scholarly journals Oral Administration of a Select Mixture of Bacillus Probiotics Affects the Gut Microbiota and Goblet Cell Function following Escherichia coli Challenge in Newly Weaned Pigs of Genotype MUC4 That Are Supposed To Be Enterotoxigenic E. coli F4ab/ac Receptor Negative

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yao-Hong Zhu ◽  
Dong Zhou ◽  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Dan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Structural Disruption

ABSTRACT Structural disruption of the gut microbiota and impaired goblet cell function are collateral etiologic factors in enteric diseases. Low, moderate, or high doses of a Bacillus licheniformis-B. subtilis mixture (BLS mix) were orally administered to piglets of genotype MUC4 that are supposed to be F4-expressing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain (F4+ ETEC) F4ab/ac receptor negative (i.e., MUC4-resistant piglets) for 1 week before F4+ ETEC challenge. The luminal contents were collected from the mucosa of the colon on day 8 after F4+ ETEC challenge. The BLS mix attenuated E. coli-induced expansion of Bacteroides uniformis, Eubacterium eligens, Acetanaerobacterium, and Sporobacter populations. Clostridium and Turicibacter populations increased following F4+ ETEC challenge in pigs pretreated with low-dose BLS mix. Lactobacillus gasseri and Lactobacillus salivarius populations increased after administration of BLS mix during E. coli infection. The beneficial effects of BLS mix were due in part to the expansion of certain Clostridium, Lactobacillus, and Turicibacter populations, with a corresponding increase in the number of goblet cells in the ileum via upregulated Atoh1 expression, in turn increasing MUC2 production and thus preserving the mucus barrier and enhancing host defenses against enteropathogenic bacteria. However, excessive BLS mix consumption may increase the risk for enteritis, partly through disruption of colonic microbial ecology, characterized by expansion of Proteobacteria and impaired goblet cell function in the ileum. Our findings suggest that oral administration of BLS mix reprograms the gut microbiota and enhances goblet cell function to ameliorate enteritis. IMPORTANCE The present study is important for improving our understanding of the protective role of probiotics against Escherichia coli infection in piglets. Structural disruption of the gut microbiota and impaired goblet cell function are collateral etiologic factors in enteric diseases. In this study, low, moderate, or high doses of a Bacillus licheniformis-B. subtilis mixture (BLS mix) were orally administered to MUC4-resistant piglets for 1 week before the F4-expressing ETEC strain (F4+ ETEC) challenge. Our findings suggest that oral administration of BLS mix reprograms the gut microbiota and enhances goblet cell function to ameliorate enteritis.

scholarly journals Estimating the Prevalence of Potential Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Intimin Gene Diversity in a Human Community by Monitoring Sanitary Sewage

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yang ◽  
Eulyn Pagaling ◽  
Tao Yan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Prevalent Subtype ◽  
Qpcr Quantification

ABSTRACTPresently, the understanding of bacterial enteric diseases in the community and their virulence factors relies almost exclusively on clinical disease reporting and examination of clinical pathogen isolates. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of an alternative approach that monitors potential enteropathogenicEscherichia coli(EPEC) and enterohemorrhagicE. coli(EHEC) prevalence and intimin gene (eae) diversity in a community by directly quantifying and characterizing target virulence genes in the sanitary sewage. The quantitative PCR (qPCR) quantification of theeae,stx1, andstx2genes in sanitary sewage samples collected over a 13-month period detectedeaein all 13 monthly sewage samples at significantly higher abundance (93 to 7,240 calibrator cell equivalents [CCE]/100 ml) thanstx1andstx2, which were detected sporadically. The prevalence level of potential EPEC in the sanitary sewage was estimated by calculating the ratio ofeaetouidA, which averaged 1.0% (σ = 0.4%) over the 13-month period. Cloning and sequencing of theeaegene directly from the sewage samples covered the majority of theeaediversity in the sewage and detected 17 uniqueeaealleles belonging to 14 subtypes. Among them,eae-β2 was identified to be the most prevalent subtype in the sewage, with the highest detection frequency in the clone libraries (41.2%) and within the different sampling months (85.7%). Additionally, sewage and environmentalE. coliisolates were also obtained and used to determine the detection frequencies of the virulence genes as well aseaegenetic diversity for comparison.

scholarly journals Impact of Ceftiofur Injection on Gut Microbiota and Escherichia coli Resistance in Pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 5171-5180 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Fleury ◽  
G. Mourand ◽  
E. Jouy ◽  
F. Touzain ◽  
L. Le Devendec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTResistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) is an important health concern. Here, we studied the impact of the administration of a long-acting form of ceftiofur on the pig gut microbiota and ESC resistance inEscherichia coli. Pigs were orally inoculated with an ESC-resistantE. coliM63 strain harboring a conjugative plasmid carrying a gene conferring resistance,blaCTX-M-1. On the same day, they were given or not a unique injection of ceftiofur. Fecal microbiota were studied using quantitative PCR analysis of the main bacterial groups and quantification of short-chain fatty acids.E. coliand ESC-resistantE. coliwere determined by culture methods, and the ESC-resistantE. coliisolates were characterized. The copies of theblaCTX-M-1gene were quantified. After ceftiofur injection, the main change in gut microbiota was the significant but transitory decrease in theE. colipopulation. Acetate and butyrate levels were significantly lower in the treated group. In all inoculated groups,E. coliM63 persisted in most pigs, and theblaCTX-M-1gene was transferred to otherE. coli. Culture and PCR results showed that the ceftiofur-treated group shed significantly more resistant strains 1 and 3 days after ESC injection. Thereafter, on most dates, there were no differences between the groups, but notably, one pig in the nontreated group regularly excreted very high numbers of ESC-resistantE. coli, probably leading to a higher contamination level in its pen. In conclusion, the use of ESCs, and also the presence of high-shedding animals, are important features in the spread of ESC resistance.

scholarly journals Probiotic potential of Escherichia coli ŽP for the gut microbiota of chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 03021
Author(s):  
Irina Maslennikova ◽  
Julia Gizatullina ◽  
Elizaveta Afanasievskaya ◽  
Marjanca Starčič Erjavec ◽  
Marina Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Conjugative Plasmid ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
Colicin E7 ◽  
Firmicutes Phylum

The effect of oral administration of Escherichia coli ŽP strain carrying a conjugative plasmid encoding the colicin E7 on the composition of the intestinal chyme microbiota of chickens was studied. It was shown that E. coli ŽP was present in the chyme of chickens 6-24 days of age in all experimental groups. In the microbiota of the control group (not administered with the ŽP strain) the Firmicutes phylum, as well as Proteobacteria (E. coli), Actinobacteria (Eubacterium spp.) and, to a lesser extent, Bacteroidetes were found. In the experimental groups the proportion of Firmicutes, represented by the Lactobacillus, Bacillus and Clostridium genera, was higher than in the control group. Our results showed that the use of E. coli ŽP helps to maintain a dynamic state of the microbiota, in all experimental groups, including the group, which was administered an APEC strain.

scholarly journals Commensal Escherichia coli Aggravates Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis through Targeting of Intestinal Epithelial Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyuan Zheng ◽  
Lihong Lou ◽  
Junjie Fan ◽  
Chunlan Huang ◽  
Qixiang Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Necrotizing Pancreatitis ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acute Necrotizing

ABSTRACT An increase of Escherichia-Shigella was previously reported in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). We investigated whether Escherichia coli MG1655, an Escherichia commensal organism, increased intestinal injury and aggravated ANP in rats. ANP was induced by retrograde injection of 3.5% sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct. Using gut microbiota-depleted rats, we demonstrated that gut microbiota was involved in the pancreatic injury and intestinal barrier dysfunction in ANP. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR, we found intestinal dysbiosis and a significant increase of E. coli MG1655 in ANP. Afterward, administration of E. coli MG1655 by gavage to gut microbiota-depleted rats with ANP was performed. We observed that after ANP induction, E. coli MG1655-monocolonized rats presented more severe injury in the pancreas and intestinal barrier function than gut microbiota-depleted rats. Furthermore, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MyD88/p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAPK) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) activation in intestinal epithelial cells were also increased more significantly in the MG1655-monocolonized ANP rats. In vitro, the rat ileal epithelial cell line IEC-18 displayed aggravated tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced inflammation and loss of tight-junction proteins in coculture with E. coli MG1655, as well as TLR4, MyD88, and Bip upregulation. In conclusion, our study shows that commensal E. coli MG1655 increases TLR4/MyD88/p38 MAPK and ERS signaling-induced intestinal epithelial injury and aggravates ANP in rats. Our study also describes the harmful potential of commensal E. coli in ANP. IMPORTANCE This study describes the harmful potential of commensal E. coli in ANP, which has not been demonstrated in previous studies. Our work provides new insights into gut bacterium-ANP cross talk, suggesting that nonpathogenic commensals could also exhibit adverse effects in the context of diseases.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli B2 Phylogenetic Subgroups in the Infant Gut Microbiota: Predominance of Uropathogenic Lineages in Swedish Infants and Enteropathogenic Lineages in Pakistani Infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Forough L. Nowrouzian ◽  
Olivier Clermont ◽  
Mona Edin ◽  
Anna Östblom ◽  
Erick Denamur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Virulence Markers ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli segregates into phylogenetic groups, with group B2 containing both extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains. Ten main B2 subgroups (subgroups I to X)/sequence type complexes (STcs), as well as EPEC lineages, have been identified. In the current study, we characterized ExPEC and EPEC strains of E. coli B2 phylogenetic subgroups/STcs that colonize Swedish and Pakistani infants. Gut commensal E. coli B2 strains, 120 from Swedish infants (n = 87) and 19 from Pakistani infants (n = 12), were assigned to B2 subgroups. Carriage of the bundle-forming pili and intimin adhesin was examined in the EPEC lineages. The ExPEC virulence markers and the time of persistence of the strains in the microbiota were previously determined. In total, 84% of the Swedish strains and 47% of the Pakistani strains belonged to 1 of the 10 main B2 subgroups (P = 0.001). Among the Swedish strains, the most common B2 subgroups were IX/STc95 (19%), II/STc73 (17%), VI/STc12 (13%), and III/STc127 (11%), with each subgroup carrying distinctive sets of ExPEC virulence markers. EPEC lineages with few ExPEC features constituted 47% of the Pakistani B2 strains but only 7% of the Swedish B2 strains (P = 0.0001). The subgroup distribution within phylogenetic group B2 strains colonizing the gut differed between Swedish and Pakistani infants. B2 subgroups with uropathogenic characteristics dominated the gut microbiota of Swedish infants, while EPEC lineage 1 strains frequently colonized the intestines of Pakistani infants. Moreover, within the B2 subgroups, ExPEC virulence genes were more prevalent in Swedish strains than in Pakistani strains. Thus, ExPEC traits exemplify the intestinal B2 strains from Western populations. IMPORTANCE The intestinal microbiota is an important reservoir for bacteria that cause extraintestinal infections. Escherichia coli is found ubiquitously in the gut microbiota, and it also causes urinary tract infections, infantile septicemia, and meningitis. Urinary tract infections are usually caused by E. coli strains that originate in the intestinal microbiota. E. coli also causes gastrointestinal infections and is a major cause of diarrhea in infants worldwide. The abilities of certain E. coli strains to cause infections are attributed to their virulence factors, i.e., bacterial components that contribute to the development of different diseases. Our study shows that different subtypes of potentially pathogenic E. coli strains dominate in the gut microbiota of infants in different geographical areas and expands our knowledge of the interplay between bacterial commensalism and pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Initial Gut Microbial Composition as a Key Factor Driving Host Response to Antibiotic Treatment, as Exemplified by the Presence or Absence of Commensal Escherichia coli

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Ju ◽  
Yasmeen Shoblak ◽  
Yanhua Gao ◽  
Kaiyuan Yang ◽  
Janelle Fouhse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Key Factor

ABSTRACT Antibiotics are important for treating bacterial infection; however, efficacies and side effects of antibiotics vary in medicine and experimental models. A few studies have correlated microbiota composition variations with health outcomes in response to antibiotics; however, no study has demonstrated causality. We had noted variation in colonic expression of C-type lectins, regenerating islet-derived protein 3β (Reg3β) and Reg3γ, after metronidazole treatment in a mouse model. To investigate the effects of specific variations in the preexisting microbiome on host response to antibiotics, mice harboring a normal microbiota were allocated to 4 treatments in a 2-by-2 factorial arrangement with or without commensal Escherichia coli and with or without metronidazole in drinking water. E. coli colonized readily without causing a notable shift in the microbiota or host response. Metronidazole administration reduced microbiota biodiversity, indicated by decreased Chao1 and Shannon index values, and altered microbiota composition. However, the presence of E. coli strongly affected metronidazole-induced microbiota shifts. Remarkably, this single commensal bacterium in the context of a complex population led to variations in host responses to metronidazole treatment, including increased expression of antimicrobial peptides Reg3β and Reg3γ and intestinal inflammation indicated by tumor necrosis factor alpha levels. Similar results were obtained from 2-week antibiotic exposure and with additional E. coli isolates. The results of this proof-of-concept study indicate that even minor variations in initial commensal microbiota can drive shifts in microbial composition and host response after antibiotic administration. As well as providing an explanation for variability in animal models using antibiotics, the findings encourage the development of personalized medication in antibiotic therapies. IMPORTANCE This work provides an understanding of variability in studies where antibiotics are used to alter the gut microbiota to generate a host response. Furthermore, although providing evidence only for the one antibiotic, the study demonstrated that initial gut microbial composition is a key factor driving host response to antibiotic administration, creating a compelling argument for considering personalized medication based on individual variations in gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Acquisition of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Gut Microbiota of Pilgrims during the Hajj Pilgrimage of 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 3222-3226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thongpan Leangapichart ◽  
Ndèye Méry Dia ◽  
Abiola Olumuyiwa Olaitan ◽  
Philippe Gautret ◽  
Philippe Brouqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACTWe reported the acquisition of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in rectal samples of 129 pilgrims during the 2013 Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah). When returning from the Hajj, there was a significant increase in the number of pilgrims carryingE. coliresistant to ceftriaxone (P= 0.008). The CTX-M gene was detected in rectal samples, with the detection rate increasing from 10.08% to 32.56% of samples after the Hajj (P< 0.001).

scholarly journals The Genotoxin Colibactin Shapes Gut Microbiota in Mice

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Tronnet ◽  
Pauline Floch ◽  
Laetitia Lucarelli ◽  
Deborah Gaillard ◽  
Patricia Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT The genotoxin colibactin produced by resident bacteria of the gut microbiota may have tumorigenic effect by inducing DNA double-strand breaks in host cells. Yet, the effect of colibactin on gut microbiota composition and functions remains unknown. To address this point, we designed an experiment in which pregnant mice were colonized with the following: (i) a commensal Escherichia coli strain, (ii) a commensal E. coli strain plus a genotoxic E. coli strain, (iii) a commensal E. coli strain plus a nongenotoxic E. coli mutant strain unable to produce mature colibactin. Then, we analyzed the gut microbiota in pups at day 15 and day 35 after birth. At day 15, mice that were colonized at birth with the genotoxic strain showed lower levels of Proteobacteria and taxa belonging to the Proteobacteria, a modest effect on overall microbial diversity, and no effect on gut microbiome. At day 35, mice that received the genotoxic strain showed lower Firmicutes and taxa belonging to the Firmicutes, together with a strong effect on overall microbial diversity and higher microbial functions related to DNA repair. Moreover, the genotoxic strain strongly affected gut microbial diversity evolution of pups receiving the genotoxic strain between day 15 and day 35. Our data show that colibactin, beyond targeting the host, may also exert its genotoxic effect on the gut microbiota. IMPORTANCE Infections of genotoxic Escherichia coli spread concomitantly with urbanized progression. These bacteria may prompt cell senescence and affect DNA stability, inducing cancer via the production of colibactin, a genotoxin shown capable of affecting host DNA in eukaryotic cells. In this study, we show that the action of colibactin may also be directed against other bacteria of the gut microbiota in which genotoxic E. coli bacteria have been introduced. Indeed, the presence of genotoxic E. coli induced a change in both the structure and function of the gut microbiota. Our data indicate that genotoxic E. coli may use colibactin to compete for gut niche utilization.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of the Multiresistant Escherichia coli C20 Strain, Isolated from Domestic Chicken Gut Microbiota

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Chuan Tian ◽  
Wei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Domestic Chicken ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Final Assembly ◽  
Chicken Gut Microbiota

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli C20, isolated from domestic chicken gut microbiota, demonstrated multidrug resistance to the tested antibiotics. Here, we present the draft genomic sequences of E. coli C20, along with that of its plasmid. The final assembly yielded a chromosome of 4,640,940 bp and plasmid of 277,380 bp, with average coverages of 146.95-fold and 35.63-fold, respectively.

scholarly journals Isolation of a Gene Responsible for the Oxidation oftrans-Anethole topara-Anisaldehyde by Pseudomonas putida JYR-1 and Its Expression in Escherichia coli

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (15) ◽  
pp. 5238-5246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongfei Han ◽  
Ji-Young Ryu ◽  
Robert A. Kanaly ◽  
Hor-Gil Hur
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Hypothetical Protein ◽  
Aldehyde Group ◽  
Agrobacterium Vitis ◽  
T7 Promoter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Isoeugenol Monooxygenase

ABSTRACTA plasmid, pTA163, inEscherichia colicontained an approximately 34-kb gene fragment fromPseudomonas putidaJYR-1 that included the genes responsible for the metabolism oftrans-anethole to protocatechuic acid. Three Tn5-disrupted open reading frame 10 (ORF 10) mutants of plasmid pTA163 lost their abilities to catalyzetrans-anethole. Heterologously expressed ORF 10 (1,047 nucleotides [nt]) under a T7 promoter inE. colicatalyzed oxidative cleavage of a propenyl group oftrans-anethole to an aldehyde group, resulting in the production ofpara-anisaldehyde, and this gene was designatedtao(trans-anetholeoxygenase). The deduced amino acid sequence of TAO had the highest identity (34%) to a hypothetical protein ofAgrobacterium vitisS4 and likely contained a flavin-binding site. Preferred incorporation of an oxygen molecule from water intop-anisaldehyde using18O-labeling experiments indicated stereo preference of TAO for hydrolysis of the epoxide group. Interestingly, unlike the narrow substrate range of isoeugenol monooxygenase fromPseudomonas putidaIE27 andPseudomonas nitroreducensJin1, TAO fromP. putidaJYR-1 catalyzed isoeugenol,O-methyl isoeugenol, and isosafrole, all of which contain the 2-propenyl functional group on the aromatic ring structure. Addition of NAD(P)H to the ultrafiltered cell extracts ofE. coli(pTA163) increased the activity of TAO. Due to the relaxed substrate range of TAO, it may be utilized for the production of various fragrance compounds from plant phenylpropanoids in the future.

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