Lipid changes in winter wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum) at temperatures inducing cold hardiness

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2401-2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. de la Roche ◽  
C. J. Andrews ◽  
M. K. Pomeroy ◽  
Pearl Weinberger ◽  
M. Kates
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Lipid Phosphorus ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The changes in total lipid, fatty acid, and lipid phosphorus contents were followed during germination and early growth of Rideau wheat seedlings at 24° for 72 h and 2° for 5 weeks. At both temperatures the changes in total lipids and total fatty acids were similar for seedlings at comparable stages of morphological development. In contrast, the phospholipid content of seedlings grown at 2° was considerably higher than that of seedlings grown at 24°. A marked increase in linolenic acid was also observed during growth at 2°, and this change occurred entirely in the embryo. The results indicate an increased synthesis and unsaturation of membranes in seedlings grown at 2°. The changes may contribute to the increased resistance to freezing temperatures exhibited by seedlings grown at 2°.

Comparative changes in hardiness and lipid composition in two near-isogenic lines of wheat (spring and winter) grown at 2 °C and 24 °C

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (17) ◽  
pp. 1899-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihal S. de Silva ◽  
P. Weinberger ◽  
M. Kates ◽  
Ian A. de la Roche
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Freezing Resistance ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Quantitative Changes

Changes in total lipids, fatty acids, and lipid-P contents of two near-isogenic lines of wheat seedlings of the parental spring (D) and mutant winter (C) genotypes of Triticum aestivum L. var. Triple Dirk were compared during germination and growth at 2 °C and 25 °C. Qualitative and quantitative changes of total lipids, phospholipids, and linoleic and linolenic acids were detected in both genotypes when grown at 2 °C for 2–5 weeks as compared with seedlings of equivalent morphological development grown at 25 °C. These differences may be associated with the freezing resistance that developed when both genotypes were germinated at 2 °C. During the period of growth at 2 °C from week 5 to week 6, which coincided with the completion of the vernalization response in the winter genotype, higher levels of phospholipids were found in the winter genotype than in the spring genotype. In this same period, the lipids in the seedlings of the winter genotype grown at 2 °C showed much larger increases in contents of linoleic and linolenic acids than the lipids of the spring genotype grown at the same temperature. These changes may be the result of a gene-linked temperature-sensitive mechanism controlling desaturation of fatty acids and could possibly be associated with the vernalization process.

scholarly journals Fatty acid profile and lambs’ meat quality fed with different levels of crude glycerin replacing corn

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 2051
Author(s):  
Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽  
Mônica Chaves Françozo ◽  
Agostinho Ludovico ◽  
Filipe Alexandre Boscaro de Castro ◽  
Marilice Zundt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Margaric Acid ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

This study aimed to evaluate the Texel lambs’ meat quality fed with increasing levels of crude glycerin (0, 7, 14, and 21% of dry matter) in the diet. Thirthy-two-two non-castrated male Texel lambs were used, with initial weight of 15.9 ± 4.1 kg, using a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight repetitions, per treatment. Upon reaching the average weight of 35 kg, the animals were slaughtered. The meat chemical composition was similar among treatments (P>0.05) and total lipids and crude protein presented averages of 3.47 and 20.05 g 100g -1, respectively. No changes in pH, marbling, color, and water loss under pressure were observed. The shear force did not change among treatments and the texture can be considered soft, with average values of 5.48 kgf. There was a linear (P0.05) were observed for the attributes flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptance among treatments. Fatty acids in higher proportions in the meat lamb were to C18:1n-9 (1298.90 mg 100g-1), C16:0 (709.07 mg 100g-1) and C18:0 (433.30 mg 100g-1), with percentages of 42.72, 23.07 and 14.35%, respectively. Significant difference according to the glycerin level in the diet was observed only for the margaric acid (C17:0) with an increasing linear effect, reaching 58.95 mg 100g-1 muscle to the group with 21% crude glycerin, corresponding to 1.77% of total fatty acids. The other fatty acids did not change, and provided a satisfactory result for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), totaling about 6.1 mg 100 g-1 muscle, corresponding to 0.21% of total lipids. The use of glycerin in the diet for finishing lambs does not alter the characteristics of the meat, maintaining the product quality for consumption.

scholarly journals Observations on the nature and origin of lipids in the small intestine of the sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen M. Lennox ◽  
A. K. Lough ◽  
G. A. Garton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Proportional Contribution ◽  
Conjugated Bile Acids

1. Total lipids were extracted from digesta obtained from the rumen, abomasum and upper small intestine (jejunum) of each of four slaughtered sheep. The lipids were fractionated into unesterified fatty acids, neutral lipids and phospholipids and the proportional contribution of each fraction to the total fatty acids was determined.2. The contribution made by phospholipids to the total fatty acids in the digesta showed a marked increase in the samples from the small intestine compared with those from the rumen and abomasum. This increase was apparently due to the presence of biliary phospholipids.3. Total lipids and conjugated bile acids were extracted from sheep bile, the lipids were fractionated and their fatty-acid composition was determined. Phospholipids predominated and these consisted mainly of phosphatidylcholine, together with some lysophosphatidylcholine.4. Both phospholipids contained significant amounts of unsaturated C18 components which could account, at least in part, for the previously reported increament to the proportion of these acids in the digesta when it enters the upper jejunum.5. The overall fatty acid compositions of the two biliary phospholipids were very similar and, in common with other naturally occurring phosphatidylcholines, the fatty acids present in position 2 of the phosphatidylcholine of bile were found to consist almost entirely of unsaturated components.6. Total lipids and conjugated bile acids were extracted from samples of digesta obtained from three sheep with cannulas in different positions in the jejunum. Analysis of the lipids indicated that biliary phospholipids, in particular phosphatidylcholine, underwent progressive hydrolysis in the intestinal lumen.7. The distribution of conjugated bile acids, unesterified fatty acids and phospholipids between the solid (particulate) and liquid (micellar) phases of the intestinal digesta was determined. These chyme constituents were, for the most part, associated with the particulate matter and thus, at any given time, it appears that only a small fraction of the total fatty acids is available for absorption in micellar form. It is suggested that the micellar solubilization of fatty acids may be facilitated by the presence of lysophosphatidylcholine.

Estimation of Lipid Fractions of Blood Plasma

1955 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre C Kibrick ◽  
S J Skupp
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Entire Procedure

Abstract The Allen volumetric method for plasma fat has been modified by calibration to include the percentage of olive-oil recovery. The values obtained from calibration with mercury are corrected for the 125 per cent recovery of the oil. The validity of the entire procedure has been discussed. A simple system of estimating the lipid fractions of plasma has been described. Total lipids are the total of Allen fat + (25 x lipid P). Neutral fat is Allen fat-cholesterol-cholesterol fatty acids. Total fatty acids are X neutral fat + cholesterol fatty acids + (0.64 x phospholipids). The values of total fatty acids have been compared with those obtained by oxidation with dichromate and by determining the esterified fatty acids with iron perchlorate. The values of neutral fat found in 13 apparently normal individuals are shown to range from 0 to 88 and to give an average value of 28 mg./100 ml.

scholarly journals The absorption of long-chain fatty acids from the small intestine of the sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen M. Lennox ◽  
G. A. Garton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Linseed Meal ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Different Parts

1. Three sheep, each of which was fitted with a rumen cannula and with two pairs of reentrant cannulas in different parts of the small intestine, were used in this study. They were fed on dried grass cubes or hay plus linseed meal and oats: an aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was infused continuously into the rumen.2. Total lipids were extracted from samples of the chyme entering and leaving the different lengths of the small intestine embraced by the respective cannulas. The lipids were fractionated into unesterified fatty acids, neutral lipids and phospholipids and the contribution of each fraction to the total fatty acids was determined. The samples were also analysed for their PEG content, thus affording an index of the extent to which water had been absorbed from each particular length of intestine.3. From the above findings and a knowledge of the flow-rate of the digesta, the uptake of unesterified fatty acids and the degree of dissimilation or uptake, or of both, of esterified fatty acids was calculated.4. The results indicated that, by the time the digesta reached the ileum (i.e. the distal half of the small intestine), the uptake of fatty acids was almost complete, as was also the hydrolytic release of esterified fatty acids.5. Though there were no gross differences in the overall composition of the unesterified and esterified fatty acids in different parts of the small intestine, it appeared that C18 mono-unsaturated acid, the principal unsaturated unesterified acid, was absorbed somewhat more efficiently than were the major saturated acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid).

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Different Isolated Oleaginous Mucoromycota Fungi for Their γ-Linolenic Acid and Carotenoid Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Mohamed ◽  
Abdel-Rahim El-Shanawany ◽  
Aabid Manzoor Shah ◽  
Yusuf Nazir ◽  
Tahira Naz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

γ-Linolenic acid (GLA) and carotenoids have attracted much interest due to their nutraceutical and pharmaceutical importance. Mucoromycota, typical oleaginous filamentous fungi, are known for their production of valuable essential fatty acids and carotenoids. In the present study, 81 fungal strains were isolated from different Egyptian localities, out of which 11 Mucoromycota were selected for further GLA and carotenoid investigation. Comparative analysis of total lipids by GC of selected isolates showed that GLA content was the highest in Rhizomucor pusillus AUMC 11616.A, Mucor circinelloides AUMC 6696.A, and M. hiemalis AUMC 6031 that represented 0.213, 0.211, and 0.20% of CDW, respectively. Carotenoid analysis of selected isolates by spectrophotometer demonstrated that the highest yield of total carotenoids (640 μg/g) was exhibited by M. hiemalis AUMC 6031 and M. hiemalis AUMC 6695, and these isolates were found to have a similar carotenoid profile with, β-carotene (65%), zeaxanthin (34%), astaxanthin, and canthaxanthin (5%) of total carotenoids. The total fatty acids of all tested isolates showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhi, and Penicillium chrysogenum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the highest yield of total lipid accumulation (51.74% CDW) by a new oleaginous fungal isolate R. pusillus AUMC 11616.A. A new scope for a further study on this strain will be established to optimize and improve its total lipids with high GLA production. So, R. pusillus AUMC 11616.A might be a potential candidate for industrial application.

Enrichment of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in the eggs of laying hens fed pure isomers of CLA or vaccenic acid

2006 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Edison Muma ◽  
Samu Palander ◽  
Matti Näsi ◽  
Mikko Griinari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a complex mixture of positional and geometric conjugated isomersof linoleic acid. Dairy products are the major dietary source of CLA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA (9,11CLA) is the predominant isomer resulting from the specific metabolism of feed derived fatty acids inthe rumen. Recent studies suggest endogenous synthesis of CLA by action of Δ-9 desaturase on trans-11 18:1 fatty acid (vaccenic acid, VA) is more important than ruminal production. In view of potentialhuman health benefits, several studies have attempted to enrich eggs with CLA by supplementing thediets of laying hen with mixtures of CLA. This has resulted in marked enrichment but also negativeeffects on egg quality and loss of hatchability of the eggs with concurrent increase in saturated fattyacid content in egg yolk. Such changes are consistent with Δ-9 desaturase inhibition especially associatedwith the presence of the trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer (10,12 CLA) in the CLA mixtures. It istherefore worthwhile to determine which of the major CLA isomers present in the CLA mixtures, 9,11CLA or 10,12 CLA, is associated with the negative effects on egg quality. This was done by supplementingthe diets of laying hen with relatively pure forms of 9,11 CLA and 10,12 CLA. Furthermore,using relatively pure forms of 9,11 CLA and 10,12 CLA allowed us to determine the transfer efficiencyof 9,11 CLA and 10,12 CLA into egg yolk. In addition, endogenous conversion of VA to 9,11CLA in hens and deposition in egg yolk was examined.Experimental treatments consisted of diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/d of CLA orVA. CLA isomer content (% of total fatty acids) of the materials was 83 and 7% (9,11 CLA), 9 and85% (10,12 CLA), 35 and 35% (Mix CLA) of 9,11 CLA and 10, 12 CLA, respectively. VA was suppliedin the form of dehydrated hydroxy stearic acid with trans-11 C18:1 content of 28%. The othermajor isomers in this product were cis-11, trans-12 and cis-12 C18:1 (28, 11 and 11%, respectively).There were three hens in each treatment and experimental diets were fed for 21 days. When dietswere supplemented with 9,11 CLA, 10,12 CLA and Mix CLA the transfer efficiencies (percentageof dietary CLA recovered in the egg) of 9,11 CLA and 10,12 CLA in egg yolk total lipids were 21 and<1%, 24 and 12%, 20 and 9%, respectively. Dietary VA was efficiently converted to 9,11 CLA anddeposited in the yolk. The slope of linear regression of VA plus 9,11 CLA versus 9,11 CLA in the eggyolk total lipids represents an estimate of the average conversion over the range of VA intakes studied.In this study 74% of VA available for desaturation was converted to 9,11 CLA. The transfer efficiencyof VA (percentage of dietary VA recovered as VA plus 9,11 CLA in the egg) was 14%. Dietary vaccenicacid in hens is efficiently converted to 9,11 CLA, but the overall efficiency of dietary VA use forCLA enrichment is quite low. Further studies examining the limitations of VA transfer to the liver andavailability for conversion by Δ-9 desaturase should be examined.

Effects of caloric intake on clearance of injected lipids in rabbits and rats

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Ammerman ◽  
J. M. Iacono ◽  
Lucille P. Wendel ◽  
G. J. Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Lipid Phosphorus ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Components

Rabbits fasted 3 and 10 days displayed marked increases in serum total fatty acids and total cholesterol, limited increases in lipid phosphorus and a distinct inability to clear intravenously injected triglycerides from the serum. Limited feeding in which rabbits were losing weight over a 10-day period resulted in essentially no change, either in serum lipid components or lipid removal rates. The adverse effects of fasting on serum lipid clearance appeared to be partially overcome by injecting additional glucose at the time of lipid administration, and completely overcome by giving heparin intravenously 15 minutes prior to lipid injection. Rats fasted 4 days showed decreased levels of serum total fatty acids, lipid phosphorus and total cholesterol, but maintained normal rates of serum lipid clearance. Limited-fed rats showed less pronounced decreases in serum total fatty acids, lipid phosphorus and total cholesterol, and also maintained normal serum lipid clearance.

Characteristics of Crude Palm Oil Produced in Hainan

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu Gong ◽  
Gan Ran Deng ◽  
Jian Hua Cao ◽  
Guo Jie Li ◽  
Zhi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Crude palm oil (CPO) was extracted from fresh fruit bunches of RYL7 oil palm cultivated in Hainan by using a self-made single stage screw press. The physicochemical characteristics and Fatty acid composition of the CPO was investigated. The experimental results included melting point (33.10 °C), density (0.91 g/cm3 at 20 °C), acid value (8.35 mg KOH/g), iodine value (62.72 mg iodine/g), saponifiable value (198.02 mg KOH/g), moisture and volatile matter (0.16% of total lipids), insoluble impurities (0.04% of total lipids), unsaponifiable matter (0.40% of total lipids). Oleic acid (40.90% of total fatty acids), palmitic acid (37.88% of total fatty acids), linoleic (14.29% of total fatty acids), followed by stearic acid (5.11% of total fatty acids) were found to be the predominant fatty acids in the oil. The unsaturated oleic acid was the most predominant fatty acid in CPO of Hainan while saturated palmitic acid was the most principal fatty acid in palm oil from Malaysia. The contents of linolenic, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in this CPO were 4.09%, 5.09%, 4.09% higher than that of Malaysia, respectively. In addition, the percentages of palmitic acid and saturated fatty acids of this oil were 5.62%, 6.01% lower than that of Malaysia, respectively.

Effet du NaCl sur l'utilisation des lipides et les activités enzymatiques glyoxysomales au cours de la germination de deux espèces de Medicago

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douja Ben Miled-Daoud ◽  
Abdelkader Cherif
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Storage Lipids ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Medicago Species ◽  
Activités Enzymatiques

The effect of increased NaCl concentrations on seed germination of two Medicago species (M. orbicularis and M. murex) was studied during the first 10 days of development. The effect of NaCl on utilization of storage lipids and on glyoxysomal marker enzymes in cotyledons was also examined. Total lipids, total fatty acids, and triacylglycerols decreased significantly with seedling growth in control cotyledons. Storage lipids disappeared as glyoxysomal enzyme activity appeared. The effect of NaCl on utilization of storage lipids and on glyoxysomal enzyme activity is compared for the two species. Key words: Medicago, germination, NaCl, lipids, glyoxysomal enzymes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document