A protocol for a randomised controlled trial of the bone response to impact loading or resistance training in young women with lower than average bone mass: the OPTIMA-Ex trial

IntroductionThe aim of the Osteoporosis Prevention Through Impact and Muscle-loading Approaches to Exercise trial is to compare the bone response to two known osteogenic stimuli — impact loading exercise and resistance training. Specifically, we will examine the effect of a 10-month, twice-weekly, high-intensity impact loading exercise intervention and a 10-month, twice-weekly, high-intensity resistance training intervention on bone mass and strength at clinically important skeletal sites. The intervention groups will be compared against a home-based ‘positive’ control group. Safety and acceptability of each exercise modality will also be determined.Methods and analysisSedentary otherwise healthy young women aged 18–30 years with bone mineral density (BMD) T-scores less than or equal to 0 at the hip and lumbar spine, screened for conditions and medications that influence bone and physical function, will be recruited. Eligible participants are randomised to 10-month, twice-weekly, either supervised high-intensity impact training, high-intensity resistance training or a home-based ‘positive’ control group. The primary outcome measure will be lumbar spine areal BMD, while secondary outcome measures will include: whole body, femoral neck and regional measures (upper and lower limb) of bone, muscle and fat; anthropometrics; muscle strength and power; quality of life and exercise safety, enjoyment and acceptability. All outcome measures will be conducted at baseline (T0) and 10 months (T10) and will be analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle and per protocol.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been granted ethical approval from the Griffith University Human Research Ethics Committee (GU Ref: 2015/775). Standard scientific reporting practices will occur, including publication in peer-reviewed journals. Participant confidentiality will be maintained in all forms of reporting.Trial registration numberACTRN12616001444471.

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High Intensity Resistance Training Methods with and without Protein Supplementation to Fight Cardiometabolic Risk in Middle-Aged Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/9705287 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Wolfgang Kemmler ◽

Andreas Wittke ◽

Michael Bebenek ◽

Michael Fröhlich ◽

Simon von Stengel

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Resistance Training ◽

High Intensity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

High Volume ◽

Protein Supplementation ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

High Intensity Training ◽

Intensity Training

Time-effective protocols may potentially increase people’s compliance with exercise. The purpose of this paper was to compare the relative effects of 16 weeks of high intensity (resistance) training (HIT) with and without protein supplementation (HIT&P) and HVHIT (high volume/high intensity training) versus a nontraining control group on cardiometabolic risk factors. One hundred and twenty untrained males 30–50 years old were randomly assigned to 3 subgroups: (a) a HIT group; (b) a HIT&P group, and (c) a waiting-control group (phase I) that crossed over to (d) high volume/high intensity training (HVHIT) during the second study phase. HIT was defined as “single set to failure protocol” while HVHIT consistently applied two sets. Protein supplementation provided an overall intake of 1.5 g/kg/body mass. Primary study endpoint was the metabolic syndromeZ-Score (MetS-Z-Score). MetS-Z-Score significantly improved in all exercise groups (p≤0.001) with no significant difference between HIT, HIT&P, and HVHIT (p≥0.829). However, all the exercise groups differed significantly from the CG (p<0.001) which deteriorated significantly (p=0.039). In conclusion, all exercise protocols were similarly effective in improving cardiometabolic risk factors. Thus, HIT may be the best choice for people with low time budgets looking to improve their cardiometabolic health.

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Regular Follow-Up Increases Ground Reaction Forces During a Home-Based Exercise Intervention to Improve Bone Mass in Young Women

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000402099.12725.5d ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 755

Author(s):

Caitlin Amiton ◽

Jeff Nessler ◽

Allison Xavier ◽

Brian J. Martin ◽

Kara A. Witzke

Keyword(s):

Bone Mass ◽

Young Women ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Ground Reaction Forces ◽

Home Based ◽

Reaction Forces

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Postmenopausal Women With Low Bone Mass Enjoy Bone-targeted, High-intensity Resistance Training: LIFTMOR Trial Observations

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000671624.38972.df ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (7S) ◽

pp. 140-140

Author(s):

Benjamin K. Weeks ◽

Belinda R. Beck ◽

Conor Lambert ◽

Lisa J. Weis ◽

Amy T. Harding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

High Intensity ◽

Low Bone Mass

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Effect of moderate and high-intensity endurance and resistance training on serum concentrations of MSTN and IGF-1 in old male Wistar rats

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci-2018-0066 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zohreh Shanazari ◽

Mohammad Faramarzi ◽

Ebrahim Banitalebi ◽

Roohullah Hemmati

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Endurance Training ◽

High Intensity ◽

Intracellular Signaling ◽

Male Rats ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Exercise Session ◽

Control Group ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background Skeletal muscle is very sensitive to extracellular and intracellular signaling evoked by contractions from endurance and resistance exercise. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of moderate- and high-intensity endurance and resistance training on the serum myostatin (MSTN) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels in older rats. Materials and methods Fifty old Wistar male rats (23 months old) were randomly divided into four experimental and one control groups, including moderate-endurance training (MET) (n = 10), high-intensity endurance training (EHT) (n = 10), moderate-intensity resistance training (MRT) (n = 10), high-intensity resistance training (HRT) (n = 10), and control group (C) (n = 10). Seventy-two hours after the last exercise session, euthanasia of the rats were rendered unconscious and direct blood samples were collected. Serum IGF-1 and MSTN concentration were measured using the enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) method. The statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results There was a significant reduction in MSTN and an increase in IGF-1 concentrations was observed between IGF-I levels in high and moderate resistance and endurance training. However, no significant difference was observed in MSTN levels between groups. Discussion Therefore, it appears that resistance training, especially HRT, is effective to increase growth mediators among older rats.

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Home-Based Resistance Training for Older Subjects during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy: Preliminary Results of a Six-Months RCT

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17249533 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (24) ◽

pp. 9533

Author(s):

Jacopo Antonino Vitale ◽

Matteo Bonato ◽

Stefano Borghi ◽

Carmelo Messina ◽

Domenico Albano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Training Program ◽

T Test ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Group Differences ◽

Control Group ◽

Resistance Training Program ◽

Home Based ◽

Older Subjects

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a six-month home-based resistance-training program on muscle health and physical performance in healthy older subjects during the unique condition of home confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. This was a randomized-controlled study that enrolled older participants that were allocated to either an experimental group performing the six-months exercise prescription (EXE) or a control group (CON). At the beginning (PRE), and after 6 months (POST), participants were assessed for muscle strength, balance, gait assessment and body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging. Normality distribution of data was checked with the D’Agostino and Pearson test and changes between PRE and POST were assessed by paired Student’s t-test while percentage and absolute changes between groups at POST were tested by unpaired t-test. Results. Nine participants were included for the final analysis: EXE, n = 5 (age: 66 ± 4; BMI: 27.5 ± 3.7) and CON, n = 4 (age: 71 ± 9; BMI: 24.2 ± 4.1). Significant PRE-to-POST changes were observed in the EXE group only in the chair-stand test (+19.8%, p = 0.048 and ES:1.0, moderate) and in total fat mass (+5.0%, p = 0.035 and ES:1.4, large) with no between-group differences. Moreover, EXE had significantly higher absolute thigh CSA values than CON at POST (14.138 ± 2977 vs. 9039 ± 1015, p = 0.0178, ES = 1.7). No other within- and between-group differences were detected. Conclusions. The home-based resistance-training program during the lockdown period, caused by the COVID-19 outbreak, determined only within-group improvement in lower limb muscle strength but not in muscle mass and composition in older subjects. Home confinement may partially explain the increase in total body fat due to a reduced daily PA regime and altered diet pattern.

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The effects of isometric resistance training on stretch reflex induced tremor in the knee extensor muscles

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00917.2011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 114 (12) ◽

pp. 1647-1656 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rade Durbaba ◽

Angela Cassidy ◽

Francesco Budini ◽

Andrea Macaluso

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

High Intensity ◽

Stretch Reflex ◽

Knee Extensor ◽

Training Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Force Matching ◽

Level Of Activity ◽

Extensor Muscles ◽

Knee Extensor Muscles

This study examines the effect of 4 wk of high-intensity isometric resistance training on induced tremor in knee extensor muscles. Fourteen healthy volunteers were assigned to either the training group ( n = 7) or the nontraining control group ( n = 7). Induced tremor was assessed by measuring force fluctuations during anisometric contractions against spring loading, whose compliance was varied to allow for preferential activation of the short or long latency stretch reflex components. Effects of high-intensity isometric resistance training on induced tremor was assessed under two contraction conditions: relative force matching, where the relative level of activity was equal for both pre- and post-training sessions, set at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), and absolute force matching, where the level of activity was set to 30% pretrained MVC. The training group experienced a 26.5% increase in MVC in contrast to the 0.8% for the control group. For relative force-matching contractions, induced tremor amplitude and frequency did not change in either the training or control group. During absolute force-matching contractions, induced tremor amplitude was decreased by 37.5% and 31.6% for the short and long components, respectively, with no accompanying change in frequency, for the training group. No change in either measure was observed in the control group for absolute force-matching contractions. The results are consistent with high-intensity isometric resistance training induced neural changes leading to increased strength, coupled with realignment of stretch reflex automatic gain compensation to the new maximal force output. Also, previous reported reductions in anisometric tremor following strength training may partly be due to changed stretch reflex behavior.

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Perioperative Rehabilitation in Operable Lung Cancer Patients (PROLUCA)

Integrative Cancer Therapies ◽

10.1177/1534735416635741 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 455-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Maja S. Sommer ◽

Karen Trier ◽

Jette Vibe-Petersen ◽

Malene Missel ◽

Merete Christensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Surgical Resection ◽

High Intensity ◽

Fast Track ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Control Group ◽

Postoperative Rehabilitation ◽

Home Based ◽

High Intensity Interval

Introduction. Surgical resection in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may be associated with significant morbidity, functional limitations, and decreased quality of life. Objectives. The safety and feasibility of a preoperative and early postoperative rehabilitation program in patients operated for NSCLC was determined in a nonhospital setting, with focus on high-intensity interval exercise. Methods. Forty patients with biopsy-proven NSCLC stages I to IIIa referred for surgical resection at the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery RT, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups (3 intervention groups and 1 control group). The preoperative intervention consisted of a home-based exercise program, while the postoperative exercise program comprised a supervised group exercise program involving resistance and high-intensity interval cardiorespiratory exercise 2 hours weekly for 12 weeks combined with individual counseling. The study endpoints were inclusion rate, adherence, and number of adverse events. Results. Forty patients (of 124 screened; 32%) were included and randomized into the 4 groups. The postoperative exercise was completed by 73% of the patients randomized to this intervention. No adverse events were observed, indicating that the early postoperative exercise program is safe. The preoperative home-based exercise program was not feasible due to interfering diagnostic procedures and fast-track surgery that left only 1 to 2 weeks between diagnosis and surgery. Conclusion. The early postoperative exercise program for patients with NSCLC was safe and feasible, but in a fast-track set up, a preoperative home-based exercise program was not feasible for this population.

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The acute effect of different intensity aerobic and resistance training exercise on the body image in adult women

International Journal of Physical Education Fitness and Sports ◽

10.34256/ijpefs2144 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 22-31

Author(s):

Carpio-Rivera E ◽

Moncada-Jiménez J ◽

Salazar-Roja W ◽

Araya-Vargas G

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

High Intensity ◽

Acute Effect ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Adult Women ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Resistance Training Exercise ◽

Group 2

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the acute effect of different intensity aerobic (AE) and resistance training (RT) exercises on BI in adult women. Participants were 62 adult women (19.47 ± 2.53 yr., range 18 a 33 yr.), who were randomly assigned to three sessions of either: 1) Control group, 2) Low-intensity AE, 3) High-intensity AE, 4) Low-intensity RT, or 5) High-intensity RT. Before and immediately following each experimental intervention, BI, body weight, and arm and leg circumferences were measured. Three familiarization sessions were performed every 7 days before the AE and RT experimental interventions. Also, 5-RM tests were performed one week before the RT experimental interventions. Data were analyzed using mixed 3-way ANOVA, mixed 4-way ANOVA, and post-hoc analysis. An acute effect of RT on BI was observed, regardless of the exercise intensity, women felt more muscular immediately following the RT session. Regardless of the exercise intensity, 30-min of acute RT exercise changed BI perception, contrary to 30 min AE.

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Resistance Exercise Modulates Kynurenine Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer Patients

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-1186-1009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (01) ◽

pp. 33-40

Author(s):

Anasua Pal ◽

Philipp Zimmer ◽

Dorothea Clauss ◽

Martina E. Schmidt ◽

Cornelia M. Ulrich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Kynurenine Pathway ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Control Group ◽

Home Based ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Supervised and Home-based resistance exercise on the Kynurenine pathway in patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent surgery and chemotherapy. In the SUPPORT study, adult pancreatic cancer patients were randomized to intervention programs of 6-month (1) a Supervised moderate-to-high-intensity progressive resistance training or (2) unsupervised Home-based resistance training, or (3) to a standard care patient Control group. Serum levels of kynurenine, tryptophan and IL-6 were assessed for 32 participants before, after 3 months and after 6 months of exercise intervention. Group differences were investigated using analysis-of-covariance. Patients in the Supervised training group showed decreased levels of serum kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (p = 0.07; p = 0.01 respectively) as well as increased Tryptophan levels (p = 0.05) in comparison to Home-based and Control group over time. The Home-based exercise group had significant increased kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio levels. IL-6 levels decreased over the first three months for both intervention groups as well as the Control group (Supervised: p < 0.01, Home-based: p < 0.010, Control group: p < 0.01). Supervised resistance exercise might positively regulate the Kynurenine pathway and downregulate the kynurenine/tryptophan (indicative of IDO/TDO enzyme) levels, hence modulating the immune system.

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