TOBACCO ETCH VIRUS IN ONTARIO

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Stover
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Severe Symptom ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Tobacco Etch Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mild Symptom ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Burley Tobacco ◽  
And Behavior

Tobacco etch is one of the most widespread and injurious viruses on burley tobacco in Ontario. Three strains of this virus were obtained from tobacco collections. Their symptoms and behavior on tobacco and other hosts are described. Tobacco varieties were divided into two groups on the basis of their reaction to the etch virus. The group comprising all burley varieties tested showed severe symptoms while the other, comprising flue cured, dark, and cigar varieties, developed mild symptoms. The F1 from severe-symptom varieties × mild-symptom varieties exhibit mild symptoms while the F2 has segregated into severe- and mild-symptom types. The widespread occurrence of etch is attributed to the prevalence on tobacco of the vector Myzus persicae. A mixture of potato virus X (ringspot strain) and etch causes a more severe disease on burley tobacco than either virus by itself.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Colm Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Queer Theory ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sexual Part ◽  
The One ◽  
And Behavior

The introduction first sets out some preliminary definitions of sex, sexuality, and gender. It then turns from the sexual part of Sexual Identities to the identity part. A great deal of confusion results from failing to distinguish between identity in the sense of a category with which one identifies (categorial identity) and identity in the sense of a set of patterns that characterize one’s cognition, emotion, and behavior (practical identity). The second section gives a brief summary of this difference. The third and fourth sections sketch the relation of the book to social constructionism and queer theory, on the one hand, and evolutionary-cognitive approaches to sex, sexuality, and gender, on the other. The fifth section outlines the value of literature in not only illustrating, but advancing a research program in sex, sexuality, and gender identity. Finally, the introduction provides an overview of the chapters in this volume.

scholarly journals Relative COVID-19 Viral Persistence and Antibody Kinetics

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Chung-Guei Huang ◽  
Avijit Dutta ◽  
Ching-Tai Huang ◽  
Pi-Yueh Chang ◽  
Mei-Jen Hsiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Viral Persistence ◽  
Viral Clearance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Virus Clearance ◽  
Antibody Kinetics ◽  
Deceased Patient

A total of 15 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients were admitted to our hospital during the in-itial outbreak in Taiwan. The average time of virus clearance was delayed in seven patients, 24.14 ± 4.33 days compared to 10.25 ± 0.56 days post-symptom onset (PSO) in the other eight pa-tients. There was strong antibody response in patients with viral persistence at the pharynx, with peak values of serum antibody 677.2 ± 217.8 vs. 76.70 ± 32.11 in patients with delayed versus rapid virus clearance. The patients with delayed viral clearance had excessive antibodies of compromised quality in an early stage with the delay in peak virus neutralization efficacy, 34.14 ± 7.15 versus 12.50 ± 2.35 days PSO in patients with rapid virus clearance. Weak antibody re-sponse of patients with rapid viral clearance was also effective, with substantial and comparable neutralization efficacy, 35.70 ± 8.78 versus 41.37 ± 11.49 of patients with delayed virus clearance. Human Cytokine 48-Plex Screening of the serial sera samples revealed elevated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in a deceased patient with delayed virus clear-ance and severe disease. The levels were comparatively less in the other two patients who suf-fered from severe disease but eventually survived.

Relative Distribution and Incidence of Viruses Associated with Disease Outbreaks in Tomato Fields in Trinidad

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
S. N. Rampersad
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Tobacco Etch Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
High Incidence

Tomato production in Trinidad has suffered considerable losses in yield and fruit quality due to infections of hitherto surmised etiology. In order to develop strategies for controlling viral diseases in tomato, the relative distribution and incidence of seven viruses that commonly infect tomato were determined. Of the 362 samples tested, Potato yellow mosaic Trinidad virus (PYMTV) was found in every farm except two and was present at relatively high incidence throughout the country. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Tobacco etch virus (TEV) were found in fewer farms and at lower incidences while the other viruses were absent. Single infections of either virus were more common than double infections and multiple infections were rare but present. The results indicated that PYMTV is the predominant and most important viral pathogen in tomato production systems in Trinidad; however, begomovirus disease management strategies will also have to accommodate controls Accepted for publication 10 January 2006. Published 9 March 2006.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Overview of Immune Mechanisms and Biological Treatments

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Rafael Ramos de Mattos ◽  
Maellin Pereira Gracindo Garcia ◽  
Julia Bier Nogueira ◽  
Lisiery Negrini Paiatto ◽  
Cassia Galdino Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Biological Therapies ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Biological Treatments ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
And Behavior

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract associated with an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota. Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the most widely known types of IBD and have been the focus of attention due to their increasing incidence. Recent studies have pointed out genes associated with IBD susceptibility that, together with environment factors, may contribute to the outcome of the disease. In ulcerative colitis, there are several therapies available, depending on the stage of the disease. Aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and cyclosporine are used to treat mild, moderate, and severe disease, respectively. In Crohn’s disease, drug choices are dependent on both location and behavior of the disease. Nowadays, advances in treatments for IBD have included biological therapies, based mainly on monoclonal antibodies or fusion proteins, such as anti-TNF drugs. Notwithstanding the high cost involved, these biological therapies show a high index of remission, enabling a significant reduction in cases of surgery and hospitalization. Furthermore, migration inhibitors and new cytokine blockers are also a promising alternative for treating patients with IBD. In this review, an analysis of literature data on biological treatments for IBD is approached, with the main focus on therapies based on emerging recombinant biomolecules.

A NOTE ON THE BIOLOGY OF ANOPLIUS TENUICORNIS (TOURNIER) IN NORTH AMERICA (HYMENOPTERA: POMPILIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
S. Koponen ◽  
M.S. Wasbauer
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
Holarctic Species

Anoplius tenuicornis (Tournier) is a holarctic species with a broad distribution both in Europe (Wolf 1967) and North America (Wasbauer and Kimsey 1985). Despite the widespread occurrence of the species, individuals are not frequently encountered, so it is not surprising that biological information on it has not been available for North America and very little for Europe. Richards and Hamm (1939) gave two fragmentary reports of some significance on A. tenuicornis in England, reported as A. piliventris (Morawitz). In one case, cocoons of the wasp were found in dead thistle stems. In the other, an old burrow of Ectemnius continuus (Fabricius) (Sphecidae) (reported as Solenius) in rotten wood contained a series of wasp cocoons and fragments of clubionid spiders, the presumed prey.

scholarly journals Sleep, eat and talk: symbolic enstillment

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-170
Author(s):  
Ruth Ramalho Ruivo Palladino ◽  
Luiz Augusto de Paula Souza ◽  
Mara Lucia Pallotta ◽  
Rogério da Costa ◽  
Maria Claudia Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
And Behavior

Sleep, food and language are pillars of children’s healthy lives, are intertwined from birth and make up the dynamic structure of child development. These are the effects of interdependent conditions: organic, psychic and social, which involve the child and result, simultaneously, from organic and symbolic inheritances. The latter overdetermines and modulates the interaction of the child with the environment, especially with the other human who is there. This heritage will draw patterns of conduct and behavior that can often contribute to changes that compromise, to some extent, the overall development of the child. In the children’s clinic, the description of developmentdisorders, from the mildest to the most severe, includes, as a rule, food, sleep and language aspects, which suggests, then, a base triad, questioning clinicians as to the possibility of there being, more than a simple coincidence, a correlation between fundamental biological functions. If this is the case, it will be important for the clinician to appropriate this perspective, since the implication will probably determine particularities in the diagnostic and treatment procedures. In this direction, it is worth deepening and discussing the development of these functions (sleep, diet, language), seeking to clarify their constitutive correlation, the link between them.

scholarly journals ANALISIS YURIDIS FUNGSI DAN PERAN TENAGA PENDIDIK DALAM PEMBENTUKAN BINTARA DI SPN POLDA METRO JAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Heri Sutanto ◽  
Dadang Suprijatna ◽  
Nurwati Nurwati
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
General Public ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Officer Education

Police efforts in achieving the educational goals has not come true as well. Jakarta Police SPN even further behind the other Police-Police found in Indonesia. Indicators not maximal achievement of educational goals Police use them visible on the lower end of the exam results Education and Formation (Diktuk) Police Officer Polda Metro Jaya on the NES. The role of educators is expected to print the candidates NCO Professional Police so that they can run their police duties properly in accordance with the ethics of the police which is based on the Tribrata. The method used in this research is the method of juridical sociological (empirical). The establishment of the Police Officer Education is an education to establish and equip students to be members of the police who have the knowledge, skills, abilities, commendable attitude and behavior in the context of carrying out police duties that come from the general public with the lowest level of high school graduates who have passed the various required tests such as administration and others.

scholarly journals Consumer ethnocentrism of Serbian citizens

Sociologija ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veljko Marinkovic ◽  
Nenad Stanisic ◽  
Milan Kostic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
And Behavior

Consumer ethnocentrism implies the consumers? orientation to the purchasing of domestic goods, disapproval of purchasing of foreign goods, and the attitude that the buyers of foreign goods are responsible for domestic economic problems and unemployment. This paper presents the results of measurement of consumer ethnocentrism in Central Serbia, five administrative districts precisely (Sumadijski, Pomoravski, Rasinski, Moravicki, and Raski). Results show the moderate level of consumer ethnocentrism, which is now higher than before economic crisis, but still at the same level as the ethnocentrism in other counties of the region (B&H, Croatia, and Montenegro). At the segment level, consumer ethnocentrism is higher among rural, older and male population. Results also display the high and statistically significant correlation between level of consumer ethnocentrism, on one side, and consumer?s preferences and behavior, on the other.

scholarly journals THE RISKS AND LIABILITY OF PARTICIPANTS OF A CONSTRUCTION PROCESS FOR DEFECTS OF BUILDING PRODUCTS

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigitas Mitkus
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Building Products ◽  
Construction Contracts ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Mutual Agreement

Sharing of the risk and liability is one of the most important functions of construction contracts. Proper sharing of the risks and liability between the parties of construction contract has a rather big influence on efficiency, quality, and probability of arising disputes between the parties of construction contract in construction projects. A lot of risk exists during the fulfillment of construction projects. One of those risks is the risk of defects of building products. The question of the liability of the parties of construction contract for inappropriate quality of the construction production caused by a bad quality of building products mainly depends on sharing of the risk of defects of building materials in the construction contract. Some aspects of the mentioned risk and liability of the parties of the construction contract might be set by mutual agreement in the construction contract. The other aspects are regulated by imperative norms of the law and the parties of construction contract have not a right to change those imperative conditions of sharing of risks and liability. The article deals with sharing of risk and liability for supplying building products of an improper quality for construction, taking in to account conditions of construction contract, legal regulation and behavior of parties of a construction contract. A tree of forming the alternatives of liability is presented in the article. Liability for supply of defected building products arises not only for parties of a construction contract. The producer (supplier) of building products is responsible for this as well. Variations of liability of the producer (supplier) depending on construction contract conditions are analyzed. A matrix of liability of the producer (supplier) of building products is presented in the article.

scholarly journals A Study of Investment Behavior of Households in Virudhunagar District

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
M. Selvakumar ◽  
N. Manicka Mahesh
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Investment Behavior ◽  
Household Savings ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Risk And Return ◽  
The People ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
And Behavior

Investment of hard earned money is a crucial activity of every human being. Investment is the commitment of funds which have been saved from current consumption with the hope that some benefits will be received in future. Thus, it is a reward for waiting for money. Savings of the people are invested in assets depending on their risk and return demands, safety of money, liquidity, the available avenues for investment, various financial institutions, etc. On the other hand, the savings provide capital to industry, economic development to the country. In developing country like India, household savings is the major source of capital for economic activities. The study helps to understand the knowledge and behavior of households, the major provider of funds to economic activities of the country. Hence, a study of investment behavior of households has made with the objective of understanding the level of knowledge of households about investment.

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