A STUDY OF THE DETERMINATION OF VITAMIN A BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AND BY PHOTOELECTRIC COLORIMETRY

1938 ◽  
Vol 16b (12) ◽  
pp. 422-431
Author(s):  
W. D. McFarlane ◽  
A. J. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Extinction Coefficient ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Unsaponifiable Fraction ◽  
Complete Destruction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Absorption Measurements

A comparison has been made of the determination of vitamin A in cod-liver oils and concentrates of vitamin A by means of (a) extinction coefficient measurements at 3280 Å, and (b) photoelectric colorimetry. Both methods are shown to yield results of equal accuracy, but with cod-liver oils special precautions have to be taken in the preparation and purification of the unsaponifiable fraction. No significant difference was found between the means of the quotients, blue value/E value, for low potency cod-liver oils and those for concentrates.The estimation of vitamin A by direct spectrophotometric measurements before and after its destruction by intense ultra-violet irradiation has been investigated. The conditions are described which permitted the complete destruction of vitamin A in a concentrate with apparently no significant effect on the other absorbing constituents of the oil except carotene. The residual absorption after irradiation amounted to about 5% of the initial absorption. With cod-liver oils the values obtained by this method are 20 to 30% lower than those obtained by absorption measurements on the unsaponifiable fraction. The results obtained with the concentrate indicate that a correction may be applied which reduces the discrepancy to about 10 to 15%.

scholarly journals The Effect of Geogebra on Students’ Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge: The Case of Applications of Derivative

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Fatih Ocal
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Dynamic Geometry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test

Integrating the properties of computer algebra systems and dynamic geometry environments, Geogebra became an effective and powerful tool for teaching and learning mathematics. One of the reasons that teachers use Geogebra in mathematics classrooms is to make students learn mathematics meaningfully and conceptually. From this perspective, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether instruction with Geogebra has effect on students’ achievements regarding their conceptual and procedural knowledge on the applications of derivative subject. This study adopted the quantitative approach with pre-test post-test control group true experimental design. The participants were composed of two calculus classrooms involving 31 and 24 students, respectively. The experimental group with 31 students received instruction with Geogebra while the control group received traditional instruction in learning the applications of derivative. Independent samples t-test was used in the analysis of the data gathered from students’ responses to Applications of Derivative Test which was subjected to them before and after teaching processes. The findings indicated that instruction with Geogebra had positive effect on students’ scores regarding conceptual knowledge and their overall scores. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between experimental and control group students’ scores regarding procedural knowledge. It could be concluded that students in both groups were focused on procedural knowledge to be successful in learning calculus subjects including applications of derivative in both groups. On the other hand, instruction with Geogebra supported students’ learning these subjects meaningfully and conceptually.

scholarly journals Analisis Perbandingan Kinerja Keuangan Dan Ekonomi Sosial Bank Syariah Antara Sebelum Dan Sesudah Ditetapkannya Fatwa MUI Tentang Haramnya Bunga Bank

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 973
Author(s):  
Lia Auliah Rachmah ◽  
Nisful Laila
Keyword(s):  
Social Performance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
T Test ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

This study aims to find out the comparison between the performance of Islamic Banks including financial performances such as the ratio of ROA, ROE, FDR and CAR as wells economic and social performance such as MMR ratio before and after the determination of fatwa regarding the prohibition against bank interest. Quantitative approach and independent sample t-test has been used in this study. The data is a secondary data which was obtained by collecting the annual financial reports. The result of the independent sample t-test shows that there are significant differences between the performance of the Islamic banks before and after the fatwa on the ratio of ROE, FDR and MMR. Whereas on the ratio of ROA and CAR have no significant difference before and after the fatwa.

scholarly journals Determination of vitamin A content from selected Nigerian fruits using spectrophotometric method

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
SO Aremu ◽  
CC Nweze
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conversion Formula ◽  
Major Nutrients

The vitamin A content of the fresh fruits was determined by the extraction and quantitative determination of the pro-vitamin A carotenoid-?-carotene. The Retinol Equivalent (RE) was then obtained using standard conversion formula. The result indicated that the fruit with the minimum vitamin A content and percentage among the six samples was found in mango 301.61 ± 1.03 (7%), which was followed closely by watermelon 350.12 ± 19.01 (8%), guava 504.1 ± 0.75 (11%), tomato 542.86 ± 20.20 (12%), pawpaw 683.93 ± 5.15 (16%) and the highest content was found in carrot 2054.10 ± 1.28 (46%) in (RE/100 g). Statistical calculations and analysis showed that there was significant difference in vitamin A content among the fruits (p<0.05). Thus, besides major nutrients fruits and vegetables contribute very good amount of micro nutrient-vitamin A from ?-carotene.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(2), 153-158, 2017

The determination of the volume and air space of soil clods

1944 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Russell ◽  
W. Balcerek
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hydrocarbon Oil

A method is described for determining the field volume and the air space of a clod of any shape by filling its pores with a hydrocarbon oil, such as paraffin or tetralin, and determining its weight in the oil and in air before and after impregnation. The method appears to work well for clods of any moisture content.This method is shown to give values of these volumes entirely comparable with those given by the other accurate methods described in the literature. Its accuracy for clods of Rothamsted soil, weighing between 20 and 500 g., was probably at least 1 part per thousand, i.e. 0-1%.The method has been applied to the determination of the available water held by a soil and has been used to illustrate the effect of long-continued applications of farmyard manure to a soil in increasing the amount of available water it can hold.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF DARVYADI LEHYA AND DRAKSHADI LEHYA IN PANDU ROGA W.S.R TO I.D.A

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4324-4328
Author(s):  
Karthika Raj ◽  
Susheel Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Comparative Clinical Study ◽  
Global Data

Pandu is a Pitta Pradhana Tridoshaja Vikara affecting the Rasavaha srotas causing Sapta Dhatu Kshaya and Ojokshaya1. The disease is characterized by Panduvamata and Arohana Ayasa. Karnakshweda, Agnimandya, Daurbalya, Annadwesha, Srama, Bhrama, Gathrashoola, Arohanaayasa, Aruchi, Gaurava etc. are the other symptoms commonly found in the patients of Pandu. In the Present era, Anaemia is a burning issue around the world and W.H.O Global data base 2011 reveals that, in a 120 million population, 83% people are suffering from anaemia2.Present study was conducted on 60 diagnosed patients of Panduwho were randomly allocated with 30 each in two groups. Darvyadhi Lehya was given for one group and Drakshadhi Lehya a widely used formulation in clinical practice was given for another group. The study was conducted in 60 subjects for a period of 30 days. Clinical features and haematological parameters were documented before and after the treatment. The results of the study showed that, a statistically significant difference was not seen between the effect of Darvyadi and Drakshadilehya in Pandu roga.

scholarly journals Microleakage of high viscosity glass-ionomer and glass-carbomer with and without coating before and after hydrothermal aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. Process ◽  
Author(s):  
Asli Patır Münevveroğlu ◽  
Alev Ozsoy ◽  
Beyza Ballı akgol ◽  
Ruhan Bozatlioglu ◽  
Pelin Korkut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Coating ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Hydrothermal Aging ◽  
Dye Penetration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the microleakage patterns of GIC and GGC with and without their protective surface coatings on enamel and dentin margins before and after aging. Material and Methods: Two rectangular cavities (height: 2 mm; width: 3 mm; depth: 1.5 mm) were prepared on each tooth at the cemento-enamel junction were prepared on human permanent molars (N=56) and the teeth were randomly assigned to be restored with one of the following: a) high viscosity glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (EQUIA Fil, C Corp., Tokyo, Japan) (n=28), b) glass-carbomer cement (GCC) (Glass Carbomer Products, Leiden, The Netherlands) (n=28). Half of the teeth were further divided into two groups where one group received protective surface coating (SC) (G-Coat Plus, GC Corp) (n=14) and the other group did not (n=14). Half of the teeth were stored for 24 hours (n=7), and the other half was thermocycled (5000 cycles, 5-55°C) (n=7). For microleakage analysis, the teeth were immersed in 5% methylene blue dye for 24 hours, sectioned into two equal halves. Microleakage patterns were evaluated using stereomicroscope and scored on a scale of 0-3 (0: No dye penetration, 1: Dye penetration less than half of the axial wall, 2: Dye penetration more than half the axial wall, 3: Dye penetration spreading along the axial wall). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis tests at the significance level of 0.05. Results: Compared to 24 h storage, after thermocycling, surface coating on GIC decreased microleakage significantly compared to GCC (p=0.046) but not for GCC. In the thermocycled groups, coated GIC showed significantly less leakage at the enamel margin but no significant difference was found with both GIC and GCC in the dentin margins. Conclusion: The application of surface coating significantly reduced the microleakage scores of GIC but not GCC, within the enamel margins only.KeywordsGlass-carbomer; Glass-ionomer; Microleakage.

scholarly journals Comparison between Ormeloxifene and Norethisterone in reducing menorrhagia in dysfunctional uterine bleeding

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4966
Author(s):  
Swati Gett ◽  
Shruti Singh
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
The Other ◽  
P Value ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Background: Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB) is a condition that affects nearly every woman at some point in her life. This study aims to compare the efficacy of Ormeloxifene and Norethisterone in reducing menorrhagia in such patients.Methods: This prospective study was done on 100 women presenting with dysfunctional uterine bleeding, of 20-50 years of age, who were ready for follow-up and were allocated into two equal groups, one was given Ormeloxifene and the other was given Norethisterone for a period of 3 months. Haemoglobin levels, endometrial thickness on ultrasound and Pictorial Blood loss Assessment Chart (PBAC) scores were assessed before and after the treatment.Results: It was found that both Ormeloxifene and Norethisterone reduced menorrhagia, with a significant difference in PBAC scores (p value <0.05). There was a notable reduction in PBAC scores in Ormeloxifene group (66.53% change from pretreatment mean value) as compared to Norethisterone group (31.38% change from pretreatment mean value); and same holds true for the change in haemoglobin levels as well as endometrial thickness. Ormeloxifene was found to have a greater effect on heavy menstrual bleeding in comparison to Norethisterone.Conclusions: Ormeloxifene is a new modality and is found to be a better option in reducing menorrhagia in DUB in respect to a greater success rate, better compliance and cost effectiveness.

Effects of Different Molting Procedures on Incidence of Salmonella Infection in Flocks of Naturally Contaminated Laying Hens in a Commercial Egg-Producing Farm by Detection of Yolk Antibodies to Salmonella in Eggs

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2883-2888 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOSHIYUKI MURASE ◽  
KAORI CHIBA ◽  
TOMOKO SATO ◽  
KOICHI OTSUKI ◽  
PETER S. HOLT
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Withdrawal ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Egg Yolks

Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been applied to detect immunoglobulin Y antibodies to different serotypes of Salmonella in the yolks of chicken eggs with heat-extracted antigens of Salmonella enterica serotypes Agona (SA), Cerro (SC), Enteritidis (SE), Montevideo (SM), and Putten (SP). The egg yolk samples examined were classified as positive if their ELISA absorbance values exceeded the value for eggs from specific-pathogen-free flocks by more than two standard deviations. Of 30 egg yolk samples from three flocks vaccinated with a killed SE vaccine, 29 were antibody positive by the ELISA assay for the SE antigen. Four to 29 of the 29 yolk samples showed positive results for the other serovars, although the absorbance values for SE were higher than those obtained for the other serotypes in each of the yolk samples. All 30 yolks from three flocks that were not administered any SE vaccines were found to be antibody negative for SE, and two samples were determined to be positive for SC. Thirty-nine or 40 eggs were obtained from each of four layer flocks in a commercial egg production farm where the laying houses were naturally contaminated with SA, SC, SM, SP, Salmonella serovar Infantis (SI), and untypeable strains. The ELISA absorbance values for SM in the egg yolks obtained from the two flocks molted through feed withdrawal when the birds restarted laying were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher than those observed in the yolks obtained before the molt. In egg yolks from the two other flocks that were molted through a wheat bran diet, there was no significant difference between the absorbance values before and after the molt. The observations in the present study provide further evidence to suggest that a molt initiated through the administration of a wheat bran diet can reduce the risk for Salmonella problems in a commercial egg-producing setting.

The Impact of Adopting Electronic Trading System on Performance of the Amman Stock Exchange

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Najeb M.H. Masoud
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Market Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electronic Trading ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Amman Stock Exchange ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to highlight the impact of adopting electronic trading System on performance of the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) represented in the (value traded) and (market capitalisation) where, for the implementation of that, secondary data were collected from (taken from the monthly statistical bulletins of the Stock Exchange) related to the study variables, where an analysis of the difference between the middle two samples: the first study variables before the introduction of the system, and the other after you have inserted, to find out whether there is a significant difference between the size of the stock exchange in trading before and after the introduction of the electronic trading system, and whether there is a significant difference between the value between the market value of securities listed on the stock exchange before and after the introduction of the system. The results of the study show that the use of the electronic trading system as an alternative to the manual trading system has contributed to raise the volume of trading and the market value of the ASE. We believes that the result of the increase in the degree of transparency and security for traders and investors in the stock market, and give great flexibility and different information to brokers facilitated an analysis of the situation of companies traded faster, which achieved more justice, speed and ease of execution of orders, on the other hand, the system has led to facilitate control over the trading operations and the dissemination of information in real time for both local or foreign investors which contributes to increase the depth and liquidity of the market.

Studies on embryonic determination of the harlequin-fly, Chironomus dorsalis. II. Effects of partial irradiation of the egg by ultra-violet light

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Hideo Yajima
Keyword(s):  
Ultra Violet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Centrifugal Forces ◽  
Ultra Violet Light ◽  
Violet Light

In an earlier study (Yajima, 1960) of centrifugation of the egg of Chironomus dorsalis, the author obtained various types of double malformation (double cephalon and double abdomen) which are correlated with the orientation of the egg at the time of centrifugation. As a result the author proposed (1) that the embryonic character of Chironomus was determined by two formative localities; one located in the anterior end of the egg and determining the cephalic structures, and the other located in the posterior end and having a tendency toward abdominal development, (2) that the thoracic structures are determined as the result of interaction between the two localities and, finally, (3) that such localities must be carried by a substratum not moved by centrifugal forces of less than 27,000 g.

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