Tobacco and tobacco branding in films most popular in the UK from 2009 to 2017

BackgroundExposure to tobacco content in films is a cause of smoking uptake in young people. In an earlier study, we reported that tobacco content occurred in 70% of UK box office films popular between 1989 and 2008. We now report an analysis of tobacco content in a sample of the top grossing UK box office films between 2009 and 2017, and of population exposure resulting from audience exposure to the 2017 films.MethodsOccurrence of tobacco intervals (actual tobacco use, implied use, appearance of smoking paraphernalia or branding) was measured by 5 min interval coding in the 15 most commercially successful films in the UK in each year from 2009 to 2017. A nationally representative survey was used to estimate population exposure to the top 15 films from 2017.ResultsWe coded 3248 intervals from the 135 films. Tobacco content appeared in 245 intervals (8%, 95% CI 7% to 9%) across 56 (41%, 95% CI 33% to 49%) films. Tobacco content occurred in films in all BBFC age ratings, and 36 (64%, 95% CI 51% to 77%) of films containing tobacco imagery were classified as suitable for viewing by people aged under 15 years. Although less prevalent than in our earlier study, there was no evidence of a secular decline in tobacco content during this study period. The top 15 films from 2017 delivered approximately 21.6 (95% CI 21.06–22.14) million tobacco impressions to young people aged 10–18 years in the UK.ConclusionsTobacco content continues to appear in UK Box Office films and is widely seen by young people, representing a major driver of smoking uptake.

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Workplace “Digital Culture” and the Uptake of Digital Solutions

The Oxford Handbook of Digital Technology and Society ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190932596.013.13 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 368-402

Author(s):

Simeon J. Yates ◽

Eleanor Lockley

Keyword(s):

Technology Acceptance ◽

Cultural Change ◽

New Technology ◽

Digital Technologies ◽

Digital Culture ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Personal Experiences ◽

Company Culture ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Uk

This chapter reviews prior work on technology acceptance and then reports on a nationally representative survey of UK employees exploring both employee’s personal experiences of digital technologies at home and work and their evaluations of the effectiveness of the technologies and the “digital culture” in their organization. Presenting the results of 3040 UK workers, it seeks to explore the factors that influence digital roll-outs by focusing on the experiences and perceptions of the UK workforce as a whole, with the expectation that introducing new technology alone isn’t enough. This research explores how “digitally ready” organizations are in the UK in terms of people, processes, and company culture. It concludes that a large proportion of the UK workforce are not seeing the benefits of digital technologies. Importantly, there is a need for organizations to understand that making digital solutions a success is a process of cultural change in their organization.

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Who is teaching the kids to cook? Results from a nationally representative survey of secondary school students in New Zealand

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2016-0064 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jennifer Utter ◽

Simon Denny ◽

Mathijs Lucassen ◽

Ben Dyson

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Young People ◽

Secondary School ◽

Secondary School Students ◽

Representative Survey ◽

School Students ◽

Current Generation ◽

Cooking Skills ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Almost All

Abstract Learning how to cook is an important skill for developing healthy eating behaviors. Moreover, involvement in home cooking may offer young people opportunities for skill building, identity development and social engagement with their families. Recently, there have been concerns that the current generation of young people may not have the opportunities to develop sufficient cooking skills. These concerns have been addressed by the initiation of numerous, localized interventions. Yet, little is known about where the current generation of young people learn cooking skills. The objective of this study was to describe where the current generation of young people report learning to cook, drawing on nationally representative data from New Zealand. Data were collected as part of Youth2012, a nationally representative survey of secondary school students (n=8500) in New Zealand. Almost all students reported learning to cook and from multiple sources. Almost all students reported learning to cook from a family member (mother, father, or other family member), approximately 60% of students reported that they learned to cook from certain media (cookbooks, TV, or the Internet) and half of all students reported learning to cook at school. There were numerous differences in where students learned to cook by socio-demographic characteristics. Findings from the current research highlight the important role that families play in teaching young people to cook and will be useful for those working with young people to develop these skills.

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Whole-grain intake of British young people aged 4–18 years

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20051557 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 94 (5) ◽

pp. 825-831 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

C. W. Thane ◽

A. R. Jones ◽

A. M. Stephen ◽

C. J. Seal ◽

S. A. Jebb

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Good Health ◽

Food Sources ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Head Of Household ◽

Dietary Records ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Uk

Inverse associations between whole-grain food consumption and risk of CVD, some cancers and type 2 diabetes have been reported. However, there are few reports of whole-grain intake, particularly among young people. The objective of the present study was to estimate whole-grain intake in a nationally representative sample of young people aged 4–18 years living in Great Britain. Whole-grain intake was estimated using 7d weighed dietary records from 1583 young people who participated in the cross-sectional National Diet and Nutrition Survey in 1997. Whole-grain intake was quantified from the consumption of all foods containing ≥10% whole-grain content. Median whole-grain intake was 7g/d (interquartile range 0–19g/d), with a corresponding mean of 13 (sd18) g/d. Intake was significantly lower among young people whose head of household had a manual occupation, but did not differ significantly by sex, age, region or season. There was no whole-grain intake for 27% of participants. The percentages for less than one and less than three 16g amounts of whole-grain intake per d were 70 and 94, respectively, while corresponding percentages based on 20g amounts were 76 and 97. Foods with <51% whole-grain content provided 28% of whole-grain intake overall, with a higher percentage in older adolescents. The main sources of whole-grain intake were breakfast cereals (56%) and bread (25%). The present study provides the first quantification of absolute whole-grain intake from all significant food sources in any representative age group in the UK. Although there is some debate regarding the quantity of whole grains required for good health, whole-grain intake among British young people is low.

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A content analysis of tobacco and alcohol audio-visual content in a sample of UK reality TV programmes

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdz043 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 561-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexander B Barker ◽

John Britton ◽

Emily Thomson ◽

Abby Hunter ◽

Magdalena Opazo Breton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Reality Television ◽

Visual Media ◽

Reality Tv ◽

Population Exposure ◽

Alcohol Content ◽

Big Brother ◽

Minute Interval ◽

The Uk ◽

Made In

Abstract Background Exposure to tobacco and alcohol content in audio-visual media is a risk factor for smoking and alcohol use in young people. We report an analysis of tobacco and alcohol content, and estimates of population exposure to this content, in a sample of reality television programmes broadcast in the UK. Methods We used 1-minute interval coding to quantify tobacco and alcohol content in all episodes of five reality TV programmes aired between January and August 2018 (Celebrity Big Brother; Made in Chelsea; The Only Way is Essex; Geordie Shore and Love Island), and estimated population exposure using viewing data and UK population estimates. Results We coded 5219 intervals from 112 episodes. Tobacco content appeared in 110 (2%) intervals in 20 (18%) episodes, and alcohol in 2212 (42%) intervals and in all episodes. The programmes delivered approximately 214 million tobacco gross impressions to the UK population, including 47.37 million to children; and for alcohol, 4.9 billion and 580 million respectively. Conclusion Tobacco, and especially alcohol, content is common in reality TV. The popularity of these programmes with young people, and consequent exposure to tobacco and alcohol imagery, represents a potentially major driver of smoking and alcohol consumption.

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Quantifying alcohol audio-visual content in UK broadcasts of the 2018 Formula 1 Championship: a content analysis and population exposure

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. e037035

Author(s):

Alexander Barker ◽

Magdalena Opazo-Breton ◽

Emily Thomson ◽

John Britton ◽

Bruce Grant-Braham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Young People ◽

Census Data ◽

Population Exposure ◽

Sporting Events ◽

Alcohol Content ◽

Minute Interval ◽

Per Capita ◽

Advertising To Children ◽

The Uk

ObjectivesExposure to alcohol imagery is associated with subsequent alcohol use among young people, and UK broadcasting regulations protect young people from advertising alcohol content in UK television. However, alcohol promotion during sporting events, a significant potential medium of advertising to children, is exempt. We report an analysis and estimate the UK population exposure to, alcohol content, including branding, in UK broadcasts of the 2018 Formula 1 (F1) Championship.SettingUK.ParticipantsNone. Content analysis of broadcast footage of 21 2018 F1 Championship races on Channel 4, using 1-minute interval coding of any alcohol content, actual or implied use, other related content or branding. Census data and viewing figures were used to estimate gross and per capita alcohol impressions.ResultsAlcohol content occurred in all races, in 1613 (56%) 1-minute intervals of race footage and 44 (9%) of intervals across 28% of advertisement breaks. The most prominent content was branding, occurring in 51% of race intervals and 7% of advertisement break intervals, appearing predominantly on billboard advertisements around the track, with the Heineken and Johnnie Walker brands being particularly prominent. The 21 races delivered an estimated 3.9 billion alcohol gross impressions (95% CI 3.6 to 4.3) to the UK population, including 154 million (95% CI 124 to 184) to children, and 3.6 billion alcohol gross impressions of alcohol branding, including 141 million impressions to children. Branding was also shown in race footage from countries where alcohol promotion is prohibited.ConclusionsAlcohol content was highly prevalent in the 2018 F1 Championship broadcasts, delivering millions of alcohol impressions to young viewers. This exposure is likely to represent a significant driver of alcohol consumption among young people.

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Culture of silence: A brief on reproductive health of adolescents and youth in Pakistan

10.31899/pgy19.1006 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Munawar Sultana

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Social Economic ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Community Members ◽

Cultural Aspects ◽

Males And Females ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

And Gender ◽

Culture Of Silence

Previous research on the reproductive health of adolescents and youth in Pakistan has not addressed the diversity of adolescent experiences based on social status, residence, and gender. To understand the transition from adolescence to adulthood more fully, it is important to assess social, economic, and cultural aspects of that transition. This brief presents the experience of married and unmarried young people (males and females) from different social strata and residence regarding their own attitudes and expectations about reproductive health. More young people aged 15–24 live in Pakistan now than at any other time in its history—an estimated 36 million in 2004. Recognizing the dearth of information on this large group of young people, the Population Council undertook a nationally representative survey from October 2001 to March 2002. The analysis presented here comes from Adolescents and Youth in Pakistan 2001–02: A Nationally Representative Survey. The survey sought information from youth aged 15–24, responsible adults in the household, and other community members in 254 communities. A total of 6,585 households were visited and 8,074 young people were interviewed.

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Tobacco and alcohol content in soap operas broadcast on UK television: a content analysis and population exposure

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdaa091 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander B Barker ◽

John Britton ◽

Emily Thomson ◽

Rachael L Murray

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Young People ◽

Population Exposure ◽

Soap Operas ◽

Alcohol Content ◽

Minute Interval ◽

The Uk

ABSTRACT Background Exposure to tobacco and alcohol content in media is a risk factor for smoking and alcohol use in young people. Our previous research suggested that tobacco and alcohol imagery is common in soap operas. We now report an analysis of tobacco and alcohol content in a sample of soap operas broadcast in the UK. Methods We used 1-minute interval coding to quantify tobacco and alcohol content in all episodes (including advertisement breaks) of six soap operas broadcast on UK television during three separate weeks in November and December 2018 and January 2019. Results We coded 2222 intervals from 87 episodes and 360 intervals from 77 advertisement breaks. Tobacco content was rare, occurring in 4% of all intervals across 30% of episodes, the only tobacco appearances in adverts appeared in anti-smoking advertising. Alcohol occurred in 24% of intervals across 95% of episodes and in 13% of advertisement intervals. The programmes delivered ~381.28 million tobacco and 2.1 billion alcohol gross impressions to the UK population, including 18.91 million tobacco and 113 million alcohol gross impressions to children. Conclusion Whilst tobacco was rare, alcohol content was common, resulting in billions of viewer impressions. Soap operas represent a potential driver of alcohol consumption in young people.

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The Association Between Health Literacy and Tobacco Use: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey

Journal of Community Health ◽

10.1007/s10900-021-01019-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

James S. Clifford ◽

Juan Lu ◽

Courtney T. Blondino ◽

Elizabeth K. Do ◽

Elizabeth C. Prom-Wormley

Keyword(s):

Health Literacy ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Nationally Representative

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Perceived beneficiaries and support for the globalization of higher education: a survey experiment on attitudes toward international students

Political Science Research and Methods ◽

10.1017/psrm.2021.23 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Thomas Gift ◽

Carlos X. Lastra-Anadón

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

International Students ◽

Foreign Students ◽

Public Support ◽

Survey Experiment ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Domestic Students ◽

Host Countries ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Uk

Abstract Foreign students are one of the most significant immigrant categories in many North American and Western European countries. Yet, as their numbers have swelled, many governments have experienced increasing pressures to cap their entry. This is true despite the sizable benefits that foreign students bring to host countries, and despite standard political economy concerns about immigrants—that they take away jobs or abuse public entitlements—not applying to foreign students. We field a nationally-representative survey experiment in the UK, one of the top destinations for foreign students, to examine potential activators of public support for capping the number of foreign students. Results show that support for caps is most activated when citizens are primed to think about foreign students competing with domestic students for scarce admissions slots at universities.

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The poverty trap: Leveling the playing field for young people

10.31899/pgy19.1007 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Azeema Faizunnissa

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Critical Role ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Community Members ◽

Transitions To Adulthood ◽

Marriage Patterns ◽

Playing Field ◽

Family Level ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Impact

Family plays a critical role in young people’s lives and is key in determining the conditions under which young people make important transitions to adulthood. This brief examines the impact of family-level poverty on the educational attainment, economic activity, and marriage patterns of Pakistani youth, and shows how strongly socioeconomic status shapes the lives of future generations. More young people aged 15–24 live in Pakistan now than at any other time in its history—an estimated 36 million in 2004. Recognizing the dearth of information on the situation of this large group of young people, the Population Council undertook a nationally representative survey from October 2001 to March 2002. The analysis presented in this brief comes from Adolescents and Youth in Pakistan 2001–02: A Nationally Representative Survey—the largest such survey focusing on young people. The survey sought information from youth aged 15–24, responsible adults in the household, and other community members in 254 communities. A total of 6,585 households were visited and 8,074 young people were interviewed.

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