Oxidative damage and antioxidants in cervical cancer

2020 ◽  
pp. ijgc-2020-001587
Author(s):  
Daciele Paola Preci ◽  
Angélica Almeida ◽  
Anne Liss Weiler ◽  
Maria Luiza Mukai Franciosi ◽  
Andréia Machado Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
The Impact

The pathogenesis of cervical cancer is related to oxidative damage caused by persistent infection by one of the oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV). This damage comes from oxidative stress, which is the imbalance caused by the increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and impaired antioxidant mechanisms, promoting tumor progression through metabolic processes. The incorporation of HPV into the cellular genome leads to the expression of oncoproteins, which are associated with chronic inflammation and increased production of reactive oxygen species, oxidizing proteins, lipids and DNA. The increase in these parameters is related, in general, to the reduction of circulating levels of enzymatic antioxidants—superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase; and non-enzymatic antioxidants—reduced glutathione, coenzyme Q10 and vitamins A, C and E, according to tumor staging. In contrast, some enzymatic antioxidants suffer upregulation in the tumor tissue as a way of adapting to the oxidative environment generated by themselves, such as glutathione-S-transferase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase 2, induced nitric oxide synthase, peroxiredoxins 1, 3 and 6, and thioredoxin reductase 2. The decrease in the expression and activity of certain circulatory antioxidants and increasing the redox status of the tumor cells are thus key to cervical carcinoma prognosis. In addition, vitamin deficit is considered a possible modifiable risk factor by supplementation, since the cellular functions can have a protective effect on the development of cervical cancer. In this review, we will discuss the impact of oxidative damage on cervical cancer progression, as well as the main oxidative markers and therapeutic potentialities of antioxidants.

scholarly journals Effect of Chronic Exposure to Pesticide Methomyl on Antioxidant Defense System in Testis of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Its Recovery Pattern

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3332
Author(s):  
Shunlong Meng ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Chao Song ◽  
Limin Fan ◽  
Liping Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Recovery Pattern

The chronic effect of environmental methomyl on the antioxidant system in testis of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its recovery pattern was investigated. Tilapia were exposed to sublethal concentrations of 0.2, 2, 20 and 200 μgL−1 methomyl for 30 days and thereafter moved to methomyl-free water for 18 days. Antioxidant levels in testis, including glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione were measured every 6 days during the period of exposure, and at 18 days after being transferred to methomyl-free water. The results showed that lower methomyl concentration (0.2 μgL−1) had no effect on the above antioxidants, thus 0.2 μgL−1 could be seen as NOAEL for methomyl to tilapia. However, higher methomyl concentration of 2, 20 and 200 μgL−1 could significantly influence the above antioxidants. Glutathione peroxidase and oxidized glutathione increased significantly. On the contrary, reduced glutathione decreased significantly. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase increased at lower methomyl (2 and 20 μgL−1), but decreased at higher methomyl (200 μgL−1). The recovery test showed that oxidative damage caused by lower methomyl of 2 and 20 μgL−1 was reversible, and oxidative damage caused by higher methomyl of 200 μgL−1 was irreversible within 18 days of recovery period.

Antioxidant Activity of 2-Bromo-3-hydroxy-2-nitroproylcinnamte against Alcohol Induced Oxidative Damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Malik ◽  
Dharmendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Anuradha ◽  
Surendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Β Carotene

The present study demonstrated the antioxidant activity of 2-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-nitroproylcinnamte versus alcohol induced oxidative damage in albino wistar rats. In this study, 30 % alcohol exposed rats were found to be more prone to peroxidative risk as they are calculated by species of thiobarbituric acid. It was observed that after the rats induction with 30% alcohol, concentration of lipid peroxidation has been obtained expressively (p ≤ 0.001) high in a liver and serum, beside with concomitant substantial (p ≤ 0.001) reduced in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants levels like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), vitamin E (tocopherol), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), β-carotene as well as ceruloplasmin in serum along with liver, only 30% alcohol was treated. If rats obtained 2- bromo-3-hydroxy-2-nitroproylcinnamte at the dose level of 20 mg/kg bw/day, PO, for 30 days, the peroxidative damage has been marginal in serum along with liver, alongside efficiently encouraging the potential of antioxidant in the rats treated by alcohol. This study revealed that in liver the raised peroxidative risk is probably allied with alcohol induction pathology that can be decreased by increasing the antioxidant potential by free radical scavenging activity, therefore promising as artificial antioxidants for 2-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-nitroproylcinnamte.

scholarly journals Impact of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants on erythrocytes during blood storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 05-11
Author(s):  
Chhaya Keny ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Stored Blood ◽  
Blood Grouping

Background: Blood transfusion plays important role in the management of certain clinical conditions like acute blood loss, injury and anemia. The red blood cells (RBCs) for transfusion can be stored for 35 to 42 days at 2–6°C. It has been reported that some biochemical changes occur during the course of storage. During storage, progressive morphological and biochemical changes occur which are often related to the reduction of ATP, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, and NADH in RBCs. These changes are referred to as the “storage lesions”. Oxidative damage is the most important factor causing RBC storage lesion. Free radicals can damage RBC products by lipid and protein oxidation affecting cell quality. The present study is aimed to study the impact of lipid peroxidation and potential role of enzymatic antioxidants in stored blood. Material and methods: The present study was observational study carried out in healthy blood donors at KEM hospital, Mumbai. Thirty healthy donors, who were fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were enrolled in the study. Estimation of hemoglobin, levels of lipid peroxidation and some enzymatic antioxidants like glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity was carried out in a properly stored blood samples at 40C. Enzyme levels estimation was carried out at every 7 days interval. Blood grouping of all the samples was also done to check if there is any change in the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels across the groups. Results: Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an indirect marker of lipid peroxidation that can modify proteins. Increased MDA levels in the study indicate that lipid peroxidation in red cells has occurred during the preservation period. Throughout storage period, the levels of glutathione peroxidase and catalase declined. Statistically significant negative correlation existed between lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase. Whereas study established positive correlation between lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD). On day 8, day 15 and day 22, lipid peroxidation was found to be positively correlated with SOD. But on Day 30, there was negative correlation between lipid peroxidation and SOD. Blood grouping of all samples indicate no significant susceptibility to lipid peroxidation when the different blood groups were compared. Methemoglobin levels in stored blood were increased over a period of 30 days. Conclusion: Red cell storage lesions due to oxidative injury during storage are now the reported fact, confirmed by the findings of the present study. This also indicates that antioxidant enzymatic machinery of the system comes into play adequately to circumvent the damage done. To investigate further therapeutic role of antioxidants in preventing oxidative damage to red cells during storage, large sample studies will be required.

scholarly journals Histomorphological and Redox Delineations in the Testis and Epididymis of Albino Rats Fed with Green-Synthesized Cellulose

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Chiagoziem A. Otuechere ◽  
Adewale Adewuyi ◽  
Olusegun L. Adebayo ◽  
Emmanuel Yawson ◽  
Omolara Kabiawu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Testicular Morphology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Higher Doses

It has also become increasingly necessary to diversify the production of cellulose for biomedical applications. In this study, cellulose-green-synthesized from Sesamum indicum (GSC)—was administered orally to rats for 14 days as follows: control, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg GSC. The impact of GSC on the antioxidant status and histomorphology of the testes and epididymis were studied. GSC had no effects on organ weights and organosomatic indices. In the testes, GSC caused nonsignificant changes in superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and nitric oxide levels, whereas it significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde levels. In the epididymis, GSC significantly decreased superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide levels, but caused a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione levels. Furthermore, at ×200 magnification, testicular morphology appeared normal at all doses, however, extravasation of the germinal epithelium of the epididymis was observed at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg GSC. Conversely, at ×400 magnification, spermatogenic arrest (testes) and chromatolytic alterations (epididymis) were observed at the higher doses (200 and 400 mg/kg GSC). This study reports on the effect of green-synthesized cellulose on testicular and epididymal histology and redox status and further extends the frontiers of research on cellulose.

scholarly journals Effect of Cross-Sex Hormonal Replacement on Antioxidant Enzymes in Rat Retroperitoneal Fat Adipocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Pérez-Torres ◽  
Verónica Guarner-Lans ◽  
Alejandra Zúñiga-Muñoz ◽  
Rodrigo Velázquez Espejel ◽  
Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Hormonal Replacement

We report the effect of cross-sex hormonal replacement on antioxidant enzymes from rat retroperitoneal fat adipocytes. Eight rats of each gender were assigned to each of the following groups: control groups were intact female or male (F and M, resp.). Experimental groups were ovariectomized F (OvxF), castrated M (CasM), OvxF plus testosterone (OvxF + T), and CasM plus estradiol (CasM + E2) groups. After sacrifice, retroperitoneal fat was dissected and processed for histology. Adipocytes were isolated and the following enzymatic activities were determined: Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR). Also, glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were measured. In OvxF, retroperitoneal fat increased and adipocytes were enlarged, while in CasM rats a decrease in retroperitoneal fat and small adipocytes are observed. The cross-sex hormonal replacement in F rats was associated with larger adipocytes and a further decreased activity of Cu-Zn SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GR, and GSH, in addition to an increase in LPO. CasM + E2exhibited the opposite effects showing further activation antioxidant enzymes and decreases in LPO. In conclusion, E2deficiency favors an increase in retroperitoneal fat and large adipocytes. Cross-sex hormonal replacement in F rats aggravates the condition by inhibiting antioxidant enzymes.

scholarly journals Precompetitional Weight Reduction Modifies Prooxidative-Antioxidative Status in Judokas

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Knapik ◽  
Karolina Sieroń ◽  
Ewa Wojtyna ◽  
Grzegorz Onik ◽  
Ewa Romuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Protein Sulfhydryl ◽  
Total Oxidative Stress

Objective. The main aim of the study was an assessment of the influence of rapid weight loss on oxidative stress parameters in judokas differing in weight reduction value. Materials and Methods. The study included 30 judokas with an age range of 18-30 years (mean age: 22.4±3.40 years). Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidative markers, lipid peroxidation markers, and total oxidative stress were assessed three times: one week before a competition (the first stage), after gaining the desired weight (the second stage), and one week after the competition (the third stage). Results. Between the first and the second stage, the concentration of lipid hydroperoxides (LPH) decreased significantly. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), ceruloplasmin (CER), malondialdehyde (MDA), LPH, and total oxidative stress (TOS) concentrations were the lowest one week after the competition. Linear regression indicated that the emphases on increased weight reduction increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and protein sulfhydryl (PSH) between the first and the second stage of the study. Moderate weight reduction (2-5%) resulted in elevated levels of SOD, Mn-SOD, LPH, MDA, and TOS in comparison to low and high reductions. An opposite relation was observed in PSH. In judokas, the precompetitional weight reduction range was 0.44-6.10% (mean: 2.93%±1.76%) of the initial body weight. Concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD; p<.01), manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD; p<.001), and ceruloplasmin (CER; p<.05) decreased between the first and the third stage of the study as well between the second and third one. Before competitions, a decrease in lipid hydroperoxide (LPH; p<.01) concentration was observed. A reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA; p<.05), LPH (p<.01), and total oxidative stress (TOS; p<.05) levels between the first and the final stage occurred. The increase in weight reduction was linearly correlated with the rise of glutathione peroxidase (GPx; p<.05), glutathione reductase (GR; p<.05), glutathione S-transferase (GST; p<.05), and protein sulfhydryl (PSH; p<.05) concentrations between the first and the second stage of the study. Moderate weight reduction (2-5%) resulted in elevated levels of SOD (p<.05), Mn-SOD (p<.05), LPH (p<.05), MDA (p<.05), and TOS (p<.05) in comparison to low and high reductions. An opposite relation was observed in PSH (p<.005). Conclusions. The effect of weight reduction in judo athletes on prooxidative-antioxidative system diversity depends on the weight reduction value.

Response of antioxidant enzymes to intermittent and continuous hyperbaric oxygen

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Harabin ◽  
J. C. Braisted ◽  
E. T. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Exposure Duration ◽  
Biochemical Variables ◽  
Time Required

Rats and guinea pigs were exposed to O2 at 2.8 ATA (HBO) delivered either continuously or intermittently (repeated cycles of 10 min of 100% O2 followed by 2.5 min of air). The O2 time required to produce convulsions and death was increased significantly in both species by intermittency. To determine whether changes in brain and lung superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) correlated with the observed tolerance, enzyme activities were measured after short or long HBO exposures. For each exposure duration, one group received continuous and one intermittent HBO; O2 times were matched. HBO had marked effects on these enzymes: lung SOD increased (guinea pigs 47%, rats 88%) and CAT and GSHPx activities decreased (33%) in brain and lung. No differences were seen in lung GSHPx or brain CAT in rats or brain SOD in either species. In guinea pigs, but less so in rats, the observed changes in activity were usually modulated by intermittency. Increases in hematocrit, organ protein, and lung DNA, which may also reflect ongoing oxidative damage, were also slowed with intermittency in guinea pigs. Intermittency benefited both species by postponing gross symptoms of toxicity, but its modulation of changes in enzyme activities and other biochemical variables was more pronounced in guinea pigs than in rats, suggesting that there are additional mechanisms for tolerance.

PIK3CA Mutations and Their Impact on Survival Outcomes of Patients with Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-555
Author(s):  
Vasilios Pergialiotis ◽  
Christina Nikolaou ◽  
Dimitrios Haidopoulos ◽  
Maximos Frountzas ◽  
Nikolaos Thomakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pik3ca Mutations ◽  
The Impact

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Several studies have implicated the PIK3/AKT pathway in the pathophysiology of cancer progression as its activation seems to be aberrant in several forms of cancer. The purpose of the present systematic review is to evaluate the impact of PIK3CA mutations on survival outcomes of patients with cervical cancer. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We used the Medline (1966–2020), Scopus (2004–2020), ClinicalTrials.gov (2008–2020), EMBASE (1980–2020), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (1999–2020), and Google Scholar (2004–2020) databases in our primary search along with the reference lists of electronically retrieved full-text papers. Statistical meta-analysis was performed with the RevMan 5.3 software. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, 12 articles were included in the present study that comprised 2,196 women with cervical cancer. Of those, 3 studies did not report significant differences in survival outcomes among patients with mutated versus wild-type PIK3CA tumors, 5 studies reported decreased survival outcomes, and 3 studies revealed increased survival rates. The meta-analysis revealed that patients with the mutated PIK3CA genotypes had worse overall survival compared to patients with wild-type PIK3CA (HR 2.31; 95% CI: 1.51, 3.55; 95% PI: 0.54, 9.96; data from 3 studies) and the same was observed in the case of DFS rates (HR 1.82; 95% CI: 1.47, 2.25; 95% PI: 1.29, 2.56; data from 4 studies). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Current evidence concerning the impact of PIK3CA mutations on survival outcomes of patients with cervical cancer is inconclusive, although the majority of included studies support a potential negative effect, primarily among those with squamous cell carcinoma tumors.

184 Effects of cyanidin supplementation on invitro maturation of pig oocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
E. Hicks ◽  
M. Mentler ◽  
B. D. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Enzyme Mechanisms ◽  
Maturation Medium

Oxidative stress can have a negative effect on oocyte maturation during invitro production of pig embryos. Imbalance of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant levels can affect the progression of oocyte maturation up to the point of fertilization. Antioxidants are effective in maintaining more ideal reactive oxygen species levels, which help to protect oocytes from potential harmful effects of oxidative stress. Berries from the elder plant (Sambucus sp.) contain high levels of a broad spectrum of antioxidants. One of these antioxidants, cyanidin, when supplemented to maturation medium at 100μM concentrations, reduces reactive oxygen species formation and improves IVF and early embryonic development in pigs. However, changes in the enzyme mechanisms of action during oocyte maturation due to cyanidin supplementation are unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterise the intracellular oocyte enzyme mechanisms between oocytes supplemented with 100μM cyanidin during 40 to 44h of maturation (n=600) and oocytes without supplementation of cyanidin during maturation (n=558). At the end of maturation, oocytes were evaluated for either glutathione peroxidase (n=300), catalase (n=564), or superoxide dismutase (n=294) activities. Glutathione peroxidase activity was determined by following the rate of NADPH oxidation, catalase activity was determined by following the rate of hydrogen peroxide decomposition, and superoxide dismutase activity was determined by following the reduction rate of cytochrome c, utilising the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. Data were analysed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. There were no significant differences between oocytes matured with 100μM cyanidin and those that were not when comparing glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities. Supplementation of 100μM cyanidin to maturation medium increased (P&lt;0.05) catalase activity in oocytes (0.78±0.15 units/oocyte) compared with no cyanidin supplementation (0.14±0.11 units/oocyte). These results indicate that supplementing 100μM cyanidin to the maturation medium of pig oocytes could reduce the negative effects of oxidative stress by increasing intracellular catalase activity during oocyte maturation.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity of bee products added to water in tebuconazole-exposed fish

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Ferreira ◽  
Taís Cristina Unfer ◽  
Hélio Carlos Rocha ◽  
Luiz Carlos Kreutz ◽  
Gessi Koakoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
South American ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Protein Thiols ◽  
Oxidant Effect

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of honey, propolis, and bee pollen for the reversal of lipid peroxidation induced by tebuconazole (TEB) in South American catfish (Rhamdia quelen), in which the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants, reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid, and non-protein thiols were assessed. Honey (0.125 g L-1) and bee pollen (0.05 g L-1) added to the water reverse the production of TBARS induced by TEB, while propolis demonstrated a pro-oxidant effect, inducing an increase in TBARS production. The data presented herein suggest that the addition of water to honey and bee pollen potentially protects against the oxidative stress caused by agrichemicals.

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