scholarly journals From ‘screen time’ to the digital level of analysis: protocol for a scoping review of digital media use in children and adolescents

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e032184
Author(s):  
Dillon Thomas Browne ◽  
Shealyn May ◽  
Pamela Hurst-Della Pietra ◽  
Dimitri Christakis ◽  
Tracy Asamoah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Core Concepts

IntroductionResearch on the relationship between digital media exposure and child development is complex, inconsistent and fraught with debate. A highlighted area of inadequacy surrounds the methodological limitations of measuring digital media use for both researchers and clinicians, alike. This protocol aims to (1) identify core concepts in the area of screen time and digital media use in children and adolescents (2) map existing research paradigms and screening/measurement tools that serve to underpin and operationalise core concepts and (3) provide an initial step in integrating these findings into a consolidated screening toolkit. It is expected this enterprise will help advance research and clinical evaluation in fields concerned with digital media use, namely medicine, child development and the social sciences.Methods and analysisThe planned scoping review will search relevant electronic databases, including Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus, in addition to grey literature. All empirical investigations and presentation of original research will be considered, and measurement/screening tools for digital media usage in children and adolescents will be identified and reported on. Two reviewers will pilot test the screening criteria, and data extraction forms prior to independently screening all relevant literature and extracting the data. A three-stage synthesis process will be used to map the existent measurement and screening tools for digital media usage in children and adolescents.Ethics and disseminationThere are no ethical considerations for this scoping review. Plans for dissemination include publication in a top-tier, open-access journal, public presentations and conference proceedings. Presentation of the full scoping review has been accepted to the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 66th Annual Meeting.

scholarly journals From screen time to the digital level of analysis: a scoping review of measures for digital media use in children and adolescents

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e046367
Author(s):  
Dillon Thomas Browne ◽  
Shealyn S May ◽  
Laura Colucci ◽  
Pamela Hurst-Della Pietra ◽  
Dimitri Christakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Measurement Tools

ObjectivesThis scoping review aims to facilitate psychometric developments in the field of digital media usage and well-being in young people by (1) identifying core concepts in the area of “screen time” and digital media use in children, adolescents, and young adults, (2) synthesising existing research paradigms and measurement tools that quantify these dimensions, and (3) highlighting important areas of need to guide future measure development.DesignA scoping review of 140 sources (126 database, 14 grey literature) published between 2014 and 2019 yielded 162 measurement tools across a range of domains, users, and cultures. Database sources from Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus were extracted, in addition to grey literature obtained from knowledge experts and organisations relevant to digital media use in children. To be included, the source had to: (1) be an empirical investigation or present original research, (2) investigate a sample/target population that included children or young persons between the ages of 0 and 25 years of age, and (3) include at least one assessment method for measuring digital media use. Reviews, editorials, letters, comments and animal model studies were all excluded.MeasuresBasic information, level of risk of bias, study setting, paradigm, data type, digital media type, device, usage characteristics, applications or websites, sample characteristics, recruitment methods, measurement tool information, reliability and validity.ResultsSignificant variability in nomenclature surrounding problematic use and criteria for identifying clinical impairment was discovered. Moreover, there was a paucity of measures in key domains, including tools for young children, whole families, disadvantaged groups, and for certain patterns and types of usage.ConclusionThis knowledge synthesis exercise highlights the need for the widespread development and implementation of comprehensive, multi-method, multilevel, and multi-informant measurement suites.

Sex Education Strategy for Adolescents: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yustika Rahmawati Pratami ◽  
◽  
Nurul Kurniati ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Inclusion Criteria

Background: Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) plays an important role in preparing safe and productive lives of adolescents through understanding about HIV/ AIDS, sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancy, gender-based violence, and gender disparity. This scoping review aimed to investigate the appropriate method of sex education and information for adolescents. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selec­tion; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The research question was identified using population, exposure, and outcome(s) (PEOS) framework. The search included PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, ProQuest, and EBSCO databases. The inclusion criteria were English-language and full-text articles published between 2009 and 2019. A total of 460 articles was obtained from the searched database. After the review process, twenty articles were eligible for this review. The data were reported by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: Eleven articles from developing countries (Nigeria, Thailand, Iran, California, Vietnam, Spain, South Africa, Indonesia) and nine articles from developed countries (USA, England, Australia) met the inclusion criteria with quantitative (cross-sectional, quasi-experiments, cohort, RCT) and qualitative design studies. The findings discussed available sources of sex education for adolescents including peers, school, media, and other adults. Digital media (internet and TV) contributed as preferable sources for adolescents. The parents and teacher’s involvement in providing sex education remained inadequate. Inappropriate sources of sex education like invalid information from the internet and other adults caused negative consequences on the sexual and reproductive health of children and adolescents. Conclusion: Parents-school partnership strategies play an important role in delivering appropriate information about sex education for children and adolescents. Keywords: digital media, sex education, parents, schools, adolescents Correspondence: Yustika Rahmawati Pratami. Jl. Siliwangi No. 63, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6282198915596. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.27

scholarly journals Digital Media Exposure and Predictors for Screen Time in 12-Month-Old Children: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data From a German Birth Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira Durham ◽  
David Wethmar ◽  
Susanne Brandstetter ◽  
Birgit Seelbach-Göbel ◽  
Christian Apfelbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Early exposure to digital media may affect the physical and cognitive development in young children. The American Academy of Pediatrics and national guidelines recommend no digital media use at all under the age of 18 months. The aim of our study was to determine the actual exposure to digital media in 12-month-old infants and to reveal potential risk factors for screen time.Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional survey, data was collected from the KUNO Kids birth cohort study using parent-report questionnaires regarding the media exposure of the study child. We determined age at first contact with different digital media, mean screen time on an average weekday, and the influence of major demographic and socioeconomic factors.Results: Data for screen time analysis was available for 630 children. In summary, 45% of children had already been exposed to digital media by their first birthday. The most frequent first digital media exposure was the TV (33.0%) followed by smartphones (16.9%), both most commonly exposed to around the age of 8 months. On a regular weekday, 20% of the children spent 0.5–1 h in front of a TV and 9% were exposed to a smartphone for the same time frame, compared to 31% of joint parent-child media use. Predictors for screen time were having one sibling, less living space per person, and excessive TV use in the household, the latter of which doubled the chance of the child being exposed to digital media.Conclusion: A proportion of 10% of 1-year-old children were already regularly exposed to digital media. The TV remains the most predominant device but new media, particularly smartphones, might be catching up. Our study provides further support that family TV time is a major predictor of infant screen time. Pediatric recommendations should be re-evaluated in the light of the actual exposure to digital media already in infancy and parents should be proactively counseled regarding possible effects on child development.

scholarly journals Psychological impacts of “screen time” and “green time” for children and adolescents: A systematic scoping review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0237725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tassia K. Oswald ◽  
Alice R. Rumbold ◽  
Sophie G. E. Kedzior ◽  
Vivienne M. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Psychological Impacts

scholarly journals Children’s Eating Habits, Physical Activity, Sleep, and Media Usage before and during COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2447
Author(s):  
Edyta Łuszczki ◽  
Anna Bartosiewicz ◽  
Iwona Pezdan-Śliż ◽  
Maciej Kuchciak ◽  
Paweł Jagielski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Reported Data

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused huge changes in people’s lifestyle, health, and social relationships. This situation has had an impact on children and adolescents, affecting their health, intellectual, physical, and emotional development. The survey aimed to compare eating behaviors, level of physical activity (PA), hours of sleep, and screen time among Polish children and adolescents aged 6–15 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We obtained self-reported data from 1016 participants at two measurement points before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Poland to examine the influence of the lockdown and the distance learning on PA, dietary habits, sleep, and media usage of children and adolescents aged 6–15 years. The study identified dietary differences and changes in daily activity patterns (reduced sleep duration with higher sleep quality and reduced physical activity). Additionally, the increase in general media usage was observed during the pandemic alongside a reduction in smartphone usage. Together, the findings indicate increased sleep, physical activity, and reduced media usage and screen time among Polish children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Correlates of Screen Time in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bita Shalani ◽  
Parviz Azadfallah ◽  
Hojjatollah Farahani
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Screen Media ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Viewing Screen ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: The use of screen media by children and adolescents is increasing and has destructive effects on various development aspects. This study was done to determine the correlates of Screen Time (ST) in children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: Published articles from January 2000 to September 2020 were searched through PubMed, PsycNet, Science Direct, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Magiran, SID, and IranDoc databases were searched for Persian studies with no time limitation. The used keywords were correlates OR predictors + screen time, screen use, screen viewing, screen media, mobile use, cellphone use, TV/ television viewing, TV/ television use, TV/ television, computer use, video game, Media exposure, Media use, electronic media, digital media, digital devices, tablet use + adolescent, youth, infants, toddlers, preschoolers, and children. The literature search identified 51 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results: After reviewing the studies according to the PRISMA checklist, the correlates were Grouped in five categories: (i) child biological and demographic correlates, (ii) behavioral correlates, (iii) family biological and demographic correlates, (iv) family structure related correlates, and (v) socio-cultural and environmental correlates. The most common correlates found were age, sex, and Body Mass Index (BMI) of children, age and education of parents, socio-economic status, physical activity, quality of the neighborhood, parents’ ST, rules, and Digital Devices (DD) in the child/ adolescent’s bedroom. Conclusion: The ST in children and adolescents is associated with several factors at intrapersonal, interpersonal, and social/ cultural levels. It is suggested that health promotion programs to reduce the use of these devices should be implemented with a comprehensive view of the individual, family, and society.

CHRISTIAN SCHOOLING AND DIGITAL MEDIA – RESEARCH RESULTS OF CORRELATION STUDY OF CHILDREN OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE STUDYING RELIGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
Magdalena Legkostup ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Christian Education ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
School Age ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Media Research ◽  
Primary School Age

This scientific paper sets out to present the results of correlation study of effect and frequency of digital media use on Christian education of children of primary school age studying religion. It provide information on the effects of both the frequency and form of digital media usage among these pupils, providing data on their correlation with the level of Christian upbringing.

scholarly journals Media use trajectories and risk of metabolic syndrome in European children and adolescents: the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elida Sina ◽  
Christoph Buck ◽  
Toomas Veidebaum ◽  
Alfonso Siani ◽  
Lucia Reisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Z Scores

Abstract Background Media use may influence metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children. Yet, longitudinal studies are scarce. This study aims to evaluate the longitudinal association of childhood digital media (DM) use trajectories with MetS and its components. Methods Children from Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Spain and Sweden participating in the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort were examined at baseline (W1: 2007/2008) and then followed-up at two examination waves (W2: 2009/2010 and W3: 2013/2014). DM use (hours/day) was calculated as sum of television viewing, computer/game console and internet use. MetS z-score was calculated as sum of age- and sex-specific z-scores of four components: waist circumference, blood pressure, dyslipidemia (mean of triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol−1) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Unfavorable monitoring levels of MetS and its components were identified (cut-off: ≥ 90th percentile of each score). Children aged 2–16 years with ≥ 2 observations (W1/W2; W1/W3; W2/W3; W1/W2/W3) were eligible for the analysis. A two-step procedure was conducted: first, individual age-dependent DM trajectories were calculated using linear mixed regressions based on random intercept (hours/day) and linear slopes (hours/day/year) and used as exposure measures in association with MetS at a second step. Trajectories were further dichotomized if children increased their DM duration over time above or below the mean. Results 10,359 children and adolescents (20,075 total observations, 50.3% females, mean age = 7.9, SD = 2.7) were included. DM exposure increased as children grew older (from 2.2 h/day at 2 years to 4.2 h/day at 16 years). Estonian children showed the steepest DM increase; Spanish children the lowest. The prevalence of MetS at last follow-up was 5.5%. Increasing media use trajectories were positively associated with z-scores of MetS (slope: β = 0.54, 95%CI = 0.20–0.88; intercept: β = 0.07, 95%CI = 0.02–0.13), and its components after adjustment for puberty, diet and other confounders. Children with increasing DM trajectories above mean had a 30% higher risk of developing MetS (slope: OR = 1.30, 95%CI = 1.04–1.62). Boys developed steeper DM use trajectories and higher risk for MetS compared to girls. Conclusions Digital media use appears to be a risk factor for the development of MetS in children and adolescents. These results are of utmost importance for pediatricians and the development of health policies to prevent cardio-metabolic disorders later in life. Trial registration ISRCTN, ISRCTN62310987. Registered 23 February 2018- retrospectively registered.

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