scholarly journals Factors associated with thrombocytopenia in patients with dengue fever: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e035120
Author(s):  
Bruna M Castilho ◽  
Marcus T Silva ◽  
André R R Freitas ◽  
Izabela Fulone ◽  
Luciane Cruz Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Haematological Changes ◽  
Male Sex

ObjectiveSome patients with dengue fever tend to develop thrombocytopenia during the course of infection and are thus vulnerable to haemorrhagic manifestations and other complications. However, the factors associated with the development of thrombocytopenia are unknown. We aimed to identify factors associated with an increased risk of thrombocytopenia and haematological changes in patients with confirmed dengue fever.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingBrazilian multicentre primary care databases.Participants387 patients had positive laboratory serological confirmation of dengue infection during 2014. The data were identified from two databases: Notification of Injury Information System (SINAN) and Municipal Laboratory.Main outcome measureThe presence of thrombocytopenia (platelet count <1 50×109/L). The associations of factors that predisposed patients to thrombocytopenia and haematological changes were analysed using logistic regression. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated.ResultsAmong 387 patients, 156 had both dengue and thrombocytopenia. The risk factors associated with thrombocytopenia included male sex (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.16 to 2.71, p=0.007), age of 46–64 years (OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.15 to 4.21, p=0.009) or ≥65 years (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.40 to 6.50, p=0.002), presence of leucopenia (OR: 6.85, 95% CI: 4.27 to 10.99, p<0.001) and high mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) levels (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.29 to 3.12, p=0.005).ConclusionOlder age, male sex, presence of leucopenia and high MCH levels were identified as risk factors associated with the development of thrombocytopenia in this population.

scholarly journals Proton pump inhibitors versus histamine-2 receptor blockers for stress ulcer prophylaxis in patients with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 030006052110251
Author(s):  
Minqiang Huang ◽  
Ming Han ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Lei Kuang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Stress Ulcer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ulcer Prophylaxis

Objective We aimed to compare the efficacy and risks of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) versus histamine-2 receptor blocker (H2B) use for stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) in critically ill patients with sepsis and risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III Clinical Database to identify critically ill adult patients with sepsis who had at least one risk factor for GIB and received either an H2B or PPI for ≥48 hours. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to balance baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results After 1:1 PSM, 1056 patients were included in the H2B and PPI groups. The PPI group had higher in-hospital mortality (23.8% vs. 17.5%), GIB (8.9% vs. 1.6%), and pneumonia (49.6% vs. 41.6%) rates than the H2B group. After adjusting for risk factors of GIB and pneumonia, PPI use was associated with a 1.28-times increased risk of in-hospital mortality, 5.89-times increased risk of GIB, and 1.32-times increased risk of pneumonia. Conclusions Among critically ill adult patients with sepsis at risk for GIB, SUP with PPIs was associated with higher in-hospital mortality and higher risk of GIB and pneumonia than H2Bs.

scholarly journals Characteristics, outcomes and risk factors for mortality of 522 167 patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Brazil: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e049089
Author(s):  
Marcia C Castro ◽  
Susie Gurzenda ◽  
Eduardo Marques Macário ◽  
Giovanny Vinícius A França
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Hospitalised Patients

ObjectiveTo provide a comprehensive description of demographic, clinical and radiographic characteristics; treatment and case outcomes; and risk factors associated with in-hospital death of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Brazil.DesignRetrospective cohort study of hospitalised patients diagnosed with COVID-19.SettingData from all hospitals across Brazil.Participants522 167 hospitalised patients in Brazil by 14 December 2020 with severe acute respiratory illness, and a confirmed diagnosis for COVID-19.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence of symptoms and comorbidities was compared by clinical outcomes and intensive care unit (ICU) admission status. Survival was assessed using Kaplan Meier survival estimates. Risk factors associated with in-hospital death were evaluated with multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsOf the 522 167 patients included in this study, 56.7% were discharged, 0.002% died of other causes, 30.7% died of causes associated with COVID-19 and 10.2% remained hospitalised. The median age of patients was 61 years (IQR, 47–73), and of non-survivors 71 years (IQR, 60–80); 292 570 patients (56.0%) were men. At least one comorbidity was present in 64.5% of patients and in 76.8% of non-survivors. From illness onset, the median times to hospital and ICU admission were 6 days (IQR, 3–9) and 7 days (IQR, 3–10), respectively; 15 days (IQR, 9–24) to death and 15 days (IQR, 11–20) to hospital discharge. Risk factors for in-hospital death included old age, Black/Brown ethnoracial self-classification, ICU admission, being male, living in the North and Northeast regions and various comorbidities. Age had the highest HRs of 5.51 (95% CI: 4.91 to 6.18) for patients≥80, compared with those ≤20.ConclusionsCharacteristics of patients and risk factors for in-hospital mortality highlight inequities of COVID-19 outcomes in Brazil. As the pandemic continues to unfold, targeted policies that address those inequities are needed to mitigate the unequal burden of COVID-19.

Risk factors associated with pseudoaldosteronism in patients with chronic hepatitis: A retrospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Komatsu ◽  
Tetsuhiro Yoshino ◽  
Takeshi Suzuki ◽  
Tomonori Nakamura ◽  
Takanori Kanai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Epidemiology of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacter bacteremia in a brazilian hospital

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Francisco Tuon ◽  
Leila Carolina Bianchet ◽  
Sergio Ricardo Penteado-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

INTRODUCTION: Enterobacter can be included in the group of extended spectrum β-lactamases (EBSL)-producing bacteria, though few studies exist evaluating risk factors associated with this microorganism. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine risk factors associated with ESBL-producing-Enterobacter and mortality METHODS: A retrospective cohort study with 58 bacteremia caused by ESBL-producing-Enterobacter (28 cases) and non-ESBL (30 cases) RESULTS: Risk factors associated with ESBL-Enterobacter were trauma, length of hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit, urinary catheter and elective surgery (p< 0.05). The survival curves were similar for ESBL and non-ESBL CONCLUSIONS: ESBL-producing-Enterobacter bacteremia is prevalent and the survival curve was similar to non-ESBL-producing strains.

scholarly journals Parvovirus Enteritis and Other Risk Factors Associated With Persistent Gastrointestinal Signs in Dogs Later in Life: a Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanae Takada ◽  
Anne M. Flemming ◽  
Maarten J. Voordouw ◽  
Anthony P. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Parvoviral enteritis is a viral gastrointestinal (GI) infection of dogs. Recovery from PE has been associated with persistent GI signs. The objectives of this study were: (i) To determine whether dogs that have recovered from PE (post-parvo dogs) had an increased risk of persistent GI signs compared to uninfected controls. (ii) To investigate the lifestyle and clinicopathologic factors that are associated with persistent GI signs in post-parvo dogs. Methods: Eighty-six post-parvo dogs and 52 age-matched control dogs were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. The owners were interviewed about the health and habits of their dogs using a questionnaire. We used logistic regression to test whether parvovirus enteritis and other risk factors are associated with general health problems in all dogs and with persistent GI signs in post-parvo dogs.Results: The prevalence of persistent GI signs was significantly higher in post-parvo dogs compared to control dogs (57% vs 25%, P < 0.001). Markers of disease severity such as neutropenia, low body temperature, and treatment with an antiemetic medication (metoclopramide) were significant risk factors for persistent GI signs in post-parvo dogs. Persistent GI signs in post-parvo dogs was a risk factor for health problems in other organ systems.Conclusions: Parvovirus enteritis is a significant risk factor for persistent GI signs in dogs highlighting the importance of prevention. The risk factors identified in the present study may guide future investigations on the mechanisms that link parvovirus enteritis to chronic health problems in dogs.

scholarly journals Association of Rosacea With Cardiovascular Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daein Choi ◽  
Sungjun Choi ◽  
Seulggie Choi ◽  
Sang Min Park ◽  
Hyun‐Sun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk

Background There is emerging evidence that rosacea, a chronic cutaneous inflammatory disease, is associated with various systemic diseases. However, its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial. We aimed to investigate whether patients with rosacea are at increased risk of developing CVD. Methods and Results This retrospective cohort study from the Korean National Health Insurance Service‐Health Screening Cohort included patients with newly diagnosed rosacea (n=2681) and age‐, sex‐, and index year–matched reference populations without rosacea (n=26 810) between 2003 and 2014. The primary outcome was subsequent CVD including coronary heart disease and stroke. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate adjusted hazard ratios for subsequent CVD adjusted for major risk factors of CVD. Compared with the reference population (13 410 women; mean [SD] age, 57.7 [9.2] years), patients with rosacea (1341 women; mean [SD] age, 57.7 [9.2] years) displayed an increased risk for CVD (adjusted hazard ratios, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.03–1.40) and coronary heart disease (adjusted hazard ratios, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05–1.60). The risk for stroke was not significantly elevated (adjusted hazard ratios, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.91–1.37). Conclusions This study suggests that patients with rosacea are more likely to develop subsequent CVD. Proper education for patients with rosacea to manage other modifiable risk factors of CVD along with rosacea is needed.

scholarly journals Correction: Cazzoletti et al. Risk Factors Associated with Nursing Home COVID-19 Outbreaks: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8434

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13175
Author(s):  
Lucia Cazzoletti ◽  
Maria Elisabetta Zanolin ◽  
Ilaria Tocco Tussardi ◽  
Mulubirhan Assefa Alemayohu ◽  
Ernesto Zanetel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Factors Associated

The authors would like to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

scholarly journals Secondary attack rate of COVID-19 among contacts and risk factors, Tamil Nadu, March–May 2020: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e051491
Author(s):  
Kolandaswamy Karumanagoundar ◽  
Mohankumar Raju ◽  
Manickam Ponnaiah ◽  
Prabhdeep Kaur ◽  
Vidhya viswanathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Primary Case ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics of contacts of patients with COVID-19 case in terms of time, place and person, to calculate the secondary attack rate (SAR) and factors associated with COVID-19 infection among contacts.DesignA retrospective cohort studySetting and participantsContacts of cases identified by the health department from 14 March 2020to 30 May 2020, in 9 of 38 administrative districts of Tamil Nadu. Significant proportion of cases attended a religious congregation.Outcome measureAttack rate among the contacts and factors associated with COVID-19 positivity.ResultsWe listed 15 702 contacts of 931 primary cases. Of the contacts, 89% (n: 14 002) were tested for COVID-19. The overall SAR was 4% (599/14 002), with higher among the household contacts (13%) than the community contacts (1%). SAR among the contacts of primary cases with congregation exposure were 5 times higher than the contacts of non-congregation primary cases (10% vs 2%). Being a household contact of a primary case with congregation exposure had a fourfold increased risk of getting COVID-19 (relative risk (RR): 16.4; 95% CI: 13 to 20) than contact of primary case without congregation exposure. Among the symptomatic primary cases, household contacts of congregation primaries had higher RR than household contacts of other cases ((RR: 25.3; 95% CI: 10.2 to 63) vs (RR: 14.6; 95% CI: 5.7 to 37.7)). Among asymptomatic primary case, RR was increased among household contacts (RR: 16.5; 95% CI: 13.2 to 20.7) of congregation primaries compared with others.ConclusionOur study showed an increase in disease transmission among household contacts than community contacts. Also, symptomatic primary cases and primary cases with exposure to the congregation had more secondary cases than others.

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