INTERACTION BETWEEN THE AUTOSOMES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER AS MEASURED BY VIABILITY AND RATE OF DEVELOPMENT

1941 ◽  
Vol 19d (2) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
S. C. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Negative Effect

Females of an inbred al c: se ss: eyR mutant strain were crossed with males from a "wild" strain that had been inbred (brother × sister) for more than 60 generations. The F1 males were mated with mutant strain females. The backcross offspring would be expected to appear in eight genotypes with equal frequencies were there no differences in viability. The marker genes permitted the scoring of each fly as to whether it was heterozygous or homozygous for each of the mutant autosomes.The genes used as markers probably had a distinctly negative effect upon both viability and rate of development, but the second pair of autosomes in combination with the other mutant autosomes increased viability, when homozygous, to a greater extent than did a heterozygous mutant-wild type pair. Apparently the possible negative effects of the markers al and c were more than offset by other genes on this autosome which had positive effects. The negative effects of the homozygous mutant third and fourth chromosomes were severe when in combination.The interactions of the positive second chromosome and the negative third and fourth chromosomes in the eight genotypes were of some geometric order. It was found that the addition of a "positive" or "negative" autosome to any genotype caused a change in viability in the direction of the added autosome, but the amount of change is at present unpredictable and depends upon the particular combination to which the autosome was added.The relation between the different autosomes and the rate of development was quite different from the relation between autosomes and viability. The second chromosome (marked by al c), which gave the only positive contribution to viability, retarded development more than either the third (se ss) or the fourth (eyR). The effects of the three autosomes on rate of development were not strictly additive.It is concluded that there is interaction of the genes for quantitative characters and this interaction is geometric in nature. The significance of the results in their relation to some theories of the inheritance of quantitative characters is discussed.

scholarly journals Customer Value Co-Creation Intention, Practices and Experience in Self-Service Technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
Badra Sandamali Galdolage
Keyword(s):  
Customer Value ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Service Encounters ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Physical Interfaces ◽  
Self Service ◽  
Self Service Technology

Many service encounters are moving from traditional physical interfaces to technologically incorporated self-service options. However, it is surprising that very limited extant literature is devoted to understanding the movement towards self-service technologies. Therefore, this study aims at understanding customer value co-creation intention, practices including both the value co-creation and co-destruction and their co-creation experiences in self-service technology context. Based on the positivistic approach, a quantitative study carried out distributing self-administered questionnaires to 600 individuals chosen based on a non-probabilistic convenience sampling method. Study found that customer value co-creation intention has significant positive effects on customer value co-creation practices and significant negative effects on customer value co-destruction in SSTs. Value co-creation practices show a strong positive effect on customer functional experiences and ‘positive emotional experiences’ while having a negative effect on ‘negative emotional experiences. In contrast, co-destruction shows inverse relationships. This study assists practitioners to understand why customers collaborate with SSTs, what they do in co-creating value and how this links with their experience. Service providers can use this understanding to facilitate customer co-creation by securing positive customer experiences and achieving competitive advantage by designing and delivering value enhancing self-service technological interfaces from both strategic and operational perspectives.

Sanctuary Cities, Crime, and Incorporation

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-152
Author(s):  
Loren Collingwood ◽  
Benjamin Gonzalez O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Crime Reporting ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Chief Complaints ◽  
Negative Effect

One of the chief complaints raised against sanctuary cities is that they can increase crime, while one argument in their favor is that they can increase the incorporation of Latino and immigrant communities. This chapter analyzes both the positive and negative effects of sanctuary polices, finding that these policies have no effect on crime rates when comparable cities are compared to one another and when crime rates pre/post sanctuary are examined. The findings show that sanctuary policies can have positive effects, potentially increasing both Latino voter turnout and police force representation. While sanctuary policies are found to have few downsides and potential positive benefits, antisanctuary legislation like Texas’s SB4 are found to have a negative effect. In high-immigrant areas, antisanctuary legislation is found to depress the number of 911 calls, suggesting that antisanctuary legislation does in fact reduce crime reporting, as opponents claim.

Whether sharing economy creates social value?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 642-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Cui ◽  
Sitara Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
To Come

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to look at the insights of the value of the society influenced by sharing economy (SE). The study focused on both the benefits and flaws of SE by using the case of renowned SE platform “Uber” to come up with a holistic perspective of these effects from both the facets. Design/methodology/approach This study collects data from demand and supply side using interview and questionnaire. Then the grounded theory is adopted to analyze interview data and come up with six major research constructs. Further, quantitative analyses methods are applied on questionnaires to test “whether sharing economy creates social value” and to approximately estimate the extent to which sharing is economy influencing social value. Findings Findings suggested that, when only drivers were inquired about positive and negative effects of SE, positive effects were dominant. Also, when passengers were asked their opinion was also in favor of positive effects. From quantitative data analysis, the major factor significantly influencing the sustainability of the SE was “efficiency.” “Security issues and regulatory issues” were the prime negative factors, though again there was not enough statistical evidence to validate their significance. The authors hereby conclude that the positive contribution of SE is more, and it is increasing the values of the society. And the positive effects were twice significant than the negative effects. Originality/value Theoretically, the study contributes to finding both the helpful and harmful effects of SE on the values of the society. Practically, it suggests that governments should allow growth of SE under proper regulations. And car-sharing companies should focus on solving the security issues and regulatory issues.

scholarly journals Defects in Rhizobial Cyclic Glucan and Lipopolysaccharide Synthesis Alter Legume Gene Expression During Nodule Development

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra L. D'Antuono ◽  
Thomas Ott ◽  
Lene Krusell ◽  
Vera Voroshilova ◽  
Rodolfo A. Ugalde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Cdna Array ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mesorhizobium Loti ◽  
Expression Of Genes

cDNA array technology was used to compare transcriptome profiles of Lotus japonicus roots inoculated with a Mesorhizobium loti wild-type and two mutant strains affected in cyclic β(1-2) glucan synthesis (cgs) and in lipopolysaccharide synthesis (lpsβ2). Expression of genes associated with the development of a fully functional nodule was significantly affected in plants inoculated with the cgs mutant. Array results also revealed that induction of marker genes for nodule development was delayed when plants were inoculated with the lpsβ2 mutant. Quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify gene expression of a subset of genes involved in plant defense response, redox metabolism, or genes that encode for nodulins. The majority of the genes analyzed in this study were more highly expressed in roots inoculated with the wild type compared with those inoculated with the cgs mutant strain. Some of the genes exhibited a transient increase in transcript levels during intermediate steps of normal nodule development while others displayed induced expression during the final steps of nodule development. Ineffective nodules induced by the glucan mutant showed higher expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase than wild-type nodules. Differences in expression pattern of genes involved in early recognition and signaling were observed in plants inoculated with the M. loti mutant strain affected in the synthesis of cyclic glucan.

scholarly journals The Effects of Online Teaching on EFL Students’ Learning Motivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinying Xu
Keyword(s):  
Online Teaching ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Learning Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Efl Students

This study investigates the positive and negative effects of online teaching on EFL students’ learning motivation. There are 26 English majors in a Chinese university participant in this study. Data were collected from multiple sources: semi-structured interview and direct observation. The result shows that in the course aspect, it has a positive effect. In the teacher aspect, it has both negative and positive effects. But in the learning group aspect, it has a negative effect, because of losing of students’ interaction.

scholarly journals Does Usage of Online Social Media Help Users With Depressed Symptoms Improve Their Mental Health? Empirical Evidence From an Online Depression Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjie Lu ◽  
Taotao Pan ◽  
Jingfang Liu ◽  
Jun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Online Community ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Depressed Symptoms

Online depression communities offer people with depressed symptoms new opportunities to obtain health information and provide social support for each other to fight against the depression. We sought to investigate whether usage of online community help improve depression outcomes and determine which types of usage behaviors have positive or negative effects on depression. We proposed that two dimensions of the sense of belonging (sense of identity and trust) and three dimensions of the sense of support (informational, emotional, and socializing) have significant effects on depression, and further considered gender difference and its effect on depression. We obtained a dataset consisting of 465,337 posts from 244 members from a popular online depression community to test all 10 proposed hypotheses. The results reveal that (i) the sense of shared identity, trust, informational support, and emotional support have positive effects on depression, while socializing support have negative effects on depression, and (ii) the sense of shared identity and trust have more positive effects on depression for female users than male users while socializing support has a more negative effect on depression for female users than for male users. The findings have important practical implications for designers and managers of online depression communities.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE MORALITY OF MUSLIM YOUTHS IN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Folami, Ahmadu Bolanle,
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Media Violence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Meaningful Information ◽  
Quantitative Data Analysis ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Media

The study aims at shedding light on the positive and negative effects of social media on the lives of Muslim youths’ in Nigeria. although, it is an avenue to reach out to people, gather and spread information to one another in the Muslim domain. However, the youths have also lost their dignity through it, because it is another avenue for fraudulent activities. The work examines the effects of both electronic and print media on the socio-religious spheres of Muslim youths. The ability to use the media for “ networking” has played a significant role in the lives of these youths. As technology continues to evolve, including the means to connect and communicate in cyberspace, young Muslims see it as an opportunity for them to be heard. The researcher employed the use of qualitative and quantitative data analysis in carrying out this study as well as conducting structural interviews inorder to elicit useful information. The research finally suggests that, despite the positive effects of social media on Muslim youths’ through Facebook, Twitter, Instagram WhatsApp, e.t.c in passing meaningful information across the board its negative effect of promoting moral decadence like character assassination, media violence, nudity, obscene movies and videos that have challenged the moral values of a practicing Muslim were not to be overlooked.

The Macroeconomic Determinants of House Prices and Rents

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Shida
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Pricing Power ◽  
Macroeconomic Determinants

Abstract Based on panel error correction models for a sample of up to 21 countries, this paper analyses the macroeconomic determinants of house prices and rents. In accordance with the existing literature, I find significantly positive effects of per capita income and bank lending on house prices, whereas the housing stock per capita and interest rates have negative effects. For rents, the results are somewhat more remarkable, indicating that both the housing stock and interest rates have a negative effect. While contradicting conventional economic theory, the latter finding might be explained by real estate investors exploiting their pricing power with varying degree depending on the level of real interest rates. Moreover, the estimated impact of interest rates on both house prices and rents varies with structural housing market characteristics. For instance, while interest rates have a more pronounced effect on house prices in countries with more developed mortgage markets, the same does not hold for the effect of interest rates on rents.

Effect of fiber modification with carboxymethyl cellulose on the efficiency of a microparticle flocculation system

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat Ondaral ◽  
Orçuun Kurtuluş ◽  
Mustafa Usta
Keyword(s):  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Fiber Modification ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Drainage Time ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractCarboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been used widely to enhance dry strength of paper and uniformity of sheet in the papermaking industry. Besides these positive effects, it may affect the fines retention and dewatering processes negatively. These negative effects are mainly seen when fiber modifications with high CMC dosages are studied in laboratory scale. In this paper, the effect of fiber modification with CMC on the deposition of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and on the dewatering process in the presence of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM)/bentonite microparticle flocculation system is examined. It was determined that fiber modification with 10 mg g−1 of CMC decreased PCC deposition at the initial addition of CPAM and gave better PCC deposition at 2 mg g−1 of CPAM. It was also observed that PCC deposition on unmodified fibers is higher at lower CPAM concentration. PCC deposition was found as almost stable after a maximum value obtained at 0.5 mg g−1 of bentonite concentration for fiber modified with 40 mg g−1 of CMC. This indicates that interaction between CPAM and bentonite particles changed due to higher surface charge and CMC conformation on fibers. Results of the dewatering experiments showed that CMC modification increased the drainage time due to a denser and more plugged sheet. This negative effect was compensated with higher concentrations of CPAM and bentonite. On the other hand, dewatering is also affected by the mass ratio of CMC and CPAM, which was not the optimum one in this study at lower of CPAM. Thus, the increase in the drainage time in the presence of CMC on the fiber surface could be also caused by incorrect ratios of chemicals because the effect of CMC on the drainage time was not observed at higher concentrations of CPAM.

Positive and negative effects of allochthonous dissolved organic matter and inorganic nutrients on phytoplankton growth

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Klug
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth ◽  
Inorganic Nutrients ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can have both positive and negative effects on phytoplankton growth. The magnitude of these effects may vary depending on the source of DOM and the composition of the phytoplankton community. Here, I address the relative importance of the positive and negative effects of DOM extracts on phytoplankton growth. In short-term experiments with phytoplankton from West Long Lake, a small, moderately coloured lake in northern Michigan, U.S.A., the net effect of doubling ambient DOM on phytoplankton growth was positive. Increasing DOM concentrations from ~10 mg C·L–1 to ~20 mg C·L–1 had a negative effect on total phytoplankton growth by reducing irradiance and thus reducing the depth to which growth was positive. However, inorganic nutrients in the DOM extracts increased growth at each irradiance level. The positive effect on phytoplankton growth owing to the nutrients associated with DOM was greater than the negative effect caused by shading. Although the positive effects of allochthonous DOM inputs outweighed the negative effects for the nutrient-limited phytoplankton in these experiments, the net effect depends on the concentration and availability of nutrients associated with allochthonous DOM as well as the physiological status of the phytoplankton community.

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