STUDIES ON ASCOCHYTA IMPERFECTA PECK: PARASITIC STRAINS AMONG FIFTY ISOLATES FROM CANADIAN ALFALFA SEED

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Mead ◽  
M. W. Cormack
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Melilotus Alba ◽  
Alfalfa Seed

Fifty isolates of Ascochyta imperfecta from alfalfa seed grown in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia produced varying degrees of infection on excised leaves of Medicago falcata, Medicago sativa (three strains), Melilotus alba, Melilotus officinalis, Trifolium pratense, Lotus corniculatus, Pisum sativum, and Vicia faba. F tests from analyses of variance of disease ratings showed that the differences in susceptibility between hosts and between strains of Medicago were highly significant. Among the 10 hosts and within the strains of Medicago, the interaction isolates × hosts was highly significant. Thus, specificity among the isolates was clearly demonstrated. This is interpreted to mean that parasitic strains existed among the 50 isolates.A. imperfecta was isolated from 50 to 70% of the seed samples from each province. The heaviest infestation was on seed from Manitoba, where the weather at harvest time was wet and where the crop overwintered in the field.

scholarly journals Redescription of Melanagromyza sojae (Zehntner) from India and Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Bahadur Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
New Species ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Northern India

Six new species of other stem flies infesting mostly legumes were also discovered under the genus Melanagromyza (stem flies) from Pantnagar, Northern India. These were: M. species new ex stems of Cassia sp. (proposed name M. pathaki new species); M. species new ex stems of Glycine max (Linn.) Merril. (proposed name M. glycini new species); M. species new ex stems of Medicago denticulata willd. (proposed name M. denticulata Willd. new species); M. species new ex stems of Pisum sativum Linn. (proposed name M. pisiphaga new species); M. species new ex stems of Trifolium pratense Linn,. (proposed name M. sehgali new species) and M. species new ex stems of Vicia faba Linn. (proposed name M. vicivora new species). New names have been proposed to them as per International rules of Zoological Nomenclature. Other stem flies redescribed by author include: Ophiomyia centrosematis de Meijere, Opmiormyia phaseoli (Tryon) and Ophiomyia cicerivora. More than one thousand male genitalia slides were prepared for this study. Variations in morphology and genitalia characters have been described between and within the species. Melanagromyza sojae (Zehtner) has been redescribed here. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7491 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 64-70 (2012)

scholarly journals Reducing danger of heavy metals accumulation in winter wheat grain which is grown after leguminous perennial precursor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Razanov ◽  
O. P. Tkachuk ◽  
O. M. Bakhmat ◽  
A. M. Razanova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Accumulation Coefficient ◽  
Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽  
Galega Orientalis ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
Metals Accumulation

Goal. Assessment of the influence of growing leguminous perennial herbs on the intensity of heavy metals accumulation in winter wheat as in a subsequent crop rotation. Methods. Field, laboratory atomic absorption method, mathematical and statistical processing. Results. cultivation of winter wheat after precursors of Medicago sativa I., Trifolium pratense L., Onobrychis arenaria Kit., Melilotus albus L., Lotus corniculatus L. or Galéga orientalis Lam. leads to a decrease in the content of lead by 1.8-2.5 times, cadmium – by 1.7–2.6 times, copper - 2.2–4.6 times and zinc - 1.6–1.9 times compared to winter wheat after corn precursor on silage. To obtain winter wheat with a minimum lead and copper content, the optimal precursor is Onobrychis arenaria Kit., with a minimum cadmium content - Galéga orientalis Lam. precursor, with a minimum copper and zinc content - the Trifolium precursorpratense L. The lowest influence on the reduction of heavy metals accumulation in winter wheat grain is caused by the precursor Lotus corniculatus L. Thanks to the use of leguminous perennial herbs as a precursor to winter wheat, it is possible to reduce the accumulation coefficient of heavy metals by 1.1-2.9 times compared with the corn precursor on silage. The lowest accumulation coefficient of the studied heavy metals was observed after the precursor of Medicago sativa I. Conclusion. Leguminous perennial herbs - Medicago sativa I., Trifolium pratense L., Onobrychis arenaria Kit., Melilotus albus L., Lotus corniculatus L. and Galega orientalis Lam. promote optimization of soil condition by increasing the content of humus, minerals nutrients, optimization of soil acidity. As a result, they reduce the accumulation of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc) in winter wheat as the next crop in crop rotation and contribute to the reduction of accumulation coefficient of heavy metals in winter wheat.

scholarly journals Species-Specific and Distance-Dependent Dispersive Behaviour of Forisomes in Different Legume Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Maria K. Paulmann ◽  
Matthias R. Zimmermann ◽  
Linus Wegner ◽  
Aart J. E. van Bel ◽  
Grit Kunert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Sieve Element ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Stimulus Site

Forisomes are giant fusiform protein complexes composed of sieve element occlusion (SEO) protein monomers, exclusively found in sieve elements (SEs) of legumes. Forisomes block the phloem mass flow by a Ca2+-induced conformational change (swelling and rounding). We studied the forisome reactivity in four different legume species—Medicago sativa, Pisum sativum, Trifolium pratense and Vicia faba. Depending on the species, we found direct relationships between SE diameter, forisome surface area and distance from the leaf tip, all indicative of a developmentally tuned regulation of SE diameter and forisome size. Heat-induced forisome dispersion occurred later with increasing distance from the stimulus site. T. pratense and V. faba dispersion occurred faster for forisomes with a smaller surface area. Near the stimulus site, electro potential waves (EPWs)—overlapping action (APs), and variation potentials (VPs)—were linked with high full-dispersion rates of forisomes. Distance-associated reduction of forisome reactivity was assigned to the disintegration of EPWs into APs, VPs and system potentials (SPs). Overall, APs and SPs alone were unable to induce forisome dispersion and only VPs above a critical threshold were capable of inducing forisome reactions.

scholarly journals Economic Efficiency in Cultivation of Perrenial Grassland Leguminous for Seed Production

1970 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Viorel OLAR ◽  
Mihai OLAR ◽  
Viorica OLAR ◽  
Gavrila MORAR ◽  
Simona VAIDA
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Planting Distance

To study economic efficiency in the cultivation of perrenial grassland leguminous for seed production in spring 2005 we have initiated studies regarding the optimization of technological factors (fertilization, planting distance between rows, sowing norm, sowing time, harvest time, how to prepare the bed germinative) to Medicago sativa Satellite variety, Trifolium pratense Select 1 variety, Onobrychis vicifolia Splendid variety and Lotus corniculatus Alina variety, experiments were seeded in three repetitions with harvested plot size of 10m square. Data from the process charts for the years of study (2005 and 2006) were those obtained using optimal productions: hay in year 1 and year 2 of cutting, straw production and seed production for each species that were studied, but prices for materials and farming were those used in the usual practice in agriculture. After laborious studies conducted field and laboratory as well as the calculations was obtained a greater economic efficiency if the species of vegetation cultivated for seed production was red clover and in the worst for trefoil in the first two years, but was obtained a good economic efficiency in case of lucerne and sainfoin cultivars.

The description of a new Bruchophagus species (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae) developing in seeds of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Descr. (Fabaceae) in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
M.D. Zerova ◽  
A. Al-Sendi ◽  
V.N. Fursov ◽  
H. Adeli-Manesh ◽  
S.E. Sadeghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The new species, Bruchophagus ayadi sp.n., is reared from seed pods of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Desr. (Fabaceae) in Iran (Lorestan). The new species is close to B. platypterus (Walk.), but differs by roundish abdomen and very gibbous, almost globular (in lateral view) mesosoma. These species can be also differentiated by some biological features. The host plant of B. platypterus is Lotus corniculatus L., whereas the new species is reared from Melilotus officinalis (L.) Desr. Holotype of Bruchophagus ayadi sp.n. is deposited in the collection of I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv).

scholarly journals Precrop Effect of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the Population Development of the Northern Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949 and on Succeeding Crops—A Pot Study

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Renata Dobosz ◽  
Roman Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Tomato Growth

The northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, is a major pest of many crop species. The objective of the study was to determine how M. hapla population dynamics is affected by two precrops, i.e., Trifolium pratense and Medicago sativa, in three crop durations: one, two and three years of continuous cultivation. Moreover, we set ourselves the task of evaluating the effect of the legume precrop soil on the growth of the succeeding tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) and on the nematode population. The experiment was performed outdoors in pots with naturally infected soil. Both precrop species investigated were found to modify the J2 nematode population density in the soil. The galls and nematode females with egg masses were observed on the roots of both studied plant species at the end of each growing season. They appeared to be more abundant on the red clover roots than on those of the alfalfa. The obtained data indicate that the spring soil sampling is more appropriate for the estimation of the M. hapla population density in the red clover precrop soil. The legume precrop soil had a limiting effect on tomato growth and fruit yield. The nematode population negatively influenced tomato growth. The experiment revealed that tomato plants could be planted in alfalfa precrop soil following at least three years of continuous alfalfa cultivation. The same cannot be said of the cultivation of red clover as a precrop for tomatoes.

Ethylene formation in Pisum sativum and Vicia faba protoplasts

Planta ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micha Guy ◽  
Hans Kende
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Ethylene Formation

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SOIL ACIDITY PROBLEM IN ALBERTA AND NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG ◽  
P. B. HOYT ◽  
W. A. RICE ◽  
B. SIEMENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Species

The amount of cultivated acid soil in Alberta and northeastern British Columbia was estimated from pH values of farm samples analyzed by the Alberta Soil Testing Laboratory, and the effect of soil acidity on crops was assessed from field experiments on 28 typical acid soils. The field experiments consisted of two cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and one cultivar each of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown with and without lime for 2 yr. There are about 30,000 ha of soils with a pH of 5.0 or less where soil acidity seriously restricts yields of all four crop species. There are approximately 300,000 ha with a soil pH of 5.1–5.5 where liming will on the average increase yields of alfalfa by 100%, yields of barley by 10–15%, and yields of rapeseed and red clover by 5–10%. There are a further 1,600,000 ha where soil pH ranges from 5.6 to 6.0 and liming will increase yields of alfalfa by approximately 50% and yields of barley, rapeseed and red clover by at least 4–5%.

Physoderma alfalfae. [Distribution map].

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Physoderma alfalfae (Pat. & Lagerh.) Karling. Hosts: Lucerne (Medicago sativa) and Medicago spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, India (Punjab), Iran, Israel, Pakistan, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, New Zealand, EUROPE, Belgium, Britain, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, NORTH AMERICA, Canada (British Columbia), Mexico, USA, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Peru.

XVII.—The Endodermis in Light-grown and Etiolated Shoots of the Leguminosæ: A Contribution to the Causal Study of Differentiation in the Plant

1935 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bond
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Lens Esculenta ◽  
Normal Shoot ◽  
Casparian Strip ◽  
Unpublished Work

Twelve years ago Priestley and Ewing (1923) reported that in certain plants, normally showing but little development of stem-endodermis, an extensive formation of this layer could be induced by etiolation. (Note: In this paper the term endodermis is used only when the layer shows characteristic structural features—in the present case the Casparian strip.) A later paper by Priestley (1926) dealt with the same subject. The specified plants with which this result was obtained consisted of four closely related species, namely, Vicia Faba, V. sativa*, Pisum sativum, and Lens esculenta*, and also Solanum tuberosum. (The statements relating to the species marked with an asterisk are based on unpublished work carried out at Leeds, kindly placed at the author's disposal by Professor J. H. Priestley.) In these plants a primary endodermis, though present only at the base of the normal shoot, was described as extending to a considerable height in the etiolated shoot. It was concluded that the absence of endodermis from the greater part of the shoot of these plants, when grown under normal conditions, arises from the inoperation, in the presence of light, of the mechanism forming the Casparian strip.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document