scholarly journals Emergence of Plasmid-Mediated Resistance Genes tet (X) and mcr-1 in Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from Pakistan

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruichao Li ◽  
Mashkoor Mohsin ◽  
Xiaoyu Lu ◽  
Sabahat Abdullah ◽  
Asim Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clinical Specimens

Global transmission of plasmid-mediated tigecycline resistance gene tet (X)-bearing Escherichia coli strains incurs a public health concern. However, the research focusing on the prevalence of tet (X)-positive isolates in clinical specimens is still rare, and to our knowledge, there is no such report from South Asia.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from U.S. Wastewater Treatment Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Gomez-Alvarez ◽  
Jill Hoelle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geographically Dispersed

The spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms is a major public health concern. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of three Escherichia coli isolates from primary effluent collected from geographically dispersed U.S.

scholarly journals A Novel SXT/R391 Integrative and Conjugative Element Carries Two Copies of the bla NDM-1 Gene in Proteus mirabilis

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintao He ◽  
Long Sun ◽  
Linghong Zhang ◽  
Sebastian Leptihn ◽  
Yunsong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Major Public Health Concern ◽  
Integrative Conjugative Element ◽  
Horizontal Acquisition ◽  
Integrative And Conjugative Element

The occurrence of carbapenemase-producing Proteus mirabilis , especially those strains producing NDM-1 and its variants, is a major public health concern worldwide. The integrative conjugative element (ICE) plays an important role in horizontal acquisition of resistance genes.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of potentially human‐pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from riding horses

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouya Reshadi ◽  
Fatemeh Heydari ◽  
Reza Ghanbarpour ◽  
Mahboube Bagheri ◽  
Maziar Jajarmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Abstract Background Transmission of antimicrobial resistant and virulent Escherichia coli (E. coli) from animal to human has been considered as a public health concern. This study aimed to determine the phylogenetic background and prevalence of diarrheagenic E. coli and antimicrobial resistance in healthy riding-horses in Iran. In this research, the genes related to six main pathotypes of E. coli were screened. Also, genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance against commonly used antibiotics were studied, then phylo-grouping was performed on all the isolates. Results Out of 65 analyzed isolates, 29.23 % (n = 19) were determined as STEC and 6.15 % (n = 4) as potential EPEC. The most prevalent antimicrobial resistance phenotypes were against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (46.2 %) and ceftriaxone (38.5 %). blaTEM was the most detected resistance gene (98.4 %) among the isolates and 26.15 % of the E. coli isolates were determined as multi-drug resistant (MDR). Three phylo-types including B1 (76.92 %), A (13.85 %) and D (3.08 %) were detected among the isolates. Conclusions Due to the close interaction of horses and humans, these findings would place emphasis on the pathogenic and zoonotic potential of the equine strains and may help to design antimicrobial resistance stewardship programs to control the dissemination of virulent and multi-drug resistant E. coli strains in the community.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from Raw Retail Broiler Chickens in Zambia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Muligisa Muonga ◽  
Geoffrey Mainda ◽  
Mercy Mukuma ◽  
Geoffrey Kwenda ◽  
Bernard Hang'ombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Open Markets

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of foodborne pathogens is of public health concern, especially in developing countries like Zambia. This study was undertaken to determine the resistance profiles of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Salmonella isolated from dressed broiler chickens purchased from open markets and supermarkets in Zambia.Results A total of 189 E. coli and five Salmonella isolates were isolated. Identification and confirmation of the isolates was done using Analytical Profile Index (API 20E) (Biomerieux ® ) and 16S rRNA sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) were performed using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion technique using a panel of 10 different antibiotics and multiplex PCR was used to determine the presence of three target genes encoding for resistance: tetA, Sul1 and CTXM. AST results were entered and analyzed in WHONET 2018 software. A total of 189 E. coli and five Salmonella isolates were identified. Among the E. coli isolates, Tetracycline recorded the highest resistance of 79.4%, followed by Ampicillin 51.9%, Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole 49.7%, Nalidixic Acid 24.3%, Chloramphenicol 16.4%, Cefotaxime 16.4%, Ciprofloxacin 10.1%, Colistin 7.4%, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid 6.9%, and Imipenem 1.1%. Two of the five Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Forty- seven (45.2%) of the isolates possessed at least one of the targeted resistance genes.Conclusion This study has demonstrated the presence of AMR E. coli and Salmonella on raw broiler chickens from both open markets and supermarkets. Such resistance is of public health concern and measures need to be put in place to regulate the use of these antimicrobials in poultry production.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Transfer of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Beef Cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (16) ◽  
pp. 5560-5566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Won Shin ◽  
Min Kyoung Shin ◽  
Myunghwan Jung ◽  
Kuastros Mekonnen Belaynehe ◽  
Han Sang Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and transferability of resistance in tetracycline-resistantEscherichia coliisolates recovered from beef cattle in South Korea. A total of 155E. coliisolates were collected from feces in South Korea, and 146 were confirmed to be resistant to tetracycline. The tetracycline resistance genetet(A) (46.5%) was the most prevalent, followed bytet(B) (45.1%) andtet(C) (5.8%). Strains carryingtet(A) plustet(B) andtet(B) plustet(C) were detected in two isolates each. In terms of phylogenetic grouping, 101 (65.2%) isolates were classified as phylogenetic group B1, followed in decreasing order by D (17.4%), A (14.2%), and B2 (3.2%). Ninety-one (62.3%) isolates were determined to be multidrug resistant by the disk diffusion method. MIC testing using the principal tetracyclines, namely, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline, revealed that isolates carryingtet(B) had higher MIC values than isolates carryingtet(A). Conjugation assays showed that 121 (82.9%) isolates could transfer a tetracycline resistance gene to a recipient via the IncFIB replicon (65.1%). This study suggests that the high prevalence of tetracycline-resistantE. coliisolates in beef cattle is due to the transferability of tetracycline resistance genes betweenE. colipopulations which have survived the selective pressure caused by the use of antimicrobial agents.

Prevalence of trimethoprim resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates of human and animal origin in Lithuania

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaida Šeputienė ◽  
Justas Povilonis ◽  
Modestas Ružauskas ◽  
Alvydas Pavilonis ◽  
Edita Sužiedėlienė
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Alternative Sources

A total of 456 non-repetitive Escherichia coli isolates from human clinical specimens (urinary, n=134; cervix, vagina and prostate, n=52; blood, pus and wounds, n=45), healthy animals (cattle, n=45; poultry, n=20) and diseased animals (cattle, n=53; swine, n=64; poultry, n=43) obtained in Lithuania during the period 2005–2008 were studied for trimethoprim (TMP) resistance and the prevalence of dfr genes. A TMP resistance rate in the range of 18–26 % respective to the origin was found in clinical isolates, 23–40 % in isolates from diseased animals and 9–20 % in isolates from healthy animals. Of 112 TMP-resistant isolates, 103 carried at least one of the six dfrA genes (dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA14 and dfrA17) as determined by multiplex PCR and RFLP. The dfrA1 and dfrA17 genes were found most frequently in clinical isolates (17 and 19 isolates, respectively), whilst dfrA1 and dfrA14 genes dominated in isolates of animal origin (25 and 13 isolates, respectively). The dfrA5, dfrA12 and dfrA8 genes were detected at lower frequencies. The association with class 1/class 2 integrons was confirmed for 73–100 % of dfr genes found in most groups of isolates, except for the isolates from diseased swine. In this group, the majority of dfr-positive isolates (67 %, 8/12) carried dfrA8 (6/12) or dfrA14 genes (2/12) that were not associated with integrons. Non-integron location was also confirmed for the remaining dfrA8 genes (six clinical isolates and one isolate from diseased cattle) and for dfrA14 genes (two isolates from diseased cattle and swine each). All cassette-independent dfrA14 genes were found to be located within the strA gene. This study on the prevalence and distribution of TMP resistance genes among E. coli isolates of human and animal origin in Lithuania demonstrates that dfr genes are carried most frequently as gene cassettes within class 1 and/or class 2 integrons. However, TMP resistance in some of the isolates was found to be mediated by non-integron-associated dfrA8 and dfrA14 genes, indicating the existence of alternative sources for the spread of resistance.

scholarly journals Lack of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia pestis Isolates from 17 Countries in the Americas, Africa, and Asia

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 555-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra K. Urich ◽  
Linda Chalcraft ◽  
Martin E. Schriefer ◽  
Brook M. Yockey ◽  
Jeannine M. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTYersinia pestisis the causative agent of plague, a fulminant disease that is often fatal without antimicrobial treatment. Plasmid (IncA/C)-mediated multidrug resistance inY. pestiswas reported in 1995 in Madagascar and has generated considerable public health concern, most recently because of the identification of IncA/C multidrug-resistant plasmids in other zoonotic pathogens. Here, we demonstrate no resistance in 392Y. pestisisolates from 17 countries to eight antimicrobials used for treatment or prophylaxis of plague.

scholarly journals Shigella Vaccine Development: Finding the Path of Least Resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 904-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbur H. Chen ◽  
Karen L. Kotloff
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase I Study ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Childhood Diarrhea ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTShigellaspp. represent the second most common etiologic pathogen causing childhood diarrhea in developing countries. There are no licensedShigellavaccines, and progress for such vaccines has been limited. In this issue ofClinical and Vaccine Immunology, Riddle and colleagues (M. S. Riddle, R. W. Kaminski, C. Di Paolo, C. K. Porter, R. L. Gutierrez, et al., Clin Vaccine Immunol 23:908–917, 2016,http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00224-16) report results from a phase I study of a parenterally administered monovalent O-polysaccharide “bioconjugate” directed againstShigella flexneri2a. Ultimately, the goal is to develop a broad-spectrumShigellavaccine to address this public health concern. A parenteralShigellavaccine capable of eliciting protection in children of developing countries would be an important tool to reach this goal.

scholarly journals Detection of Florfenicol Resistance Genes inEscherichia coli Isolated from Sick Chickens

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Keyes ◽  
Charlene Hudson ◽  
John J. Maurer ◽  
Stephan Thayer ◽  
David G. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Inescherichia Coli

ABSTRACT Florfenicol is an antibiotic approved for veterinary use in cattle in the United States in 1996. Although this drug is not used in poultry, we have detected resistance to florfenicol in clinical isolates of avian Escherichia coli. Molecular typing demonstrated that the florfenicol resistance gene, flo, was independently acquired and is plasmid encoded.

scholarly journals Emergence of Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 in Cronobacter sakazakii Producing NDM-9 and in Escherichia coli from the Same Animal

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-Tao Liu ◽  
Feng-Jing Song ◽  
Ming Zou ◽  
Zhi-Hui Hao ◽  
Hu Shan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Cronobacter Sakazakii ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

ABSTRACT We report the presence of mcr-1 in Escherichia coli and carbapenem-resistant Cronobacter sakazakii from the same diseased chicken. The mcr-1 gene linked with ISApl1 was located on two different IncI2 plasmids, including one multidrug plasmid in E. coli, whereas fosA3-bla NDM-9 was on an IncB/O plasmid in C. sakazakii. The development of the fosA3-bla NDM-9 resistance region was mediated by IS26. The colocation of mcr-1 or bla NDM-9 with other resistance genes will accelerate the dissemination of the two genes.

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