scholarly journals Implementation of the WHO’s collaborative framework for the management of tuberculosis and diabetes: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e047342
Author(s):  
Rita Suhuyini Salifu ◽  
Mbuzeleni Hlongwa ◽  
Khumbulani Hlongwana
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Joint Management ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Press ◽  
Complete Health ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Narrative Report ◽  
Academic Search

ObjectiveTo map evidence on the implementation of the WHO’s collaborative framework for the management of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) comorbidity, globally.DesignScoping review.MethodsGuided by Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework, this review mapped literature on the global implementation of the framework for the management of TB and DM comorbidity, globally. An extensive literature search for peer-reviewed studies, theses, studies in the press and a list of references from the selected studies was conducted to source-eligible studies. PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, the EBSCOhost platform (academic search complete, health source: nursing/academic edition, CINAHL with full text), Scopus and the WHO library were used to source the literature. We performed title screening of articles using keywords in the databases, after which two independent reviewers (RS and PV) screened abstracts and full articles. Studies from August 2011 to May 2021 were included in this review and the screening was guided by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings were analysed using the thematic content analysis approach and results presented in the form of a narrative report. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension was used as a checklist and for explaining the scoping review process.ResultsThis review found evidence of the WHO TB-DM collaborative framework’s implementation in 35 countries across the globe. TB-DM comorbidity was identified in patients through bidirectional screening of both patients with TB and patients with DM in rural and urban settings.ConclusionDue to the paucity of evidence on mechanisms of collaboration, we recommend further research in other implementing countries to identify techniques used for diagnosis and integration of TB and DM services, in order to ensure that effective and joint management of TB-DM comorbidity in populations is achieved.

scholarly journals Mapping evidence on the implementation of the WHO’s collaborative framework for the management of tuberculosis and diabetes: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e033341
Author(s):  
Rita Quist-Therson ◽  
Desmond Kuupiel ◽  
Khumbulani Hlongwana
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Unpublished Studies ◽  
The Press ◽  
Complete Health ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Narrative Report

IntroductionThe emergence of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) coepidemic threatens the gains made in fighting the prevalence of these two diseases. As a result, in 2011, WHO and the International Union Against Lung Disease launched a framework to address the growing TB-DM coepidemic across the world. The aim of the proposed review study is mapping evidence on the implementation of the WHO collaborative framework for the management of TB-DM using a scoping review.Methodology and analysisThis study will map literature on the global implementation of the WHO collaborative framework for the management of TB-DM, using Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework. An extensive literature search for the peer-reviewed articles, grey literature, unpublished studies, thesis, studies in the press and a list of references from the selected studies will be conducted to find eligible studies. PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, the EBSCOhost platform (Academic search complete, health source: nursing/academic edition, CINAHL with full text) and the WHO library will be used to source literature. The researcher will perform title screening of articles using keywords in the databases, and two independent reviewers will then screen abstracts and full articles. The screening will be guided by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool V.2018 will be used to examine the quality of studies to be included. The findings will be analysed using the thematic content analysis approach and the results presented in the form of a narrative report.Ethics and disseminationThe study did not require ethics approval because it is a scoping review protocol. Findings from this study will be disseminated by print and electronic mediums.

scholarly journals Can Vaccination Trigger Autoimmune Disorders? A Meta-Analysis

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Marek Petráš ◽  
Ivana Králová Lesná ◽  
Jana Dáňová ◽  
Alexander M. Čelko
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Measures Of Association ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
The Stability

Vaccination as an important tool in the fight against infections has been suggested as a possible trigger of autoimmunity over the last decades. To confirm or refute this assumption, a Meta-analysis of Autoimmune Disorders Association With Immunization (MADAWI) was conducted. Included in the meta-analysis were a total of 144 studies published in 1968–2019 that were available in six databases and identified by an extensive literature search conducted on 30 November 2019. The risk of bias classification of the studies was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The strength of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. While our primary analysis was conducted in terms of measures of association employed in studies with a low risk of bias, the robustness of the MADAWI outcome was tested using measures independent of each study risk of bias. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed to determine the stability of the outcome. The pooled association of 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.97–1.02), based on a total of 364 published estimates, confirmed an equivalent occurrence of autoimmune disorders in vaccinated and unvaccinated persons. The same level of association reported by studies independently of the risk of bias was supported by a sufficient number of studies, and no serious limitation, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, and publication bias. A sensitivity analysis did not reveal any discrepancy in the primary result. Current common vaccination is not the cause of any of the examined autoimmune disorders in the medium and long terms.

scholarly journals Platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 030006052096434
Author(s):  
Zhen-Yu Li ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Zhong Cao ◽  
Yun Feng ◽  
Sha-Sha Ren
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with higher aggressiveness and mortality than hormone-positive breast cancer because of the lack of approved therapeutic targets. Patients with TNBC who attain a pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy have improved survival. Platinum-based agents show promising activity in TNBC; however, their use remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the role of platinum-based agents in neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with TNBC. Methods We performed an extensive literature search of the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We calculated pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the identified studies. Results Eight randomized controlled trials with 1345 patients were included in the analysis. The addition of platinum-based agents improved pCR compared with neoadjuvant therapy based on anthracyclines, cyclophosphamide, taxanes, and fluorouracil (49.1% vs. 35.9%; OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.23–2.86). Hematological adverse events were similar in both groups, except for more thrombocytopenia in the platinum-based group (OR: 7.96, 95% CI: 3.18–19.93). Conclusion The addition of platinum-based agents to neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved pCR rates in patients with TNBC, with a slight increase in hematological toxicities. Platinum-based agents might thus be an accessible and economically viable option in patients with TNBC.

scholarly journals Prognostic value of YKL-40 in solid tumors: a meta-analysis of 41 cohort studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingxian Bian ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Junyao Yang ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Guohua Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Prognostic Effect ◽  
Extensive Literature Search

Abstract Background Serum/plasma YKL-40 can be a useful index that is associated with tumor development. However, the prognostic value of serum/plasma YKL-40 in patients with solid tumors is still unclear. We aimed to utilize the existing literature to investigate the prognostic value of serum/plasma YKL-40 in solid tumors. Methods An extensive literature search for relevant studies was conducted with the Embase, Medline and Web of Science databases. The effect on survival was measured with the hazard ratio (HR). Then, pooled HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random and fixed-effects models according to the heterogeneity of the included studies. Results This meta-analysis was based on 41 publications and comprised a total of 7762 patients with solid tumors. The pooled HR showed that elevated serum/plasma YKL-40 was significantly associated with poor OS (HR, 1.44; 95% CI 1.33–1.56). We also found that elevated serum/plasma YKL-40 had significant prognostic effects on OS in various cancer subgroups such as gastrointestinal tumors (HR, 1.37; 95% CI 1.18–1.58), ovarian cancer (HR, 2.27; 95% CI 1.69–3.06), melanoma (HR, 1.77; 95% CI 1.18–2.67), lung cancer (HR, 1.73; 95% CI 1.35–2.23), urologic neoplasms (HR, 1.61; 95% CI 1.08–2.40) and glioblastoma (HR, 1.23; 95% CI 1.07–1.42); in contrast, the prognostic effect of serum/plasma YKL-40 was not statistically significant in breast cancer (HR, 1.07; 95% CI 0.98–1.17). Conclusions The available evidence supports the hypothesis that elevated serum/plasma YKL-40 is associated with poor survival in patients with solid tumors and that serum/plasma YKL-40 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker.

scholarly journals Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Gut Microbiota in Children: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navya Bezawada ◽  
Tze Hui Phang ◽  
Georgina L. Hold ◽  
Richard Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Extensive Literature Search

Introduction: Differences in microbiota composition in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to unaffected siblings and healthy controls have been reported in various studies. This study aims to systematically review the existing literature concerning the role of the gut microbiota in ASD. Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to identify studies (January 1966 through July 2019). Results: A total of 28 papers were included. The studies ranged from 12 to 104 participants who were aged between 2 and 18 years from various geographical areas. Majority of studies included faecal samples; however, 4 studies examined mucosal biopsies from different sites. The heterogeneity in ASD diagnostic methodology, gut site sampled and laboratory methods used made meta-analysis inappropriate. Species reported to be significantly higher in abundance in autistic children included Clostridium, Sutterella, Desulfovibrio and Lactobacillus. The findings are however inconsistent across studies. In addition, ­potential confounding effects of antimicrobial use, gastrointestinal symptoms and diet on the gut microbiota are unclear due to generally poor assessment of these factors. Conclusion: It is clear that the gut microbiota is altered in ASD, although further exploration is needed on whether this is a cause or an effect of the condition.

scholarly journals 531 COVID-19 and Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: Are the Risk Higher? A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Haiduc ◽  
M Ogunjimi ◽  
R Shammus ◽  
S Mahmood ◽  
A Harky
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Abstract Introduction We aimed to determine if patients with CHD are at a higher risk of poor outcomes if they have COVID-19, compared to those without CHD. Method A systematic review was executed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. To identify articles related to COVID-19 and CHD, an extensive literature search was performed on EMBASE, Medline, Scopus and Global Health databases using keywords and MeSH terms. Results 12 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included for analysis in this systematic review. Two themes were identified for data extraction: [1] evidence supporting higher risks in CHD patients and [2] evidence against higher risks in CHD patients. After combining the data, there were 99 patients with CHDs out of which 12 required admission to ICU. Conclusions This systematic review suggests that CHD may increase the risk of poor outcomes for those with COVID-19, but also highlights the necessity for more research with larger sample sizes in order to make a more justified conclusion, as the majority of papers that were analysed were case series and case reports. Future research should aim to quantify the risks if possible while accounting for various confounding factors such as age and treatment history.

Nutrition Knowledge in Athletes: A Systematic Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Heaney ◽  
Helen O’Connor ◽  
Scott Michael ◽  
Janelle Gifford ◽  
Geraldine Naughton
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
The Impact

Context:Nutrition education aims to enhance knowledge and improve dietary intake in athletes. Understanding athletes’ nutrition knowledge and its influence on dietary intake will inform nutrition-education programs in this population.Purpose:To systematically review the level of nutrition knowledge in athletes, benchmark this against nonathlete comparison groups, and determine the impact of nutrition knowledge on dietary intake.Methods:An extensive literature search from the earliest record to March 2010 using the terms nutrition knowledge or diet knowledge and athlete or sport was conducted. Included studies recruited able or physically disabled, male or female, competitive (recreational or elite) athletes over the age of 13 yr. Quantitative assessment of knowledge and, if available, diet intake was required. Because of variability in the assessment of nutrition knowledge and dietary intake, meta-analysis was not conducted.Results:Twenty-nine studies (17 published before 2000) measuring nutrition knowledge (7 including a nonathlete comparison group) met inclusion criteria. Athletes’ knowledge was equal to or better than that of nonathletes but lower than comparison groups including nutrition students. When found statistically significant, knowledge was greater in females than males. A weak (r < .44), positive association between knowledge and dietary intake was reported in 5 of 9 studies assessing this. Common flaws in articles included inadequate statistical reporting, instrument validation, and benchmarking.Conclusion:The nutrition knowledge of athletes and its impact on their dietary intake is equivocal. There is a need for high-quality, contemporary research using validated tools to measure nutrition knowledge and its impact on dietary intake.

Discriminant indices for distinguishing thalassemia and iron deficiency in patients with microcytic anemia: a meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes J.M.L. Hoffmann ◽  
Eloísa Urrechaga ◽  
Urko Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Microcytic Anemia ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Discriminant Index ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Thalassemia Trait

AbstractMore than 40 mathematical indices have been proposed in the hematological literature for discriminating between iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia trait in subjects with microcytic red blood cells (RBCs). None of these discriminant indices is 100% sensitive and specific and also the ranking of the discriminant indices is not consistent. Therefore, we decided to conduct the first meta-analysis of the most frequently used discriminant indices.An extensive literature search yielded 99 articles dealing with 12 indices that were investigated five or more times. For each discriminant index we calculated the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and summary ROC analysis was done for comparing the performance of the indices.The ratio of microcytic to hypochromic RBCs (M/H ratio) showed the best performance, DOR=100.8. This was significantly higher than that of all other indices investigated. The RBC index scored second (DOR=47.0), closely followed by the Sirdah index (DOR=46.7) and the Ehsani index (DOR=44.7). Subsequently, there was a group of four indices with intermediate and three with lower DOR. The lowest performance (DOR=6.8) was found for the RDW (Bessman index). Overall, the indices performed better for adults than for children.The M/H ratio outperformed all other discriminant indices for discriminating between iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia trait. Although its sensitivity and specificity are not high enough for making a definitive diagnosis, it is certainly of value for identifying those subjects with microcytic RBC in whom diagnostic tests for confirming thalassemia are indicated.

The Manic Idea Creator? A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Bipolar Disorder and Divergent Thinking Ability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Kaczykowski ◽  
Boris Forthmann ◽  
Mathias Benedek ◽  
Heinz Holling
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Thinking Ability ◽  
Extensive Literature Search ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Even though a relationship between psychopathology and creativity has been postulated since the time of ancient Greece, systematic meta-analyses on this topic are still scarce. Thus, the meta-analysis described here can be considered the first to date that specifically focuses on the relationship between creative potential, as measured by divergent thinking, and bipolar disorder, as opposed to psychopathology in general. An extensive literature search of 4,670 screened hits identified 13 suitable studies, including a total of 42 effect sizes and 1,857 participants. The random-effects-model showed an overall significant, positive, yet diminutively small effect (d = 0.11, 95% CI: [0.002, 0.209], p = .045) between divergent thinking and bipolar disorder. A handful of moderators were examined, which revealed a significant moderating effect for bipolar status, as either euthymic, subclinical, manic, or depressed. We discuss further results, especially regarding the differences between subclinical and clinical samples.

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