raw propolis. The proposed method consists of the resuspension of propolis in a food grade solvent, followed by a biotransformation based on the cinnamoyl esterase activity ofLactobacillus helveticus. We showed that the reduction of caffeate esters byL. helveticusdid not affect the content of flavonoids, which are the main bioactive molecules of propolis. Furthermore, we verified that the biotransformation of propolis did not cause a loss of antimicrobial activity. Finally, we demonstrated that the ability ofL. helveticusto hydrolyze caffeate esters in propolis is strain specific. In conclusion, the proposed strategy is simple, employs food grade materials, and is effective in selectively removing allergenic molecules without affecting the bioactive fraction of propolis. This is the first study demonstrating that the allergenic caffeate esters of propolis can be eliminated by means of a bacterial biotransformation procedure.

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Bryophyllum Pinnatum: A Review on Medicinal Benefits and Potent Bioactive Molecules

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407215666191007112951 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 978-992

Author(s):

Punit Kumar ◽

Sujata Malik ◽

Kashyap K. Dubey

Keyword(s):

Web Of Science ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Traditional Herbal Medicine ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Online Databases ◽

Natural Remedies ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Bryophyllum Pinnatum

Background: Since its inception, people are using herbal extracts as natural remedies for the treatment of various diseases. Bryophyllum pinnatum, also known as the air plant, is a well-recognized herb used in folk medicine. It is native to Madagascar and further planted in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. It is known for the profusion of miniature plantlets which arise from the margins of phylloclade. Objective: The aim of this review is to provide the information regarding local and traditional uses, pharmacological activities and different phytochemicals reported from leaves extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum. Methods: This review article contains a detailed survey of the literature about Bryophyllum pinnatum available in different online databases, such as; PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Elsevier, and Google Scholar, etc. In this review, authors have focused on ethnopharmacological importance and phytochemicals present in Bryophyllum pinnatum and their structure. The structures of the phytochemical were prepared by the ChemDraw tool. Results: This plant is used as a traditional herbal medicine around the globe due to medicinal properties like; anthelmintic, immunosuppressive, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, nephroprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, anticonvulsant and antipyretic. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of many bioactive compounds like; alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, glycosides, bufadienolides, lipids, and organic acids, etc. which are associated with different medicinal properties. Conclusion: Bryophyllum pinnatum possesses diverse pharmacological importance and remarkable medicinal properties. Investigators have reported a large number of phytochemicals exhibiting different medicinal properties and correlation of medicinal properties.

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Efficacy of Biocides Used in the Modern Food Industry To Control Salmonella enterica, and Links between Biocide Tolerance and Resistance to Clinically Relevant Antimicrobial Compounds

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.07534-11 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (9) ◽

pp. 3087-3097 ◽

Cited By ~ 106

Author(s):

Orla Condell ◽

Carol Iversen ◽

Shane Cooney ◽

Karen A. Power ◽

Ciara Walsh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Food Industry ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Compounds ◽

Cross Tolerance ◽

Content Type ◽

Food Grade ◽

High Level

ABSTRACTBiocides play an essential role in limiting the spread of infectious disease. The food industry is dependent on these agents, and their increasing use is a matter for concern. Specifically, the emergence of bacteria demonstrating increased tolerance to biocides, coupled with the potential for the development of a phenotype of cross-resistance to clinically important antimicrobial compounds, needs to be assessed. In this study, we investigated the tolerance of a collection of susceptible and multidrug-resistant (MDR)Salmonella entericastrains to a panel of seven commercially available food-grade biocide formulations. We explored their abilities to adapt to these formulations and their active biocidal agents, i.e., triclosan, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, and benzalkonium chloride, after sequential rounds ofin vitroselection. Finally, cross-tolerance of different categories of biocidal formulations, their active agents, and the potential for coselection of resistance to clinically important antibiotics were investigated. Six of seven food-grade biocide formulations were bactericidal at their recommended working concentrations. All showed a reduced activity against both surface-dried and biofilm cultures. A stable phenotype of tolerance to biocide formulations could not be selected. Upon exposure ofSalmonellastrains to an active biocidal compound, a high-level of tolerance was selected for a number ofSalmonellaserotypes. No cross-tolerance to the different biocidal agents or food-grade biocide formulations was observed. Most tolerant isolates displayed changes in their patterns of susceptibility to antimicrobial compounds. Food industry biocides are effective against planktonicSalmonella. When exposed to sublethal concentrations of individual active biocidal agents, tolerant isolates may emerge. This emergence was associated with changes in antimicrobial susceptibilities.

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Screening of Escherichia coli Species Biodiversity Reveals New Biofilm-Associated Antiadhesion Polysaccharides

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.00043-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Olaya Rendueles ◽

Laetitia Travier ◽

Patricia Latour-Lambert ◽

Thierry Fontaine ◽

Julie Magnus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Bacterial Adhesion ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Bacterial Biofilms ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Species Biodiversity

ABSTRACTBacterial biofilms often form multispecies communities in which complex but ill-understood competition and cooperation interactions occur. In light of the profound physiological modifications associated with this lifestyle, we hypothesized that the biofilm environment might represent an untapped source of natural bioactive molecules interfering with bacterial adhesion or biofilm formation. We produced cell-free solutions extracted fromin vitromature biofilms formed by 122 naturalEscherichia coliisolates, and we screened these biofilm extracts for antiadhesion molecules active on a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Using this approach, we showed that 20% of the tested biofilm extracts contained molecules that antagonize bacterial growth or adhesion. We characterized a compound, produced by a commensal animalE. colistrain, for which activity is detected only in biofilm extract. Biochemical and genetic analyses showed that this compound corresponds to a new type of released high-molecular-weight polysaccharide whose biofilm-associated production is regulated by the RfaH protein. We demonstrated that the antiadhesion activity of this polysaccharide was restricted to Gram-positive bacteria and that its production reduced susceptibility to invasion and provided rapid exclusion ofStaphylococcus aureusfrom mixedE. coliandS. aureusbiofilms. Our results therefore demonstrate that biofilms contain molecules that contribute to the dynamics of mixed bacterial communities and that are not or only poorly detected in unconcentrated planktonic supernatants. Systematic identification of these compounds could lead to strategies that limit pathogen surface colonization and reduce the burden associated with the development of bacterial biofilms on medical devices.IMPORTANCEWe sought to demonstrate that bacterial biofilms are reservoirs for unknown molecules that antagonize bacterial adhesion. The use of natural strains representative ofEscherichia colispecies biodiversity showed that nonbiocidal antiadhesion polysaccharides are frequently found in mature biofilm extracts (bacterium-free suspensions which contain soluble molecules produced within the biofilm). Release of an antiadhesion polysaccharide confers a competitive advantage upon the producing strain against clinically relevant pathogens such asStaphylococcus aureus. Hence, exploring the biofilm environment provides a better understanding of bacterial interactions within complex communities and could lead to improved control of pathogen colonization.

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Draft Genome Sequences of Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii Strains from African Fermented Nono

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.01342-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gyu-Sung Cho ◽

Olakunle Fagbemigun ◽

Erik Brinks ◽

Gbenga A. Adewumi ◽

Folarin A. Oguntoyinbo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Draft Genome ◽

Aroma Compounds ◽

Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽

Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽

Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Potential Production ◽

Content Type ◽

Gc Contents

The genomes of predominant Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains from fermented nono were sequenced. The genome sizes were 2.1, 1.9, and 1.7 Mbp, respectively, and the GC contents were 36.5%, 51.5%, and 49.7%, respectively. Annotation revealed some genes for bacteriocin and for the potential production of aroma compounds.

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Lactobacillus helveticus MIMLh5-Specific Antibodies for Detection of S-Layer Protein in Grana Padano Protected-Designation-of-Origin Cheese

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.03057-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 694-703 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Milda Stuknytė ◽

Eeva-Christine Brockmann ◽

Tuomas Huovinen ◽

Simone Guglielmetti ◽

Diego Mora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Western Blotting ◽

Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽

Single Chain Variable Fragment ◽

Single Chain ◽

Content Type ◽

Bacterial Surface ◽

Protected Designation Of Origin ◽

Antibody Libraries ◽

Grana Padano ◽

Detection And Localization

ABSTRACTSingle-chain variable-fragment antibodies (scFvs) have considerable potential in immunological detection and localization of bacterial surface structures. In this study, synthetic phage-displayed antibody libraries were used to select scFvs against immunologically active S-layer protein ofLactobacillus helveticusMIMLh5. After three rounds of panning, five relevant phage clones were obtained, of which four were specific for the S-layer protein ofL. helveticusMIMLh5 and one was also capable of binding to the S-layer protein ofL. helveticusATCC 15009. All five anti-S-layer scFvs were expressed inEscherichia coliXL1-Blue, and their specificity profiles were characterized by Western blotting. The anti-S-layer scFv PolyH4, with the highest specificity for the S-layer protein ofL. helveticusMIMLh5, was used to detect the S-layer protein in Grana Padano protected-designation-of-origin (PDO) cheese extracts by Western blotting. These results showed promising applications of this monoclonal antibody for the detection of immunomodulatory S-layer protein in dairy (and dairy-based) foods.

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Centellosides in Centella Asiatica: Bioconversion (Ratios), Elite Lines, Biomarkers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-395104/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Renju Kunjumon ◽

Anil John Johnson ◽

Rajani Kurup ◽

Sabulal Baby

Keyword(s):

South India ◽

Centella Asiatica ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Asiatic Acid ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

Ecological Conditions

Abstract Centellosides viz., asiatic acid (ASA), madecassic acid (MDA), asiaticoside (ASI), madecassoside (MAD), are the major bioactive molecules in Centella asiatica (CA). In this study MDA:ASA, MAD:ASI (C6-hydroxylation versus non-hydroxylation) and ASI:ASA, MAD:MDA (C28-glycoside versus aglycone) ratios in 50 CA accessions originally collected from wild locations in south India and grown under identical ecological conditions for six generations were determined using validated HPTLC-densitometry protocol(s). ASA, MDA, ASI and MAD ranged from 0.01-0.29% (average 0.06 ± 0.08%, n = 22; 28 accessions recorded ASA content as zero), 0.02-0.72% (0.12 ± 0.13%), 0.04-2.41% (0.44 ± 0.52%) and 0.15%-5.27% (1.59 ± 1.26%, n = 50), respectively. Distinctly, C6-hydroxylated (MDA:ASA 4.00, MAD:ASI 3.61) and C28-glycosylated (ASI:ASA 7.33, MAD:MDA 13.25) centellosides dominated over the respective non-derivatized entities. Our results infer that both C6-hydroxylation by P450-dependent monooxygenases and C28-glycosylation by UDP-Glc glucosyltransferases (UGTs) are dominant biosynthetic steps in CA. This study also discovered six elite clones of CA from south India with their (ASI+MAD) contents above the industrial benchmark (≥ 4%). Two elite clones with ASI contents ≥ 2% were also identified. These elite lines can be multiplied and utilized for the industrial applications of CA. Besides, this study emphasizes the need for standardizing all four centellosides as biomarkers in CA raw drugs, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.

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Analytical Methods for Exploring Nutraceuticals Based on Phenolic Acids and Polyphenols

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11188276 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (18) ◽

pp. 8276

Author(s):

Oscar Vidal-Casanella ◽

Oscar Núñez ◽

Mercè Granados ◽

Javier Saurina ◽

Sonia Sentellas

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Chemical Determination ◽

Related Compounds ◽

Positive Properties ◽

Nutraceutical Products

Phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and stilbenes comprise an enormous family of bioactive molecules with a range of positive properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, or anti-inflammatory effects. As a result, plant extracts are often purified to recover phenolic compound-enriched fractions to be used to develop nutraceutical products or dietary supplements. In this article, we review the properties of some remarkable plant-based nutraceuticals in which the active molecules are mainly polyphenols and related compounds. Methods for the characterization of these extracts, the chemical determination of the bioactivities of key molecules, and the principal applications of the resulting products are discussed in detail.

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Cosmetics purchase behavior of educated millennial Muslim females

Journal of Islamic Marketing ◽

10.1108/jima-01-2019-0014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1055-1071 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Suraiya Ishak ◽

Ahmad Raflis Che Omar ◽

Kartini Khalid ◽

Intan Safiena Ab. Ghafar ◽

Mohd Yusof Hussain

Keyword(s):

Information Search ◽

World View ◽

Purchase Behavior ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

Content Type ◽

Female Consumers ◽

High Concern ◽

Purchase Behaviors ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe cosmetics purchase behavior of young, educated Muslim females in Malaysia and to explore its relationship with certain potential antecedents. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a survey on a sample of female consumers from four higher education institutions in the urban area of Bangi Selangor, Malaysia. From their respective institutions, 150 respondents were selected through the purposive sampling method. Self-administered questionnaire has been used to gather information from the respondents. The survey data were analyzed using descriptive, t-test and correlation analyses to accomplish the study objectives. Findings The study indicates that millennial Muslim cosmetic purchase behavior falls under the “Limited Decision Making” classification. The classification is due to the pattern of pro-active behaviors exhibit through the information search for details about ingredients, halal clue, countries of origin, health safety guarantee and the benefits of the cosmetic products. Young, educated female consumers adore branded cosmetic items and show willingness to accept higher prices for the branded items. Despite brand consciousness, they demonstrate a relatively high concern on the halalness of the product. Based on the correlation analysis, all variables were found to be significant and the most significant of them was brand. Research limitations/implications Millennial consumers are information technology savvy and have access to vast information about products. As a result, the findings reiterate that millennial consumers demonstrate different purchase behavior, which is worth exploring by future researchers. In addition, other latent antecedents such as religiosity and world view are worth including in future studies. Practical implications Cosmetic manufacturers and marketers must ensure that their products signal positive images to fit the expectations of young and educated Muslim consumers. Although brand conscious, such consumers demonstrate prudent behavior in terms of searching for halalan and toyyiban products. Originality/value This study adds value in the area of halal product marketing because of two unique focuses. First, it examines the purchase of cosmetic products, which are relatively understudied compared to halal food. Second, it considers the perspectives of educated Muslim millennials, who are expected to demonstrate more specific purchase behaviors than a generalized millennial group. Therefore, the originality of this study revolves around the consideration of these two aspects, which are relevant to contemporary business marketing discussions.

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Vescimonas gen. nov., Vescimonas coprocola sp. nov., Vescimonas fastidiosa sp. nov., Pusillimonas gen. nov. and Pusillimonas faecalis sp. nov. isolated from human faeces

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijsem.0.005066 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Maki Kitahara ◽

Yuko Shigeno ◽

Mari Shime ◽

Yuki Matsumoto ◽

Shota Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

Type Strain ◽

Type Species ◽

Gene Sequence ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Rrna Gene Sequence ◽

Content Type ◽

Human Faeces ◽

Link Type ◽

Is Strain

Six strains of Gram-stain-negative, obligately anaerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile rods were isolated from human faeces. Based on phylogenetic characteristics, the six isolates were included in the family Ruminococcaceae , and divided into three groups. The six isolates showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values lower than 96.2 % to the closely related species, Oscillibacter ruminantium GH1T, Oscillibacter valericigenes Sjm18-20T and Dysosmobacter welbiomis J115T. Coherently with the 16S rRNA gene sequence results, the in silico DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values clearly indicated that strains MM35T, MM50T and MM59T belong to different species from the closely related three species. Based on phenotypic features and phylogenetic positions, three novel species, Vescimonas coprocola gen. nov., sp. nov., Vescimonas fastidiosa gen. nov., sp. nov. and Pusillimonas faecalis gen. nov., sp. nov. are proposed. The type strain of V. coprocola is strain MM50T (=JCM 34012T=DSM 111893T). The type strain of V. fastidiosa is strain MM35T (=JCM 34016T=DSM 111899T). The type strain of P. faecalis is strain MM59T (=JCM 34011T=DSM 111669T). The DNA G+C contents estimated according to the whole genomes of strains MM35T, MM50T and MM59T were 56.4, 58.2 and 55.2 mol%, respectively.

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Sustainable open innovation for the agri-food system: sorghum as healthy food to deal with environmental challenges

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-07-2021-0732 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Paola Pontieri ◽

Francesco Saverio Mennini ◽

Domitilla Magni ◽

Fabio Fiano ◽

Veronica Scuotto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Bibliometric Analysis ◽

Open Innovation ◽

Functional Food ◽

Food Systems ◽

Food System ◽

Environmental Challenges ◽

Content Type ◽

Food Grade ◽

Definition Of

PurposeThe paper provides a new definition of healthy and functional food considering the case of sorghum, which is dealing with environmental challenges, calling for exploration of eco-conscious consumers' behavior in the free-from food innovative market.Design/methodology/approachThrough a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis, this article offers a deep and broad outlook on a sustainable open innovations approach for agri-food systems. The bibliometric analysis includes a total of 198 scientific papers, deeply analyzed through Bibliometrix package.FindingsResults show increasing academic interest in sustainable innovations for the agri-food system, where the relevance of the food-grade sorghum is noticed. An open innovation approach is called for to deal with environmental challenges.Originality/valueTheoretically, the research offers a new definition of healthy and functional food in line with current environmental challenges. It also provides a deep literature review on eco-conscious consumers and food-grade sorghum as functional food in the context of the free-from food market.

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