Temporal and spatial patterns of angler effort across lake districts and policy options to sustain recreational fisheries

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
John. R. Post ◽  
Eric A. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Catch And Release ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
High Effort ◽  
Proportional Reduction

Studies suggest anglers allocate fishing effort across lakes districts based on fishing quality and travel time resulting in high effort near urban areas, which declines with distance. This results in quality fisheries in remote areas and poorer quality near population centres. In this paper we explore the effectiveness of harvest and effort regulations to counter this tendency for overfishing and stock collapse for a rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) fishery from a lake district in British Columbia, Canada. Our results suggest that daily bag limits can improve fishing quality if the effort is not too high, but fail to prevent collapse close to population centres. The ability of complete catch-and-release regulations to maintain quality fisheries is inversely related to the rate of release mortality. Catch-and-release fisheries with low mortality can maintain quality close to large cities, whereas higher release mortality does not prevent collapse. Direct fishing effort limitation can maintain quality fisheries, but a high proportional reduction in effort is required to maintain quality near population centres. Explicit consideration of the location of fisheries within lake districts is necessary to design effective management approaches and will likely require a mixed strategy with substantial spatial variation in harvest control.

Multiple challenges confront a high-effort inland recreational fishery in decline

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1357-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Cahill ◽  
Stephanie Mogensen ◽  
Kyle L. Wilson ◽  
Ariane Cantin ◽  
R. Nilo Sinnatamby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Abundance Estimates ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
High Effort

Catch-and-release regulations designed to protect fisheries may fail to halt population declines, particularly in situations where fishing effort is high and when multiple stressors threaten a population. We demonstrate this claim using Alberta’s Bow River, which supports a high-effort rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fishery where anglers voluntarily release >99% of their catch. We examined the population trend of adult trout, which were tagged and recaptured using electrofishing surveys conducted intermittently during 2003–2013. We constructed Bayesian multisession capture–recapture models in Stan to obtain abundance estimates for trout and regressed trend during two periods to account for variation in sampling locations. General patterns from all models indicated the population declined throughout the study. Potential stressors to this system that may have contributed to the decline include whirling disease (Myxobolus cerebralis), which was detected for the first time in 2016, notable floods, and release mortality. Because disease and floods are largely uncontrollable from a management perspective, we suggest that stringent tactics such as angler effort restrictions may be necessary to maintain similar fisheries.

scholarly journals Assessment on Global Urban Photovoltaic Carrying Capacity and Adjustment of Photovoltaic Spatial Planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3149
Author(s):  
Siyuan Chen ◽  
Yukun Zhang ◽  
Jie Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Sample Country

To promote the effective combination of photovoltaic (PV) utilization and urban development, this study proposes that solar PV generation should be taken as an important resource and environmental carrying capacity factor, which is defined as “Photovoltaic Carrying Capacity (PVCC)”, to be integrated into future urban planning. According to the PVCC assessment on global cities, the sensitivity of PVCC to different influence factors is analyzed and the benefits of different optimization strategies on PVCC are also discussed. Additionally, in an equilibrium analysis of PVCC distribution in six sample countries, we discuss both the causes and impact of their distribution gap. That analysis shows that the average PVCC in global urban areas can reach 23.13%, which approaches the anticipated needs of PV development in cities by 2050.Though different optimization strategies may be feasible to promote urban PVCC, they might only make significant changes in medium or large cities. When considering the high-efficient utility of local energy, dispersed layout of cities and population is necessary to implement PV spatial planning. According to the assessment and analysis results, the adjustment suggestions of PV spatial planning in each sample country are also discussed. Finally, it is pointed out that the proactive PV spatial may be of great significance to achieve higher solar energy supply and PVCC will be an available cognition in guiding this planning in the future.

Urban Transportation Planning for Air Quality Management: Case Study in Delhi, India, of Role of Social and Economic Costs in Welfare Maximization of Mobility Choice

2002 ◽  
Vol 1817 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolin Kokaz ◽  
Peter Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Management Case Study

Recent economic expansion and population growth in developing countries have had a big impact on the development of large cities like Delhi, India. Accompanied by Delhi’s rapid spatial growth over the last 25 years, urban sprawl has contributed to increased travel. The vehicle fleet projected at current growth rates will result in more than 13 million vehicles in Delhi in 2020. Planning and managing such a rapidly growing transport sector will be a challenge. Choices made now will have effects lasting well into the middle of the century. With such rapid transport growth rates, automobile emissions have become the fastest increasing source of urban air pollution. In India, most urban areas, including Delhi, already have major air pollution problems that could be greatly exacerbated if growth of the transport sector is managed unwisely. The transport plans designed to meet such large increases in travel demand will have to emphasize the movement of people, not vehicles, for a sustainable transportation system. Therefore, a mathematical model was developed to estimate the optimal transportation mix to meet this projected passenger-km demand while satisfying environmental goals, reducing congestion levels, and improving system and fuel efficiencies by exploiting a variety of policy options at the minimum overall cost or maximum welfare from transport. The results suggest that buses will continue to satisfy most passenger transport in the coming decades, so planning done in accordance with improving bus operations is crucial.

Letter To The Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-341
Author(s):  
Alfred Yankauer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
New England ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
The Rich

Dr. Yankauer wrote: Dr. Marks' point is moot. It has been raised previously in a Pediatrics Commentary. At about the same time a New England practitioner complained that private practice was being ignored in government programs. The question of whether young men finishing their residencies will "go where they are needed" can only be answered by time. The problem is that they are needed just about everywhere (by the rich as well as the poor) because of mounting manpower shortages.3 It is worth mentioning that in urban areas outside of the large cities, where money does not lead to such sharply segregated residential districts and hospital out-patient departments are underdeveloped, practicing pediatricians are virtually the only source of health care.

Identity and Marketing of Cities

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norberto Muñiz-Martínez ◽  
Miguel Cervantes-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
World Order ◽  
City Marketing ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Urban Quality Of Life ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Management Approaches

Cities are acquiring a key geopolitical importance in the shaping of world-wide flows and exchanges, playing a key part in modern socio-economic relations within the framework of the world order termed globalization. Urban areas are the nodes where networks of various types of interchange come together: economic, social, cultural, communications and interpersonal. While having a leading role in these major relations of world-wide exchanges, cities in addition shape their own interchanges between what they can offer and the demands from the various groups within them. These are principally their citizens, but also investors, tourists, and administrative and civil institutions. Strategic marketing and management approaches have been implemented into the field of countries, regions, and especially cities, which are adopting these approaches to sell what they have to offer; to better manage and compete more effectively. Marketing provides a conceptual framework, and tools for managing these exchange relationshipsbetween what cities supply and demand. This chapter explores these issues, and examines the evolution of city marketing, from emphasizing infrastructures and urban regeneration towards stressing intangible values, such as multicultural integration, urban quality of life, appreciating aesthetics, the design and beauty of a city, a marketing of cities by means of intangible and emotional elements.

scholarly journals Mapping Ecosystem Services for Marine Planning: A UK Case Study

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Tyllianakis ◽  
Lenka Fronkova ◽  
Paulette Posen ◽  
Tiziana Luisetti ◽  
Stephen Mangi Chai
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Marine Management ◽  
Mapping Tool ◽  
Ecosystem Services Mapping ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Marine Planning

This study presents an ecosystem-services-mapping tool that calculates the monetary value of several ecosystem services (ES) provided from an area comprising both MPAs (Marine Protected Areas) and non-managed areas. Findings in the UK South West Marine Management Organisation (MMO) Plan Area show that different MPAs yield high value estimates and that activities are grouped in certain areas, with the Severn Estuary and surrounding Site(s) of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) attracting the most recreational anglers, despite having lower water quality. This can be explained by increased nutrient levels, which enhance biological activity and yet do not cause oxygen depletion. The yearly value of the ecosystem service of carbon sequestration and storage in the area is estimated between £16 and £62 thousand. Proximity to large urban areas and shallow waters appear to be the most appealing factors for anglers, while proximity with France can be associated with the high fishing effort in the southwest of the study area. We show that the use of a tool integrating a willingness-to-pay function with high spatial resolution layers and associated monetary values can be used for short-term marine spatial planning and management.

scholarly journals Does High-Speed Rail Influence Urban Dynamics and Land Pricing?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panrawee Rungskunroch ◽  
Yuwen Yang ◽  
Sakdirat Kaewunruen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
City Development ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Practical Factors

At present, many countries around the world have significantly invested in sustainable transportation systems, especially for high-speed rail (HSR) infrastructures, since they are believed to improve economies, and regenerate regional and business growth. In this study, we focus on economic growth, dynamic land use, and urban mobility. The emphasis is placed on testing a hypothesis about whether HSRs can enable socio-economic development. Real case studies using big data from large cities in China, namely Shanghai province and Minhang districts, are taken into account. Socio-technical information such as employment rate, property pricing, and agglomeration in the country’s economy is collected from the China Statistics Bureau and the China Academy of Railway Sciences for analyses. This research aims to re-examine practical factors resulting from HSR’s impact on urban areas by using ANOVA analysis and dummy variable regression to analyse urban dynamics and property pricing. In addition, this study enhances the prediction outcomes that lead to urban planning strategies for the business area. The results reveal that there are various effects (i.e., regional accessibility, city development plans, and so on) required to enable the success of HSR infrastructure in order to enrich urban dynamics and land pricing. This paper also highlights critical perspectives towards sustainability, which are vital to social and economic impacts. In addition, this study provides crucial perspectives on sustainable developments for future HSR projects.

scholarly journals Small cities face greater impact from automation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (139) ◽  
pp. 20170946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan R. Frank ◽  
Lijun Sun ◽  
Manuel Cebrian ◽  
Hyejin Youn ◽  
Iyad Rahwan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Worker Displacement ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Job Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Technical Professions

The city has proved to be the most successful form of human agglomeration and provides wide employment opportunities for its dwellers. As advances in robotics and artificial intelligence revive concerns about the impact of automation on jobs, a question looms: how will automation affect employment in cities? Here, we provide a comparative picture of the impact of automation across US urban areas. Small cities will undertake greater adjustments, such as worker displacement and job content substitutions. We demonstrate that large cities exhibit increased occupational and skill specialization due to increased abundance of managerial and technical professions. These occupations are not easily automatable, and, thus, reduce the potential impact of automation in large cities. Our results pass several robustness checks including potential errors in the estimation of occupational automation and subsampling of occupations. Our study provides the first empirical law connecting two societal forces: urban agglomeration and automation's impact on employment.

scholarly journals Analysis of Self-Reported Walking for Transit in a Sprawling Urban Metropolitan Area in the Western U.S.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Coughenour ◽  
Hanns de la Fuente-Mella ◽  
Alexander Paz
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Las Vegas ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Active Transportation ◽  
Single Entry ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
Design Characteristics

Walkability is associated with increased levels of physical activity and improved health and sustainability. The sprawling design of many metropolitan areas of the western U.S., such as Las Vegas, influences their walkability. The purpose of this study was to consider sprawl characteristics along with well-known correlates of walkability to determine what factors influence self-reported minutes of active transportation. Residents from four neighborhoods in the Las Vegas Metropolitan Area, targeted for their high and low walkability scores, were surveyed for their perceptions of street-connectivity, residential-density, land-use mix, and retail–floor-area ratio and sprawl characteristics including distance between crosswalks, single-entry-communities, high-speed streets, shade, and access to transit. A Poisson model provided the best estimates for minutes of active transportation and explained 11.28% of the variance. The model that included sprawl characteristics resulted in a better estimate of minutes of active transportation compared to the model without them. The results indicate that increasing walkability in urban areas such as Las Vegas requires an explicit consideration of its sprawl characteristics. Not taking such design characteristics into account may result in the underestimation of the influence of sprawl on active transportation and may result in a missed opportunity to increase walking. Understanding the correlates of walkability at the local level is important in successfully promoting walking as a means to increase active transportation and improve community health and sustainability.

scholarly journals Behavioural adjustment of fish to temporal variation in fishing pressure affects catchability: an experiment with angled trout

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Koeck ◽  
Magnus Lovén Wallerius ◽  
Robert Arlinghaus ◽  
Jörgen I. Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Threat Perception ◽  
Fishing Pressure ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Catch Rates

In passive fisheries, such as angling, the fishing success depends on the ultimate decision of a fish to ingest the bait, based on an individual’s internal state, previous experience, and threat perception. Fish surviving capture by anglers are known to be less vulnerable, and catch rates usually quickly decline with increasing fishing effort. Previous theoretical models have thus suggested fishing closures as a means to recover responsiveness of fish to angling gear and maintain catch rates, yet empirical support remains limited. In a controlled replicated pond experiment, we evaluated the effects of temporal variation in fishing pressure on catch rates of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by simulating short-term fishing closures. Fishing closures increased catch rates and population-level catchability by reducing threat perception at the population level and allowing released individuals to return to a vulnerable state. Our experimental results show that periodic fishing closures benefit catch rates but at the risk of aggravating the likelihood of overharvesting.

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