IDDF2021-ABS-0144 Dental injury during endoscopy: an underrecognized teething safety issue

Care transitions are key to patient safety and remain a safety issue despite previous research. This study examines how the design of care transitions impacts different health care professions. Twenty-nine physicians and nurses were interviewed about operating room to intensive care unit care transitions. We compared relationships between work system elements in positive and negative opinions about two sociotechnical system designs: including team or individual handoffs. Nurses did not express positive opinions of individual handoffs or negative opinions of team handoffs, while physicians expressed positive and negative opinions of both. Relationships between work system elements varied by profession in the positive opinions about team handoffs and negative opinions about individual handoffs. Professional needs and culture may be related to the different perceptions of each handoff. Future work should continue to examine professional differences when developing a flexibly standardized process to ensure all users are considered.

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Contributions of Hypoxia-Awareness Training to the Familiarization of Personal Symptoms for Occupational Safety in the Flight Environment

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18062904 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 2904

Author(s):

Kwo-Tsao Chiang ◽

Min-Yu Tu ◽

Chao-Chien Cheng ◽

Hsin-Hui Chen ◽

Wun-Wei Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Occupational Safety ◽

Safety Issue ◽

Hot Flashes ◽

Occurrence Rate ◽

Flight Safety ◽

Awareness Training ◽

The Past ◽

Individual Memory ◽

The Individual ◽

Poor Concentration

Hypoxia remains a flight-safety issue in terms of aviation medicine. Hypoxia-awareness training has been used to help aircrew members recognize personal hypoxia symptoms. There is still no study, as yet, to establish the association of within-subject data between inflight hypoxia events and the altitude chamber. The main purpose of our study was to use paired subjects’ data on inflight hypoxia symptoms compared with those experienced during training. A questionnaire was developed to obtain information on military aircrew members in 2018. Among 341 subjects, 46 (13.49%) suffered from inflight hypoxia. The majority of the subjects detected ongoing inflight hypoxia on the basis of their previous experience with personal hypoxia symptoms or sensations in previous chamber flights. Of the top five hypoxia symptoms, the data revealed that hot flashes, poor concentration, and impaired cognitive function appeared both during the inflight events and during the hypoxia-awareness training. The occurrence rate of hypoxia symptoms was found to not be significantly different between the in-flight events and the past chamber flights through an analysis of within-subject data. Because the individual memory had faded away over time, fresher hypoxia awareness training is still mandatory and valuable to recall personal hypoxia experience for military aircrew members.

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Results of the Behavioral Health Readiness Evaluation and Decision-Making Instrument Study

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usaa401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 186 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 142-152

Author(s):

Justin M Curley ◽

Katie L Nugent ◽

Kristina M Clarke-Walper ◽

Elizabeth A Penix ◽

James B Macdonald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Behavioral Health ◽

User Satisfaction ◽

Safety Issue ◽

Walter Reed Army Institute ◽

End User ◽

Chi Square ◽

Proficiency Level ◽

Wide Range ◽

Decision Making Support

ABSTRACT Introduction Recent reports have demonstrated behavioral health (BH) system and individual provider challenges to BH readiness success. These pose a risk to winning on the battlefield and present a significant safety issue for the Army. One of the most promising areas for achieving better BH readiness results lies in improving readiness decision-making support for BH providers. The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) has taken the lead in addressing this challenge by developing and empirically testing such tools. The results of the Behavioral Health Readiness Evaluation and Decision-Making Instrument (B-REDI) field study are herein described. Methods The B-REDI study received WRAIR Institutional Review Board approval, and BH providers across five U.S. Army Forces Command installations completed surveys from September 2018 to March 2019. The B-REDI tools/training were disseminated to 307 providers through random clinic assignments. Of these, 250 (81%) providers consented to participate and 149 (60%) completed both initial and 3-month follow-up surveys. Survey items included a wide range of satisfaction, utilization, and proficiency-level outcome measures. Analyses included examinations of descriptive statistics, McNemar’s tests pre-/post-B-REDI exposure, Z-tests with subgroup populations, and chi-square tests with demographic comparisons. Results The B-REDI resulted in broad, statistically significant improvements across the measured range of provider proficiency-level outcomes. Net gains in each domain ranged from 16.5% to 22.9% for knowledge/awareness (P = .000), from 11.1% to 15.8% for personal confidence (P = .001-.000), and from 6.2% to 15.1% for decision-making/documentation (P = .035-.002) 3 months following B-REDI initiation, and only one (knowledge) failed to maintain a statistically significant improvement in all of its subcategories. The B-REDI also received high favorability ratings (79%-97% positive) across a wide array of end-user satisfaction measures. Conclusions The B-REDI directly addresses several critical Army BH readiness challenges by providing tangible decision-making support solutions for BH providers. Providers reported high degrees of end-user B-REDI satisfaction and significant improvements in all measured provider proficiency-level domains. By effectively addressing the readiness decision-making challenges Army BH providers encounter, B-REDI provides the Army BH health care system with a successful blueprint to set the conditions necessary for providers to make more accurate and timely readiness determinations. This may ultimately reduce safety and mission failure risks enterprise-wide, and policymakers should consider formalizing and integrating the B-REDI model into current Army BH practice.

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Factors Related to Intentions to Commit Dating Violence among Taiwanese University Students: Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041956 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1956

Author(s):

Chung-Ying Lin ◽

Ying-Hua Tseng ◽

Mei-Ling Lin ◽

Wen-Li Hou

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

University Students ◽

Family Violence ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Dating Violence ◽

Safety Issue ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Subjective Norms ◽

Gender Stereotyping ◽

History Of

Dating violence (DV) constitutes a major public health and safety issue worldwide; however, only limited research into this important subject has been conducted in Taiwan. This study examined university students’ intention to commit DV, based on the expanded theory of planned behavior (TPB), with a history of family violence and gender stereotyping also included as further factors in the original TPB model. A total random sample consisting of 450 university students from four universities in four regions in Taiwan, namely, the northern, southern, central, and eastern regions, participated. Of these participants, 365 (81.1%) completed all of the parts of the questionnaires, which included a survey of demographic data, such as any history of family violence; a gender stereotyping questionnaire; and a DV behavioral intention questionnaire. The results showed that the three main variables of the TPB—that is, subjective norms, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control—significantly related to university students’ intentions to commit DV. More specifically, university students’ attitudes and subjective norms emerged as significant related factors of their intention to commit DV behaviors. Overall, the expanded TPB explained 30.4% of the variance in DV intentions, and attitude was the most significant factors after controlling the background variables. These findings can hopefully be used to help design and implement programs for the prevention of DV behaviors among university students.

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Optimal Cleaning Cycle Scheduling under Uncertain Conditions: A Flexibility Analysis on Heat Exchanger Fouling

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9010093 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Alessandro Di Pretoro ◽

Francesco D’Iglio ◽

Flavio Manenti

Keyword(s):

Safety Issue ◽

Probability Distributions ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Optimal Time ◽

Model Description ◽

Chemical Cleaning ◽

Uncertain Variables ◽

Cycle Scheduling ◽

Cleaning Cycle

Fouling is a substantial economic, energy, and safety issue for all the process industry applications, heat transfer units in particular. Although this phenomenon can be mitigated, it cannot be avoided and proper cleaning cycle scheduling is the best way to deal with it. After thorough literature research about the most reliable fouling model description, cleaning procedures have been optimized by minimizing the Time Average Losses (TAL) under nominal operating conditions according to the well-established procedure. For this purpose, different cleaning actions, namely chemical and mechanical, have been accounted for. However, this procedure is strictly related to nominal operating conditions therefore perturbations, when present, could considerably compromise the process profitability due to unexpected shutdown or extraordinary maintenance operations. After a preliminary sensitivity analysis, the uncertain variables and the corresponding disturbance likelihood were estimated. Hence, cleaning cycles were rescheduled on the basis of a stochastic flexibility index for different probability distributions to show how the uncertainty characterization affects the optimal time and economic losses. A decisional algorithm was finally conceived in order to assess the best number of chemical cleaning cycles included in a cleaning supercycle. In conclusion, this study highlights how optimal scheduling is affected by external perturbations and provides an important tool to the decision-maker in order to make a more conscious design choice based on a robust multi-criteria optimization.

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The Balance between Energy, Environmental Security, and Technical Performance: The Regulatory Challenge of Nanofluids

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11081871 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1871

Author(s):

Maria José Lourenço ◽

João Alexandre ◽

Charlotte Huisman ◽

Xavier Paredes ◽

Carlos Nieto de Castro

Keyword(s):

Base Fluid ◽

Safety Issue ◽

Common Goal ◽

Energy Applications ◽

Technical Performance ◽

Correct Form ◽

Heat Collector ◽

General Data ◽

Near Future ◽

Regulatory Challenge

Nowadays, numerous studies on nanomaterials (NMs) and Nanofluids (NFs) are account a plethora of applications. With the scientific society’s common goal of fulfilling the target of sustainable development proposed by the UN by 2030, it is necessary to combine efforts based on the scientific and technological knowledge already acquired, to apply these new systems with safety. There are thousands of publications that examine the use of NFs, their benefits and drawbacks, properties, behaviors, etc., but very little is known about the safety of some of these systems at a laboratory and industrial scale. What is the correct form of manipulating, storing, or even destroying them? What is their life cycle, and are they likely to be reused? Depending on the nanoparticles, the characteristics of the base fluid (water, propylene glycol, or even an ionic liquid) and the addition or not of additives/surfactants, the safety issue becomes complex. In this study, general data regarding the safety of NF (synthetic and natural) are discussed, for a necessary reflection leading to the elaboration of a methodology looking at the near future, intended to be sustainable at the level of existing resources, health, and environmental protection, paving the way for safer industrial and medical applications. A discussion on the efficient use of nanofluids with melanin (natural NM) and TiO2 in a pilot heat collector for domestic solar energy applications illustrates this methodology, showing that technical advantages can be restricted by their environment and safety/security implications.

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A Review on Electroporation-Based Intracellular Delivery

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23113044 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 3044 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Junfeng Shi ◽

Yifan Ma ◽

Jing Zhu ◽

Yuanxin Chen ◽

Yating Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Vectors ◽

Safety Issue ◽

Intracellular Delivery ◽

Cellular Reprogramming ◽

Gene Therapies ◽

Potential Safety ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Dose Control ◽

Intracellular Probe ◽

New Generation

Intracellular delivery is a critical step in biological discoveries and has been widely utilized in biomedical research. A variety of molecular tools have been developed for cell-based gene therapies, including FDA approved CAR-T immunotherapy, iPSC, cell reprogramming and gene editing. Despite the inspiring results of these applications, intracellular delivery of foreign molecules including nucleic acids and proteins remains challenging. Efficient yet non-invasive delivery of biomolecules in a high-throughput manner has thus long fascinates the scientific community. As one of the most popular non-viral technologies for cell transfection, electroporation has gone through enormous development with the assist of nanotechnology and microfabrication. Emergence of miniatured electroporation system brought up many merits over the weakness of traditional electroporation system, including precise dose control and high cell viability. These new generation of electroporation systems are of considerable importance to expand the biological applications of intracellular delivery, bypassing the potential safety issue of viral vectors. In this review, we will go over the recent progresses in the electroporation-based intracellular delivery and several potential applications of cutting-edge research on the miniatured electroporation, including gene therapy, cellular reprogramming and intracellular probe.

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5C.001 Rural crime as a health and safety issue for swedish animal farmers

10.1136/injuryprev-2021-safety.128 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Lundqvist ◽

Eva Goransson ◽

Catharina Alwall Svennefelt ◽

Vania Ceccato ◽

Hakan Johansson

Keyword(s):

Safety Issue ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Rural Crime

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Computational Modeling of Boundary Layer Flashback in a Swirling Stratified Flame Using a LES-Based Non-Adiabatic Tabulated Chemistry Approach

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e23050567 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 567

Author(s):

Xudong Jiang ◽

Yihao Tang ◽

Zhaohui Liu ◽

Venkat Raman

Keyword(s):

Boundary Layer ◽

Heat Loss ◽

Boundary Layers ◽

Gas Turbines ◽

Predictive Accuracy ◽

Safety Issue ◽

Combustion Model ◽

Tabulated Chemistry ◽

Lean Fuel ◽

Flame Flashback

When operating under lean fuel–air conditions, flame flashback is an operational safety issue in stationary gas turbines. In particular, with the increased use of hydrogen, the propagation of the flame through the boundary layers into the mixing section becomes feasible. Typically, these mixing regions are not designed to hold a high-temperature flame and can lead to catastrophic failure of the gas turbine. Flame flashback along the boundary layers is a competition between chemical reactions in a turbulent flow, where fuel and air are incompletely mixed, and heat loss to the wall that promotes flame quenching. The focus of this work is to develop a comprehensive simulation approach to model boundary layer flashback, accounting for fuel–air stratification and wall heat loss. A large eddy simulation (LES) based framework is used, along with a tabulation-based combustion model. Different approaches to tabulation and the effect of wall heat loss are studied. An experimental flashback configuration is used to understand the predictive accuracy of the models. It is shown that diffusion-flame-based tabulation methods are better suited due to the flashback occurring in relatively low-strain and lean fuel–air mixtures. Further, the flashback is promoted by the formation of features such as flame tongues, which induce negative velocity separated boundary layer flow that promotes upstream flame motion. The wall heat loss alters the strength of these separated flows, which in turn affects the flashback propensity. Comparisons with experimental data for both non-reacting cases that quantify fuel–air mixing and reacting flashback cases are used to demonstrate predictive accuracy.

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Sarcocystis species in bovine carcasses from a Belgian abattoir: a cross-sectional study

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-021-04788-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hang Zeng ◽

Inge Van Damme ◽

Teresia Wanjiru Kabi ◽

Barbara Šoba ◽

Sarah Gabriël

Keyword(s):

Safety Issue ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Occurrence Rate ◽

Sarcocystis Species ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Prevalent Species ◽

Potential Food ◽

Effect Of Age

Abstract Background Sarcocystis species are obligatorily heteroxenous parasites, of which some are zoonotic, representing a public health and economic impact. This study investigated the occurrence of Sarcocystis spp. in cattle sampled from a Belgian slaughterhouse. Methods A total of 200 carcasses were included in the study, sampled during 10 sampling days. The sedimentation method was applied to isolate the sarcocysts from both heart and diaphragm muscles collected from each carcass. Multiplex PCR, PCR–RFLP as well as cox1 gene sequencing techniques were applied serially on collected sarcocysts for species identification. Results Sarcocystis spp. were detected in 64% (128/200; 95% CI 57–71%) of the sampled carcasses. Female dairy cattle presented the highest Sarcocystis occurrence rate (91%) as well as the highest Sarcocystis species diversity compared to female beef and male beef. Sarcocystis spp. were detected more often in the heart muscles than in the diaphragm among female beef (p < 0.001) and dairy carcasses (p = 0.001), while in male carcasses no significant difference was observed (p = 0.763). The effect of age was not significant in male carcasses (p = 0.872), while the odds of finding sarcocysts significantly increased with age (p = 0.003) within both types of female carcasses. S. cruzi was the most prevalent species and was found in 56.5% (113/200) of the carcasses, followed by S. hominis (21.0%, 42/200), S. bovifelis (12.5%, 25/200), S. bovini (2.0%, 4/200), S. hirsuta (1.5%, 3/200) and S. heydorni (0.5%, 1/200). Six different species were detected in the diaphragm, while only two species were recovered from the heart. S. cruzi was the most prevalent species in heart, while in the diaphragm, this was S. hominis. Conclusions The detection of S. hominis in 21% of the sampled carcasses presents a potential food safety issue, and further research is warranted into controlling this infection. Graphic Abstract

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