scholarly journals Characterization of bronze leaf disease in western Canadian aspen and poplar trees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Champa Wijekoon ◽  
Melanie Kalischuk ◽  
Paige Brunelle ◽  
Ronald J. Howard ◽  
Lawrence M. Kawchuk
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Leaf Disease ◽  
Poplar Trees ◽  
The Relationship

Aspen and poplar trees are important horticultural plants grown in Canada for aesthetic, commercial woodlot and windbreak applications. Bronze leaf is a destructive disease in <i>Populus </i>spp. and is caused by the fungal pathogen <i>Apioplagiostoma populi </i>Barr. This pathogen is often difficult to isolate and confirm from infected plant tissues and has been mainly identified by disease symptoms and morphological characteristics of <i>A. populi</i> when fruiting bodies form on infected leaves or branches. Affected leaves and branches typically become necrotic and bronze in colour. Air-borne spores and nursery shipments containing infected plants play an important role in the efficient movement of the pathogen. In this study, bronze leaf disease samples from symptomatic trees in Canada were examined microscopically for <i>A. populi</i> perithecia and asci. Pathogen-specific genomic sequences were identified for the development of sensitive stringent diagnostics that indicated branches and petioles were the most effective tissues for detecting <i>A. populi</i>. Leaf samples from symptomatic trees were collected in Canada and examined for perithecia to microscopically characterize <i>A. populi</i> asci and ascospores. Disease associated DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 5.8S region of the nuclear ribosomal were isolated from perithecia and symptomatic tree samples. Morphological and molecular biological data from this study characterized the relationship and epidemiology of <i>A. populi</i> and enabled the development of rapid diagnostic methods that restrict the extent of further losses in amenity and commercial plantings of aspen and poplar.

scholarly journals Virus and virus-like diseases of grapevine in Hungary

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lázár ◽  
Gy. D. Bisztray
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
The World

Viruses and viroids are submicroscopic infectious particles which can cause disease symptoms on grapevine. These parasites are depending completely on the energy metabolism of the plant cell. To enter the host cell plant viruses depend on injuries or on transmission via invertebrates (insects, nematodes, etc.). Viruses are classified by many characters including particle morphology, host range and information content of the genome. At present about 70 viruses including 7 viroids infecting grapevine are known. In single or mixed infections they are potentially detrimental to the quality and quantity of grape production in any growing area of the world. Some viruses can cause severe economic damage in vineyards. In Hungary many important viruses and viroids have been detected in grape. This review summarises characteristics of viruses and the results of detection and characterization of virus and virus like diseases of grapevine in Hungary. The identification of the causal agent, its transmission, geographical distribution and the development of the diagnostic methods are also discussed.

scholarly journals THE APPLICATION OF BIOINFORMATICS IN THE MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Bacillus licheniformis

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1367-1370
Author(s):  
Srdjan Tasić ◽  
Irena Tasić
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Biochemical Characterisation ◽  
Multiple Sequences ◽  
Blast Program

Bioinformatics is the application of information technology in biology and includes the processes of gathering, processing and analysing experimental results. Bioinformatics now entails the creation and advancement of databases, algorithms, computational and statistical techniques, and theory to solve formal and practical problems arising from the management and analysis of biological data. Computers are necessary in microbiology because the manual comparison of multiple sequences has become unpractical. The research subject was the characterisation of the strain ST51 isolated from the thermal water well in Vranjska Banja, south eastern Serbia. Molecular characterisation of these three strains was performed by analysis of the tuf gene, which encodes the elongation factor Tu. The DNA sequences were compared to those deposited in GenBank. data bases using the BLAST program (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?PROGRAM=blastn). The biochemical characterisation was performed using the API 50 CHB system (bioMerieux) and APIWEB TM software Ver. 4.1. The molecular characterisation of the strain ST51 proved the highest level of similarity to the strain Bacillus licheniformis marked as ATCC 14580 (99% identical). The biochemical characterization confirmed that the strain ST51 belongs to the species Bacillus licheniformis.Given that all the conducted analyses yielded a substantial number of data, they were processed and compared using biostatistics methods and tools in order to achieve the highest probability of resulted taxonomic classification. Modern research contributes to the analysis of a significant number of variables which is why considerably more statistical analyses are involved in their interpretation and presentation. Our results indicate that different methods are needed for proper determination and characterisation of isolates/strains. Regarding taxonomy, molecular methods are the most precise, while for physiological specificity biochemical methods are more reliable.

scholarly journals Research Paper: Detecting climatically driven phylogenetic and morphological divergence among spruce species (<i>Picea</i>) worldwide

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Hong Wang ◽  
He Li ◽  
Hai-Wei Zhao ◽  
Wei-Kang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Divergence ◽  
Ecological Divergence ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Annual Range ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between climate and the phylogenetic and morphological divergence of global spruces (Picea) in the Northern Hemisphere. Bioclimatic and georeferenced data were collected from a total of 3388 sites distributed within the global domain of spruce species. A phylogenetic tree and a morphological tree for the global spruces were reconstructed based on DNA sequences and morphological characteristics. The spatial evolutionary and ecological vicariance analysis (SEEVA) method was used to detect the ecological divergence among spruces. A divergence index (D) with (0, 1) scaling was calculated for each bioclimatic factor at each node for both trees. The annual mean values, extreme values and annual range of the climatic variables were among the major determinants for spruce divergence. The ecological divergence was significant (P 

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Microstructural Characterization of Au-Ge-Ni based ohmic contacts to GaAs/AlGaAs modfet device

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 326-327
Author(s):  
A.K. Rai ◽  
A.K. Petford-Long ◽  
A. Ezis ◽  
D.W. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Contact Resistance ◽  
Ohmic Contact ◽  
Ohmic Contacts ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
Spacer Layer ◽  
Good Contact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lower Contact

Considerable amount of work has been done in studying the relationship between the contact resistance and the microstructure of the Au-Ge-Ni based ohmic contacts to n-GaAs. It has been found that the lower contact resistivity is due to the presence of Ge rich and Au free regions (good contact area) in contact with GaAs. Thus in order to obtain an ohmic contact with lower contact resistance one should obtain a uniformly alloyed region of good contact areas almost everywhere. This can possibly be accomplished by utilizing various alloying schemes. In this work microstructural characterization, employing TEM techniques, of the sequentially deposited Au-Ge-Ni based ohmic contact to the MODFET device is presented.The substrate used in the present work consists of 1 μm thick buffer layer of GaAs grown on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate followed by a 25 Å spacer layer of undoped AlGaAs.

Characterization of Auditory Disability and Its Relation to the Resilience

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Bibian Bibeca Bumbila García ◽  
Hernán Andrés Cedeño Cedeño ◽  
Tatiana Moreira Chica ◽  
Yaritza Rossana Parrales Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Disabled Students ◽  
Hearing Disability ◽  
Technical University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

The objective of the work is to establish the characterization of the auditory disability and its relationship with resilience at the Technical University of Manabí. The article shows a conceptual analysis related to the inclusion and social integration of disabled students. Based on the fact that the person with disabilities grows and develops in the same way as that of people without disabilities and what usually happens is that disabled people are rejected and discriminated against based on a prefabricated and erroneous conceptualization of these people. The results associated with the application of the SV-RES test prepared by the researchers are shown (Saavedra & Villalta, 2008b). Characterization of the auditory deficit is made in the students, and the limitations that derive from it are pointed out. We analyze the particularities related to communication with students who have a hearing disability and resilience in this type of student, where some personal highlights that in this sense constitute an example of resilience. Finally, the results related to the study of the relationship between students' hearing disability and the level of resilience dimensions are shown.

DIAGNOSING QUALITY OF FRICTION SYSTEMS OF MECHANISMS OF DEVICES

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Ershov ◽  
I. N. Lukyanenko ◽  
E. E. Aman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Defects ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Mechanical Assemblies ◽  
Local Defects ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Production And Operation

The article shows the need to develop diagnostic methods for monitoring the quality of lubrication systems, which makes it possible to study the dynamic processes of contacting elements of the friction systems of instrument mechanisms, taking into account roughness parameters, the presence of local surface defects of elements and the bearing capacity of a lubricant. In the present article, a modern diagnostic model has been developed to control the quality of the processes of production and operation of friction systems of instrument assemblies. With the help of the developed model, it becomes possible to establish the relationship of diagnostic and design parameters of the mechanical system, as well as the appearance of possible local defects and lubricant state, which characterize the quality of friction systems used in many mechanical assemblies of the mechanisms of devices. The research results are shown in the form of nomograms to assess the defects of the elements of friction mechanisms of the mechanisms of the devices.

The Problem of Divine Hiddenness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Rea
Keyword(s):  
Problem Of Evil ◽  
Philosophical Discussion ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Divine Hiddenness ◽  
The Problem Of Evil ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides a detailed characterization of the various meanings of the term “divine hiddenness,” carefully and rigorously articulates the version of the problem of divine hiddenness that has dominated contemporary philosophical discussion for the past twenty-five years, and then explains the relationship between that problem and the problem of evil.

scholarly journals Crowdsourcing and open innovation: a systematic literature review, an integrated framework and a research agenda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livio Cricelli ◽  
Michele Grimaldi ◽  
Silvia Vermicelli
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Word Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn recent years, Open Innovation (OI) and crowdsourcing have been very popular topics in the innovation management literature, attracting significant interest and attention, and inspiring a rich production of publications. Although these two topics share common themes and address similar managerial challenges, to the best of our knowledge, there is no systematic literature review that digs deep into the intersection of both fields. To fill in this gap a joint review of crowdsourcing and OI topics is both timely and of interest. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to carry out a comprehensive, systematic, and objective review of academic research to help shed light on the relationship between OI and crowdsourcing. For this purpose, we reviewed the literature published on these two topics between 2008 and 2019, applying two bibliometric techniques, co-citation and co-word analysis. We obtained the following results: (i) we provide a qualitative analysis of the emerging and trending themes, (ii) we discuss a characterization of the intersection between OI and crowdsourcing, identifying four dimensions (strategic, managerial, behavioral, and technological), (iii) we present a schematic reconceptualization of the thematic clusters, proposing an integrated view. We conclude by suggesting promising opportunities for future research.

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