scholarly journals Protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence linking hippocampal neurogenesis to the effects of antidepressants on mood and behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e100077
Author(s):  
Juliana Aparecida Bolzan ◽  
Cilene Lino de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Preliminary Version ◽  
Trim And Fill

ObjectiveStudies in rodents associated the deficits of adult hippocampal neurogenesis with behavioural anomalies which may be reversed by antidepressant treatments. A previous systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) indicated a hierarchy within the proneurogenic effects of different antidepressants in naive rodents. The present review aims to evaluate a more comprehensive sample of studies investigating the links between the effects of different antidepressants and adult hippocampal neurogenesis.Search strategy, screening annotation, data managementProtocols were planned following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. Searches in Embase, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science followed by screening with inclusion/exclusion criteria will provide relevant publications. First SR will summarise the effects of antidepressants on adult hippocampal neurogenesis on different laboratory rodents. Second SR will summarise the correlations between neurogenic and behavioural effects of antidepressants while the third will focus on cause–effect relationships between them. If feasible, data will be analysed by pairwise or network random-effect or multivariate MA to determine the direction, magnitude, significance and heterogeneity (I2) of the estimated effect sizes on global or subgroup levels. Funnel plotting, Egger regression, ‘trim and fill’ will be used to estimate the risk of publication bias. Quality assessment of the included publications will be performed by applying adapted CAMARADES, Syrcles’ risk of bias or CINeMA tools.ReportingFind a preliminary version of this protocol at the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/gmsvd/). Data extraction has already started. Results shall be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Due to the continuous production in the field, the implementation of a ‘living SR’ is intended.

scholarly journals How effective is teamwork really? The relationship between teamwork and performance in healthcare teams: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e028280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan B. Schmutz ◽  
Laurenz L. Meier ◽  
Tanja Manser
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Expert Rating ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between teamwork and clinical performance and potential moderating variables of this relationship.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcePubMed was searched in June 2018 without a limit on the date of publication. Additional literature was selected through a manual backward search of relevant reviews, manual backward and forward search of studies included in the meta-analysis and contacting of selected authors via email.Eligibility criteriaStudies were included if they reported a relationship between a teamwork process (eg, coordination, non-technical skills) and a performance measure (eg, checklist based expert rating, errors) in an acute care setting.Data extraction and synthesisModerator variables (ie, professional composition, team familiarity, average team size, task type, patient realism and type of performance measure) were coded and random-effect models were estimated. Two investigators independently extracted information on study characteristics in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.ResultsThe review identified 2002 articles of which 31 were included in the meta-analysis comprising 1390 teams. The sample-sized weighted mean correlation wasr=0.28 (corresponding to an OR of 2.8), indicating that teamwork is positively related to performance. The test of moderators was not significant, suggesting that the examined factors did not influence the average effect of teamwork on performance.ConclusionTeamwork has a medium-sized effect on performance. The analysis of moderators illustrated that teamwork relates to performance regardless of characteristics of the team or task. Therefore, healthcare organisations should recognise the value of teamwork and emphasise approaches that maintain and improve teamwork for the benefit of their patients.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of gastric cancer in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celestin Danwang ◽  
Jean Joel Bigna
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Background Gastric cancer is actually known as the sixth most frequent cancer and the second cancer-related cause of death worldwide. If studies giving an overview of current epidemiology of gastric cancer in Europe, Asia, and the USA are available, in Africa, studies reporting recent data on gastric cancer are sparse. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim therefore to provide relevant data on contemporary epidemiology of gastric cancer in Africa in terms of prevalence, incidence, and case fatality rate. Methods and design We will include cohort, case-control, cross-sectional studies, and case series with more than 30 participants. EMBASE, PubMed, Africa Index Medicus, Africa Journals Online, and Web of Science will be searched for relevant abstracts of studies published and unpublished between January 1, 2000, and April 30, 2019, without language restriction. The review will be reported according to the MOOSE (Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guideline. After screening of abstracts, study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment, we shall assess the studies individually for clinical and statistical heterogeneity. Random-effect meta-analysis will be used to pool studies judged to be clinically homogenous. The Egger test and visual inspection of funnel plots will be used to assess publication bias. Discussion This review will provide relevant data on the current burden of gastric cancer in Africa. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42019130348.

scholarly journals Prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Malaysia 1980 – 2017: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Yee Chow ◽  
Soo Man Jun ◽  
Siew Mooi Ching ◽  
Chun Han Tan ◽  
Kai Wei Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Control

AbstractBackgroundHypertension is a common public health problem worldwide and is a well-known risk factor for increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, contributing to high morbidity and mortality. However, there is no systematic review and meta-analysis that has been done in a multi-ethnic population like Malaysia. This systematic review aims to determine the trend in prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in Malaysia.MethodsSystematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Malaysian Medical Repository and Malaysia Citation Index published between 1980 and 2017. All original articles in English were included. Studies included were those on adults aged 18 years and above. Studies of prevalence in children and adolescents and pregnancy related hypertension were excluded. Two authors independently reviewed the studies, carried out data extraction and performed quality assessment. Heterogeneity between studies and publication bias was assessed and effect size was pooled by the random effect model.ResultsFifty-six studies with a total of 241,796 subjects were included. The prevalence of hypertension throughout Malaysia varied (I2= 99.3%). The overall pooled prevalence of hypertension over the past 4 decades was 28.2% in adults aged 18 years and older (95% CI: 26.1 – 33.3) and the prevalence in those 30 years and older was 40.0% (95% CI: 35.3-44.8).For subgroup analysis, the prevalence of hypertension in male aged 18 and above was 31.4% (95% CI: 26.5 - 36.2) and 27.8% in female (95% CI: 20.7 – 34.9). The prevalence of hypertension among the ethnic groups aged 18 years and above were 37.3% in Malays (95% CI: 32.9 – 41.7); 36.4% in Chinese (95% CI 31.6 - 41.2) and 34.8% in Indians (95% CI: 31.2-38.4). The prevalence of hypertension was the lowest in the 1980s (16.2%, 95% CI: 13.4-19.0%), increases up to 36.8% in the 1990s (95% CI: 6.1-67.5), then came down to 28.7% (95% CI: 21.7-35.8) in the 2000s and 29.2% (95% CI: 24.0-34.4) in the 2010s. The prevalence of awareness was 38.7% (95% CI: 31.7 – 45.8) whereas the control of hypertension of those on treatment was 33.3% (95% CI: 28.4 – 38.2).ConclusionThree in 10 adults aged 18 years old and above have hypertension, whereas four in 10 adults aged 30 years old and above have hypertension. Four out of 10 are aware of their hypertension status and only one-third of them who were under treatment achieved control of their hypertension. Concerted efforts by policymakers and healthcare professionals to improve the awareness and control of hypertension should be of high priority.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of podoconiosis in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e032850
Author(s):  
Birhan Alemnew ◽  
Alebachew Fasil ◽  
Tesfahun Mulatu ◽  
Nigus Bililign ◽  
Setegn Esthetie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Trim And Fill

IntroductionPodoconiosis is a non-filarial swelling of the lower extremity endemic in tropical regions, North America and India. The aetiology and pathophysiology of the disease remain unknown. We propose conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the burden and risk factors of podoconiosis in Ethiopia reported in studies from 2009 to 2019.Methods and analysisWe will search the following electronic databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Hinari, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ISI (Web of Science) and Google Scholar. Medical subject headings will be used to extensively search relevant literature on electronic databases using related keywords such as epidemiology or prevalence, magnitude or burden, podoconiosis, and Ethiopia. Grey literature and manual search will also be performed to retrieve unindexed research articles. Two reviewers will screen all retrieved articles, conduct data extraction and then critically appraise all identified studies. We will analyse data using STATA V.14 statistical software. We will demonstrate pooled estimates of podoconiosis and associated factors with effect size and 95% CI. The presence of heterogeneity among studies will be examined by forest plot as well as the I2heterogeneity test. Potential causes of heterogeneity will be explored by carrying out sensitivity and subgroup analyses. The presence of publication bias will also be examined by observing funnel plots and objectively by Egger’s regression test. If the funnel plot is asymmetric and/or Egger’s test was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), the trim and fill (Duval and Tweedie’s) analysis will be performed.Ethics and disseminationThe study will use publicly available data and will not identify the authors of the publication by name. In light of these and as has been indicated, research ethics clearance is not required for evidence syntheses in such reviews. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019127459.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and aetiologies of cryptococcal meningitis in Africa, 1950–2017: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e020654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinashe K Nyazika ◽  
Joseph Kamtchum Tatuene ◽  
Alain Kenfak-Foguena ◽  
Paul E Verweij ◽  
Jacques F Meis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionCryptococcal meningitis is a neglected disease and an AIDS-defining illness, responsible for 15% of all AIDS-related deaths globally. In 2014, the estimated number of incident cryptococcal meningitis cases was 223 100, with 73% of them occurring in Africa. Currently available data on the prevalence, incidence, aetiologies and mortality of cryptococcal meningitis across Africa are sparse and of limited quality. We propose to conduct the first systematic review to summarise the epidemiological data available on cryptococcal meningitis and its aetiological causes in Africa.Methods and analysisWe will search PubMed, MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica Database, ISI Web of Science, Africa Index Medicus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health for studies on cryptococcal meningitis published between 1st January 1950 and 31st December 2017, involving adults and/or children residing in Africa. After study selection, full text paper acquisition and data extraction, we will use validated tools and checklists to assess the quality of reporting and risk of bias for each study. Heterogeneity across studies will be assessed using the χ2test on Cochrane’s Q statistic and a random effect meta-analysis will be used to estimate the overall prevalence, incidence density and mortality of cryptococcal meningitis across studies with similar characteristics. This protocol is prepared and presented in accordance with the 2015 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines. Reporting of the results will be compliant with the Meta-Analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines.Ethics and disseminationThere is no requirement for ethical approval since we will be using data from published studies. The final report will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and further presented at conferences. This study is expected to provide useful contextual estimates needed to inform treatment policies on the African continent and assess the impact of diagnostic and prevention strategies on the burden of cryptococcal meningitis in the post antiretroviral therapy era.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017081312.

Profiling Inflammatory Cytokines Following Zinc Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Faghfouri ◽  
Behzad Baradaran ◽  
Alireza Khabbazi ◽  
Yaser Khaje Bishak ◽  
Meysam Zarezadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Trim And Fill ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Chronic inflammation has been considered as the main cause of chronic diseases. Zn has anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing the expression of inflammatory markers. The present systematic review and meta-analysis study aims to evaluate the impact of Zn supplementation on inflammation. Pubmed (Medline), Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched up to December 10th, 2020. Randomized placebo-controlled trials have investigated the effects of Zn supplementation on serum/plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines in >15 years’ subjects were included. A pooled meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect model. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the robustness of the observed effect sizes. Potential causes of heterogeneity were determined using subgroup analyses. The relationship between effect size and co-variables was explored using meta-regression. In the cases of the presence of publication bias, trim and fill analysis was carried out. Cochrane Collaboration’s tool was used for assessing the quality of the included studies. A total of 12 studies was included in meta-analysis. Zn could decrease IL-6 levels (SMD= -0.76 pg/ml; 95% CI: -1.28, -0.24; P= 0.004). There was no significant change in TNF-α (SMD= 0.42 pg/ml; 95% CI: -0.31, 1.16; P= 0.257) and IL-2 levels (SMD= 1.64 pg/ml; 95% CI: -1.31, 4.59; P= 0.277) following Zn supplementation. However, Zn could increase IL-2 significantly after deletion of one arm in sensitivity analysis (SMD= 2.96 pg/ml; 95% CI: 2.03, 3.88; P< 0.05). Conclusively, Zn supplementation can decrease the IL-6 level. Zn increased IL-2 level after sensitivity analysis. Zn supplementation has not ameliorative effects on TNF-α.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Capgras syndrome in Alzheimer’s patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-468
Author(s):  
Gabriela Caparica Muniz Pereira ◽  
Gustavo Carvalho de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Capgras Syndrome

ABSTRACT The association between Capgras syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease has been reported in several studies, but its prevalence varies considerably in the literature, making it difficult to measure and manage this condition. Objective: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of Capgras syndrome in patients with Alzheimer’s disease through a systematic review, and to review etiological and pathophysiological aspects related to the syndrome. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the Medline, ISI, Cochrane, Scielo, Lilacs, and Embase databases. Two independent researchers carried out study selection, data extraction, and qualitative analysis by strictly following the same methodology. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. The meta-analysis was performed using the random effect model. Results: 40 studies were identified, 8 of which were included in the present review. Overall, a total of 1,977 patients with Alzheimer’s disease were analyzed, and the prevalence of Capgras syndrome in this group was 6% (CI: 95% I² 54% 4.0-8.0). Conclusion: The study found a significant prevalence of Capgras syndrome in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. These findings point to the need for more studies on the topic to improve the management of these patients.

scholarly journals Effects of underlying morbidities on the occurrence of deaths in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostaured Khan ◽  
Md Nuruzzaman Khan ◽  
Md. Golam Mustagir ◽  
Juwel Rana ◽  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Trim And Fill

Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the most hectic pandemic of the era, is increasing exponentially and taking thousands of lives worldwide. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of pre-existing morbidities among COVID-19 infected patients and their mortality risks against each type of pre-existing morbidity category. Methods: To conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched using specified relavent keywords. Further searches were conducted using the reference list of the selected studies, renowned pre-print servers (e.g., medRxiv, bioRixv, SSRN), and relevant journal websites. Studies written in the English language included if those were conducted among COVID-19 patients with and without comorbidities and presented survivor vs. non-survivor counts or hazard/odds of deaths or survivors against types of pre-existing morbidities. Comorbidities reported in the selected studies were grouped into eight categories. The pooled likelihoods of deaths in each category were estimated using a fixed or random-effect model, based on the heterogeneity assessment. Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of the funnel plot asymmetry and Eggers regression test. Trim and Fill method was used if there any publication bias was found. Results: A total of 42 studies included in this study comprised of 39,398 samples. The most common pre-existing morbidities in COVID-19 infected patients were hypertension (36.5%), cardiovascular disease (11.9%), and diabetes (22.0%). The higher likelihood of deaths was found among COVID-19 patients who had pre-existing cardiovascular diseases (OR: 3.32, 95% CI: 2.79-3.95), immune and metabolic disorders (OR: 2.39, 95% CI: 2.00-2.85), respiratory diseases (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.80-2.26), cerebrovascular diseases (OR: 4.12, 95% CI: 3.04-5.58), any types of cancers (OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.63-3.03), renal (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 2.60-3.52), and liver diseases (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.21-1.71). Conclusions: This study provides evidence of a higher likelihood of deaths among COVID-19 patients against morbidity categories. These findings could potentially help healthcare providers to sort out the most endangered COVID-19 patients by comorbidities, take precautionary measures during hospitalization, assess susceptibility to death, and prioritize their treatment, which could potentially reduce the number of fatalities in COVID-19.

scholarly journals Tamsulosin for treatment of unilateral distal ureterolithiasis: a systematic review and metaanalysis

CJEM ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 229-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Malo ◽  
Jean-Sébastien Audette-Côté ◽  
Marcel Émond ◽  
Alexis F. Turgeon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
The United States ◽  
Expulsion Rate ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Random Effect Models

ABSTRACT Objectives: The lifetime prevalence of ureterolithiasis is approximately 13% for men and 7% for women in the United States. Tamsulosin, an α-antagonist, has been used as therapy to facilitate the expulsion of lithiasis. Whether it is a good treatment for distal lithiasis remains controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of tamsulosin on the passage of distal ureterolithiasis. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central. Trial eligibility was evaluated by two investigators. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing tamsulosin to standard therapy or placebo for the treatment of a single distal ureterolithiasis ≤ 10 mm in adult patients with renal colic confirmed by radiographic imaging were included. Data extraction was conducted in duplicate. Primary outcome was the expulsion rate, and secondary outcomes were the mean time for ureterolithiasis expulsion, analgesic requirements, and side effects. Mantel-Haenszel random effect models were used, and heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. Data were presented with relative risks (RRs). Results: The search strategy identified 685 articles, of which 22 studies were included. Combined results suggested a benefit for the expulsion of ureterolithiasis (≥ 10 mm) when tamsulosin was used compared to a standard treatment (RR 1.50 [95% CI 1.31–1.71], I2 = 70%). A decrease in the average time of expulsion of the ureterolithiasis of 3.33 days in favour of tamsulosin was observed (95% CI −4.23, −2.44], I2 = 67%). Conclusion: Tamsulosin increases the rate of spontaneous passage of distal ureterolithiasis (≤ 10 mm).

Does Obesity Increase the Risk and Severity of Falls in People Aged 60 Years and Older? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 952-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia G R Neri ◽  
Juliana S Oliveira ◽  
Amabile B Dario ◽  
Ricardo M Lima ◽  
Anne Tiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Falls

Abstract Background Recent investigations suggest that obesity may be associated with an increased risk of falls; however, this theory has yet to be definitively confirmed. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the strength of the association between obesity and falls, multiple falls, fall-related injuries, and fall-related fractures among older adults. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, LILACS, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify observational studies that assessed the association between obesity and fall-related outcomes in participants aged 60 years and older. Two independent reviewers performed data extraction and quality assessment. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using random effect meta-analyses. Results Thirty-one studies including a total of 1,758,694 participants were selected from 7,815 references. Pooled estimates showed that obese older adults have an increased risk of falls compared with nonobese counterparts (24 studies; relative risk: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.07–1.26; I2: 90%). Obesity was also associated with an increased risk of multiple falls (four studies; relative risk: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.08–1.29; I2: 0%). There was no evidence, however, of an association between obesity and fall-related injuries (seven studies; relative risk: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.92–1.18; I2: 65%). Fall-related fractures were reported in only one study, which demonstrated a lower risk of hip fracture with obesity (odds ratio: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.63–0.68). Conclusions Obesity increases the risk of falls and multiple falls in people aged 60 years and older; however, there is insufficient evidence of an association with fall-related injuries or fractures. Prevention and treatment of obesity may play a role in preventing falls in older age.

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