scholarly journals Regulation of CTnDOT Conjugative Transfer Is a Complex and Highly Coordinated Series of Events

mBio ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian L. Waters ◽  
Abigail A. Salyers
Keyword(s):  
Human Colon ◽  
Conjugative Transfer ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Negative Regulators ◽  
Conjugative Transposon ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Anaerobic Infections

ABSTRACTCTnDOT is a 65-kb conjugative transposon that is found inBacteroidesspp., which are one of the more abundant members within the lower human gastrointestinal tract. CTnDOT encodes resistance to the antibiotics erythromycin and tetracycline (Tc). An interesting feature of CTnDOT is that exposure to low levels of Tc induces a cascade of events that ultimately results in CTnDOT conjugative transfer. However, Tc is apparently not a switch that activates transfer but rather a signal that appears to override a series of negative regulators that inhibit premature excision and transfer of CTnDOT. In this minireview, we summarize over 20 years of research that focused on elucidating the highly coordinated regulation of excision, mobilization, and transfer of CTnDOT.IMPORTANCEBacteroidesspp. are abundant commensals in the human colon, but they are also considered opportunistic pathogens, as they can cause life-threatening infections if they should escape the colon.Bacteroidesspp. are the most common cause of anaerobic infections and are rather difficult to treat due to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance within this genus. Today over 80% ofBacteroidesare resistant to tetracycline (Tc), and a study looking at both clinical and community isolates demonstrated that this resistance was specifically due to the conjugative transposon CTnDOT.

scholarly journals Stability and Compatibility Aspects of Drugs: The Case of Selected Cephalosporins

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Szymon Tomczak ◽  
Aleksandra Gostyńska ◽  
Malwina Nadolna ◽  
Karolina Reisner ◽  
Marta Orlando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Medical Errors ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Degradation Studies ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Infusion Fluids

Intravenous drug incompatibilities are a common cause of medical errors, contributing to ineffective therapy and even life-threatening events. The co-administration of drugs must always be supported by studies confirming compatibility and thus guarantee the therapy’s safety. Particular attention should be paid to the possible incompatibilities or degradation of intravenous cephalosporins in different infusion regimens since the administration of drugs with inadequate quality may cause treatment failure. Therefore, an appropriate stability test should be performed. The study aimed to present various aspects of the stability and compatibility of five cephalosporins: cefepime (CFE), cefuroxime (CFU), ceftriaxone (CFX), ceftazidime (CFZ), and cefazoline (CFL). The degradation studies in parenteral infusion fluids and PN admixtures were conducted for CFE and CFU. The interactions between CFX or CFZ and PN admixtures, as well as the compatibility of CFL with five commercial parenteral nutrition (PN) admixtures, were investigated. The content of CFX and CFZ in PN admixture after 24 h was >90%. CFL administered simultaneously with PN admixture by the same infusion set using Y-site was compatible only with Nutriflex Lipid Special. CFE and CFU were stable in all tested infusion fluids for a minimum of 48 h and decomposed in PN admixtures during storage.

scholarly journals Occurrence and species diversity of human-pathogenic Mucorales in commercial food-stuffs purchased in Paris area

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bita Mousavi ◽  
Françoise Botterel ◽  
Jean-Marc Costa ◽  
Pascal Arné ◽  
Jacques Guillot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Samples ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
Rhizopus Microsporus ◽  
Syncephalastrum Racemosum ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Lichtheimia Corymbifera ◽  
Culture Positive

AbstractMucormycoses are life-threatening fungal diseases that affect a variety of patients including those with diabetes mellitus or hematological malignancies. The responsible agents, the Mucorales, are opportunistic pathogens originating from the environment such as soil or decaying organic matter. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and diversity of human-pathogenic species of Mucorales in commercially available foodstuffs in France. All food samples were purchased from January 2014 to May 2015 in France. A total of 159 dried food samples including spices and herbs (n = 68), herbal tea (n = 19), cereals (n = 19), vegetables (n = 14), and other foodstuffs (n = 39) were analyzed. Each strain of Mucorales was identified phenotypically, and molecular identification was performed by ITS sequencing. From the 28 (17.6%) samples that were culture-positive for Mucorales, 30 isolates were recovered. Among the isolates, 13 were identified as Rhizopus arrhizus var. arrhizus, 10 R. arrhizus var. delemar, two Rhizopus microsporus, one Lichtheimia corymbifera, three Lichtheimia ramosa, and one Syncephalastrum racemosum. Culture-positive samples originated from different countries (Europe, Asia) and brands. The samples most frequently contaminated by Mucorales were spices and herbs (19/68, 27.9%), followed by herbal tea (2/19, 10.5%), cereals (2/19, 10.5%), other food products (5/39, 12.8%). The present study showed that human-pathogenic Mucorales were frequently recovered from commercially available foodstuffs in France with a large diversity of species. The potential danger represented by Mucorales present in food for immunocompromised patients should be further analyzed.

scholarly journals A Review of Adverse Cutaneous Drug Reactions Resulting from the Use of Interferon and Ribavirin

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 677-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Mistry ◽  
Jonathan Shapero ◽  
Richard I Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Injection Site Reactions ◽  
Drug Eruptions ◽  
Fixed Drug ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Cutaneous Drug Reactions ◽  
Systemic Drug

Drug-induced cutaneous eruptions are named among the most common side effects of many medications. Thus, cutaneous drug eruptions are a common cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in hospital settings. The present article reviews different presentations of drug-induced cutaneous eruptions, with a focus on eruptions reported secondary to the use of interferon and ribavirin. Presentations include injection site reactions, psoriasis, eczematous drug reactions, alopecia, sarcoidosis, lupus, fixed drug eruptions, pigmentary changes and lichenoid eruptions. Also reviewed are findings regarding life-threatening systemic drug reactions.

scholarly journals Successful treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus with posaconazole

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Yuan ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
F. Liu ◽  
Y. C. Dang ◽  
Q. T. Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Rhizopus Microsporus ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Pulmonary Mucormycosis ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection occurring chiefly in the lung or the rhino-orbital-cerebral compartment, particularly in patients with immunodeficiency or diabetes mellitus. Among Mucorales fungi, Rhizopus spp. are the most common cause of mucormycosis. Case presentation We report a case of pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus in a young patient with diabetes but no other apparent risk factors. The diagnosis mainly relied on clinical manifestation, positive pulmonary tissue biopsy, and fungal culture. The patient was successfully treated with posaconazole oral suspension and remains asymptomatic at one-year follow-up. Conclusions Pulmonary mucormycosis is a life-threatening condition and posaconazole is an effective treatment for pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microspores.

Hepatic venous-portal gradient (HVPG) measurement: pearls and pitfalls

2021 ◽  
pp. 20210061
Author(s):  
Qiqi Lu ◽  
Sum Leong ◽  
Kristen Alexa Lee ◽  
Ankur Patel ◽  
Jasmine Ming Er Chua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Variceal Bleeding ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Selection And Assessment

Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is the gold-standard for measurement of portal hypertension, a common cause for life-threatening conditions such as variceal bleeding and hepatic encephalopathy. HVPG also plays a crucial role in risk stratification, treatment selection and assessment of treatment response. Thus recognition of common pitfalls and unusual hepatic venous conditions is crucial. This article aims to provide a radiographical and clinical guide to HVPG with representative clinical cases.

Clinical approach

2010 ◽  
pp. 420-422
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Life Threatening

Infection is most often suspected when patients present with pyrexia and is certainly the most common cause of this presentation, whether in hospitalized patients or those in the community. The other principal causes of fever are primary inflammatory conditions and malignancy, but infections are likely to be most rapidly progressive and acutely life-threatening and hence must be the physician’s first concern....

A systematic approach to the injured patient

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clay Cothren Burlew ◽  
Ernest E. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Injured Patient ◽  
Trauma Team ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Primary Survey ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Secondary Survey ◽  
Injured Patients

Trauma remains the most common cause of death for all individuals between the ages of 1 and 44 years, and is the third most common cause of death regardless of age. It is also the leading cause of years of productive life lost. However, death rate underestimates the magnitude of the societal toll. Organized trauma systems have improved mortality by providing timely and expert care to severely-injured patients. Patient management consists of rapid primary survey, which should focus on the identification and simultaneous treatment of immediately life-threatening injuries. A classical ABC (airway, breathing, circulation) approach is recommended and is best carried out by a trained and practiced trauma team. The primary survey is followed by a more detailed examination, the secondary survey, which consists of a head-to-toe examination to identify all specific injuries. The secondary survey should be followed by investigation and definitive care.

scholarly journals Impacted denture in the oesophagus: review of the literature and its management

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. e229655
Author(s):  
Zahir Mughal ◽  
Alexander Rowan Charlton ◽  
Raghav Dwivedi ◽  
Basavaiah Natesh
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Oesophageal Perforation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Foreign Body Impaction ◽  
Acute Dysphagia ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Foreign body impaction in the oesophagus is a common cause of acute dysphagia. Oesophageal impaction of sharp objects such as dentures can be life threatening due to the risk of oesophageal perforation. This condition requires urgent treatment, and therefore prompt diagnosis and management is vital to avoid complications. Diagnosing oesophageal foreign body can be challenging due to its poor localising symptoms. We describe a case of an impacted denture in which considerable delays to treatment were encountered, and discuss the pitfalls and lessons learnt. This case and review of the literature draw attention to clinical assessment, investigation and treatment options for oesophageal foreign body impaction.

Factor XIII In Henoch-Schönlein’s Purpura

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Henriksson ◽  
J. M. Nilsson ◽  
U. Hedner
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Bleeding Tendency ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Fibrinolytic Parameters

The increased bleeding tendency in Henoch-Schönlein’s purpura has been attributed to increased vascular permeability. Gastrointestinal bleeding in these patients may be fatal. Coagulation and fibrinolytic studies have been performed in 7 patients with Henoch-Schönlein’s purpura. A 9-year old boy had a life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding which had required 20 bottles of blood per day. It was found that all 7 patients had low levels of factor XIII determined with the dansylcadaverine method of Lorand et al. (1969). The values ranged between 4 and 8 FSF U/ml (mean 6 FSE U/ml ; normal range 11-31 FSF U/ml). Other coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters were normal.Administration of factor XIII concentrate promptly stopped the bleeding in the above mentioned 9-year old boy. On recovery the factor XIII values normalised.

scholarly journals Development of a Combined Sensory-Cognitive Measure Based on the Common Cause Hypothesis: Heterogeneous Trajectories and Associated Risk Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. e357-e366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier de la Fuente ◽  
Dario Moreno-Agostino ◽  
Alejandro de la Torre-Luque ◽  
A Matthew Prina ◽  
Josep María Haro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Cognitive Measure ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Common ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background and Objectives There is a link between sensory and cognitive functioning across old age. However, there are no integrative measures for assessing common determinants of sensory-cognitive functioning. This study aims to develop a combined measure of sensory-cognitive functioning, and to identify heterogeneous trajectories and associated risk factors. Research Design and Methods Two thousand two hundred and fifty-five individuals aged 60 years and over selected from the first six waves (2002–2012) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing completed a set of five self-reported visual and hearing functioning items and four cognitive items. Several health-related outcomes were also collected. Results The common cause model presented longitudinal factorial invariance (Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = 0.989; Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.991; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA] = 0.026). A common factor explained 32%, 36%, and 26% of the visual, hearing, and cognitive difficulties, respectively. The developed sensory-cognitive measure predicted incident dementia over 10 years (area under the curve = .80; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .75, .86). A three-trajectory model was proved to fit better, according to growth mixture modeling. Low levels of education and household wealth, disability, diabetes, high blood pressure, depressive symptoms, and low levels of physical activity were risk factors associated with the classes showing trajectories with a steeper increase of sensory-cognitive difficulties. Discussion and Implications A time-invariant factor explains both sensory and cognitive functioning over 8 years. The sensory-cognitive measure derived from this factor showed a good performance for predicting dementia 10 years later. Several easily identifiable socioeconomic and health-related risk factors could be used as early markers of subsequent sensory-cognitive decline. Therefore, the proposed latent measure could be useful as a cost-effective indicator of sensory-cognitive functioning.

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