Gain a child, lose a tooth? Using natural experiments to distinguish between fact and fiction

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 552-556
Author(s):  
Frank Gabel ◽  
Hendrik Jürges ◽  
Kai E Kruk ◽  
Stefan Listl
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Natural Teeth ◽  
Instrumental Variables Approach

BackgroundDental diseases are among the most frequent diseases globally and tooth loss imposes a substantial burden on peoples' quality of life. Non-experimental evidence suggests that individuals with more children have more missing teeth than individuals with fewer children, but until now there is no causal evidence for or against this.MethodsUsing a Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) instrumental variables approach and large-scale cross-sectional data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (study sample: 34 843 non-institutionalised individuals aged 50+ from 14 European countries and Israel; data were collected in 2013), we investigated the causal relationship between the number of biological children and their parents’ number of missing natural teeth. Thereby, we exploited random natural variation in family size resulting from (i) the birth of multiples vs singletons, and (ii) the sex composition of the two first-born children (increased likelihood of a third child if the two first-born children have the same sex).Results2SLS regressions detected a strong causal relationship between the number of children and teeth for women but not for men when an additional birth occurred after the first two children had the same sex. Women then had an average of 4.27 (95% CI: 1.08 to 7.46) fewer teeth than women without an additional birth whose first two children had different sexes.ConclusionsThis study provides novel evidence for causal links between the number of children and the number of missing teeth. An additional birth might be detrimental to the mother’s but not the father’s oral health.

scholarly journals Frequency distribution of dental caries disease among the local community of Harichand

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-316
Author(s):  
Haroon Haroon ◽  
Tauseef Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Inamullah Inamullah ◽  
Arif Jan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Male To Female

A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the dental caries disease and associated risk factors among the study subjects in Harichand, Pakistan. A total of 150 patients were investigated, of which male to female percentage was (77%) and (23%) respectively. The maximum tooth decay (33%) was found in the age (years) of 21-30. The results showed that decayed and missing teeth (DMT) were (57%), followed by decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) (27%) and filled teeth (FT) (16%). Most of the patients were suffering from score 6, (30%). The DMT and score 6 was recorded high among the study subjects in Harichand. This study will update the epidemiology of dental caries diseases, increase awareness, and provide the base line information for future research and intervention. Further studies are recommended on large scale.

scholarly journals Attitude Towards Replacement of Missing Teeth Among the Patients Visiting Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Ankita Rathi ◽  
S Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Prosthetic Status ◽  
Natural Teeth ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Teeth play a significant part in the maintenance of a healthy personality and an affirmative self-image. Tooth loss is psychologically a very traumatizing and upsetting experience, and is considered to be a serious event in the life of a person, requiring significant psychological readjustment. Objective: Evaluate the prosthetic status and attitude of the patients towards replacement of the teeth among the patients visiting dental department, Noble Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH) Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted over a duration of 6 months to determine prosthetic status and attitude of the patients towards replacement of the teeth among all patients visiting Department of prosthodontics, NMCTH. The inclusion criteria was all patients with at least one missing tooth (excluding third molars) and subjects who gave consent for the study. All the Patients were provided with six close ended questionnaire followed by clinical examination by a well trained investigator. Result: The total number of participants was 297. Of them 157 were male and 140 were female. Most frequently encountered age group was 21-30 years Of these, 80.8% of individual were provided with proper information about replacement of teeth whereas 19.2 % were not. 70.7% individual said they will replace only when they find difficulty in their daily activities. 64.6 % of individual wanted to replace teeth for appearance, 20.5% for function and 14.8% for both appearance and function. 79.5 %stated financial problem and 18.2% stated lack of awareness regarding not replacement of teeth. Conclusion: The patients’ attitudes and demand towards the replacement of missing teeth might be different from the clinicians’ assessment. We consider factors such as the preservation of natural teeth and the maintenance of periodontal health as priority but patients tends to prioritize comfort in mastication and improvement of esthetics. Therefore, it is vital to investigate patients’ awareness, need and demand on prosthodontic treatment options.

scholarly journals Assessment of attitude towards of replacement of missing teeth among patients visiting to private dental institute of Nagpur city

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apoorva Dhopte ◽  
Anita Kahar ◽  
Jayashree Joshi ◽  
Usha Radke
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Natural Teeth ◽  
Artificial Teeth

Background–In the World where we live today, our appearance mainly influences our interaction with others. Teeth play a major role in maintaining our self-image. Loss of teeth is a serious matter and can also lead to disrupted social activities. Aims and Objectives - To assess the attitude towards replacement of missing teeth among patients visiting VSPM DCRC, Nagpur, according to their age, gender and socio-economic status. Materials and Methods– A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients attending the VSPM DCRC, Nagpur ,over a period of one month. A questionnaire containing 9 items was used. Result- A patient population of 310 was surveyed in this study. Out of this, 111 (36%) were females and 199 (64%) were males. Out of these 310 respondents, 248(80%) thought that missing teeth should be replaced and 254 (82%) said artificial teeth are equal to natural teeth in function and appearance whereas 20 (7%) said they created problems. Conclusion – The overall attitude of patients towards teeth replacement was good. Majority of them showed awareness regarding teeth replacement but some could not do it because of low socioeconomic status.   Key Words – Teeth Replacement, awareness, attitude, patients, missing teeth, socioeconomic status.

Causal relationship between religiosity and value priorities: Cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Stephanie W. Y. Chan ◽  
Wilfred W. F. Lau ◽  
C. Harry Hui ◽  
Esther Y. Y. Lau ◽  
Shu-fai Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Value Priorities

Association between reproductive factors and postmenopausal osteoporosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 248-251
Author(s):  
H. R. Meybodi ◽  
N. Khalili ◽  
P. Khashayar ◽  
R. Heshmat ◽  
A. Hossein-nezhad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Menstrual History ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding

SummaryThe present cross-sectional research was designed to study possible correlations between clinical reproductive factors and bone mineral density (BMD) values.Using the data gathered by the population-based Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS), we investigated the correlation found between reproductive factors and osteoporosis. Subjects were recruited from five major cities of Iran. Bone mineral density was measured using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry and the results were analyzed against the age at menarche and at menopause, number of pregnancies, children and abortions, and the history (and duration) of breastfeeding.Data was available for 2528 women. Gravidity and number of children were reversely correlated with BMD. Younger age at menarche was associated with higher BMD values, whereas there was no significant correlation between age at menopause and menstrual history and BMD.Our study suggests that clinical reproductive factors, particularly number of children and breastfeeding, could be incorporated as predictors of BMD levels in women. Given the controversial results obtained in different studies, longitudinal studies should be carried out to enlighten the importance of these factors and the rationale of their use to predict BMD values in different settings.

Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Survey among Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2393-PUB
Author(s):  
KENICHIRO TAKAHASHI ◽  
MINORI SHINODA ◽  
RIKA SAKAMOTO ◽  
JUN SUZUKI ◽  
TADASHI YAMAKAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetes Survey

Knowledge and awareness about MERS-CoV among the dental students in Chennai

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 847-851
Author(s):  
Nithyanandham Masilamani ◽  
Dhanraj Ganapathy
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) induced by new ß coronavirus MERS-(CoV) had first been described in Saudi Arabia in September 2012. MERS-CoV communication inside the population is often identified with clustered households and cramped communal spaces. The purpose of the study is to assess the knowledge and awareness of MERS-CoV among dental students in India. This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of 100 dental college students in Chennai. The self-designed questionnaires contained ten questions focused on the knowledge and awareness of MERS-CoV amongst dental college students. Questionnaires were circulated through an online website survey planet. After the responses were received from 100 participants, data were collected and analyzed, .87% are aware of MERS-CoV through media 13% from professional channels. 84%are aware of the clinical manifestation of MERS-CoV. 81%Are aware of the mode of transmission of MERS-CoV. 76%are aware of the preventive measures against MERS -CoV.68%. Are aware of the incubation period of MERS-CoV. 74%aware of PCR as a diagnostic test for MERS-CoV. This study concluded that dental students had strong awareness and knowledge of MERS. Also, there are a few differences in information and behaviours that require change. Large-scale health educational programs on MERS also should be facilitated by professional organizations to expand their reach and to strengthen knowledge to have a positive impact on their behaviour.

Gambling-like video game practices: A cross-sectional study of links with problem gambling and disordered gaming

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Zendle
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Video Gaming ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Clinically Significant

A variety of practices have recently emerged which are related to both video games and gambling. Most prominent of these are loot boxes. However, a broad range of other activities have recently emerged which are also related to both gambling and video games: esports betting, real-money video gaming, token wagering, social casino play, and watching videos of both loot box opening and gambling on game streaming services like Twitch.Whilst a nascent body of research has established the robust existence of a relationship between loot box spending and both problem gambling and disordered gaming, little research exists which examines whether similar links may exist for the diverse practices outlined above. Furthermore, no research has thus far attempted to estimate the prevalence of these activities.A large-scale survey of a representative sample of UK adults (n=1081) was therefore conducted in order to investigate these issues. Engagement in all measured forms of gambling-like video game practices were significantly associated with both problem gambling and disordered gaming. An aggregate measure of engagement was associated with both these outcomes to a clinically significant degree (r=0.23 and r=0.43). Engagement in gambling-like video game practices appeared widespread, with a 95% confidence interval estimating that 16.3% – 20.9% of the population engaged in these activities at least once in the last year. Engagement in these practices was highly inter-correlated: Individuals who engaged in one practice were likely to engage in several more.Overall, these results suggest that the potential effects of the blurring of lines between video games and gambling should not primarily be understood to be due to the presence of loot boxes in video games. They suggest the existence of a convergent ecosystem of gambling-like video game practices, whose causal relationships with problem gambling and disordered gaming are currently unclear but must urgently be investigated.

Financial distress determinants among SMEs: empirical evidence from Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darush Yazdanfar ◽  
Peter Öhman
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to empirically investigate determinants of financial distress among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) during the global financial crisis and post-crisis periods.Design/methodology/approachSeveral statistical methods, including multiple binary logistic regression, were used to analyse a longitudinal cross-sectional panel data set of 3,865 Swedish SMEs operating in five industries over the 2008–2015 period.FindingsThe results suggest that financial distress is influenced by macroeconomic conditions (i.e. the global financial crisis) and, in particular, by various firm-specific characteristics (i.e. performance, financial leverage and financial distress in previous year). However, firm size and industry affiliation have no significant relationship with financial distress.Research limitationsDue to data availability, this study is limited to a sample of Swedish SMEs in five industries covering eight years. Further research could examine the generalizability of these findings by investigating other firms operating in other industries and other countries.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine determinants of financial distress among SMEs operating in Sweden using data from a large-scale longitudinal cross-sectional database.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document