Les problèmes de développement de petites organisations de pêche

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2293-2300
Author(s):  
P. Lacour
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Small Organizations ◽  
The Road ◽  
The People ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
Financial Power

Small-scale organizations are effective channels through which small fishermen ("pêcheurs artisans") can gain access to factors of production making for progress traditionally beyond their reach. Institutionally speaking, what is needed is to "build a bridge" between subsistence fisheries and a modern industry, something that small fishermen’s organizations can do.Such organizations should relieve traditional community structures, in particular the village, in order to open the road to progress. They can provide a framework into which factors making for modernization — usually foreign to old customs — may be fitted.Because of certain unique features, fisheries require a sectorial and integrated approach to their problems. They generally achieve only a precarious equilibrium in an atmosphere of constant crisis placing small organizations under the obligation of making emergency decisions.Finding financing for boats is a major problem for all small-scale fishing. It necessitates close coordination between the assembly of resources and the policy of investment, which is only feasible at a relatively advanced stage in development and with the help of a credit organization.Everywhere, even among the poorest groups, there are latent possibilities for savings. The credit organization should constitute the institutional channel for the collection of savings, to be converted into productive investment. Fishermen’s savings can be supplemented by government advances or international aid.In order to develop, fishermen’s organizations need legal foundations and instruments. It is advisable to create special institutions capable of embracing all development factors. In practice, such institutions can be organized around credit agencies or around bodies with other pertinent functions.Another suitable means for development of small-scale fishermen’s organizations is through federation. The scope of requirements for services of all kinds, both pre and post-fisheries, is such as to impose a policy of vertical integration supplemented by regionwide or nationwide cross-integration. Integrated, multipurpose groupings would concentrate the financial power of small fishermen.Such a complex approach to development necessitates constant research, reflection, proffering of incentives, and manpower training. In the first stage this work can be done by some institution that is conscious of this function of synthesis leading to the creation of new economic structures. In such a case, the credit organization may subsequently assume responsibility for control work.The human factor in small-scale fisheries is unique, the people exhibiting great independence of spirit and reserve. The profound recasting of their mentality, a pre-requisite for development, can only be accomplished through manpower training programs integrated into village life.The social needs of seamen/fishermen are practically unlimited. Small fishermen’s organizations can expand their range of services to all aspects of working and family life. As a rule, this approach will lead the fishermen to reconsider the whole organizational setup of fisheries and of traditional fishing practices. Pilot experiments should be aimed at gradually changing old habits and modernizing both the way of life of the fishermen and the fisheries themselves.

Functions and Strategies of Email Communication at the Workplace

2010 ◽  
pp. 479-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadina Habil
Keyword(s):  
Education Institution ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Public Higher Education ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Email Communication ◽  
The People ◽  
Communication In Organizations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Share Information

Email communication has been the communication medium for most organizations nowadays as the Internet has become a way of life for most people. To serve the purposes of communication in organizations, email is used to coordinate action, share information and satisfy social needs. This research was carried out to examine the patterns of email communication in a public higher education institution in Malaysia. A total of 86 emails consisting of 40 email chains and five one-way communication emails were collected over a period of four weeks. These emails were analyzed for functions and strategies used by the email writers. It was found that writers of email are aware of the strategies available for disseminating information and they used the strategies differently depending on the situation, the people involved in the interaction and the subject matter.

scholarly journals PERCEPTION OF SUDANO-SAHELIAN’S PEOPLE ON DESERTIFICATION AND ITS PROCESS

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
FC Ezeh ◽  
PA Ogwo
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Degraded Soil ◽  
The People ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Desertification is a major challenge for the people of the Sudano-Sahelian. Some of its effects on Sudano-Sahelians include hunger arising from a degraded soil, absence of portable water and general poverty. Incidentally, the action of humans has been implicated as major causative factors of desertification. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate if the bearers of the burden of desertification are the major causes of the problem. Zamfara state was randomly picked from among the eleven frontline states that fall within the Sudano-Sahelia region. Applying the Taro Yamen’s formula, 500 farmers comprising 50 large scale farmers and 450 small scale farmers were selected and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data were computed using SPSS version 20, while correlation and regression analyses were applied to test the hypothesis as regards significant relationship between desertification and the perception of the people. The results indicated no significant relationship (p>0.054) between desertification and the perception of the people. In conclusion, though the people are aware that their activities impacted desertification but are handicapped in terms of possessing the resources to fight it. Hence, they continued with their way of life and thereby aggravating an already bad situation.

scholarly journals STUDY OF TAOISM ETHICS AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION FOR DEMOCRATIC COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA

HUMANIKA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Iriyanto Widisuseno
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Road ◽  
Democratic Community ◽  
The People ◽  
Basic Issue ◽  
Synthesis Approach

The people of Indonesia are currently entering a period of transition. The transition is when democratic civil society creates opportunities for freedom, openness, and a broader political space of participation from people without exception. Civil society mobility affects the need for law enforcement and respect for moral values. The study of Taoist ethics becomes essential to explore an ethical way of life according to the laws of nature. The way the analysis uses: descriptions of hermeneutics, heuristics and synthesis. To achieve the first research objective using the hermeneutic description method, to reveal the fundamental meaning that gives importance to the ethical teachings of Taoism. The second research objective uses a heuristic approach, a step of finding ways to solve problems scientifically. The road to science, through an explorative understanding of the meaning of concepts or texts, to derive the fundamental problem specifications that arise in the empowerment of democratic civil society in Indonesia. To achieve the third research objective, using the synthesis approach, which is combined exclusively by drawing a node of logical and contextual relevance. The results show that the universal ethical values in Taoist natural ethics such as simplicity, honesty, discipline, compassion, obedience, sincerity, justice, have significance and relevance to the basic issue of plurality of civil society's life to democratic society in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Prescriptum: Women on the Road

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Nina Augustynowicz ◽  
Maria Czempka-Wewióra
Keyword(s):  
Core Values ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
The Road ◽  
The People ◽  
On The Road

This bilingual issue which we are now submitting to the reader takes up the theme of broadly understood travelling, being on the road, wandering, both near (not far from home) and very distant (into unknown realms of time and space). Travelling is associated with discovering new places, getting to know people and cultures, gaining experience, sometimes also pursuing a goal along winding and difficult paths. At other times, travel becomes an end in itself; it can be a way of life in which movement and change are core values. Not all journeys presented in this volume serve the purpose of recreation. Some were caused by oppressive conditions and threats to life and livelihood, which result in emigration, alienation and sacrifices that leave their mark on many generations. An inseparable element of travelling is the risk taken by the explorer. However, as the presented collection of articles confirms, journeys often become a creative impulse that leads to discovering oneself and one’s own culture in contact with the people one meets, with their customs and the places one gets to know.

Need of Human Rights as a Better Way of Life

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Tushar Kadian
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Labour Unions ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

Actually, basic needs postulates securing of the elementary conditions of existence to every human being. Despite of the practical and theoretical importance of the subject the greatest irony is non- availability of any universal preliminary definition of the concept of basic needs. Moreover, this becomes the reason for unpredictability of various political programmes aiming at providing basic needs to the people. The shift is necessary for development of this or any other conception. No labour reforms could be made in history till labours were treated as objects. Its only after they were started being treating as subjects, labour unions were allowed to represent themselves in strategy formulations that labour reforms could become a reality. The present research paper highlights the basic needs of Human Rights in life.

GST - Sway On Small Scale Industries

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 365-372
Author(s):  
Jayanti.G ◽  
Dr. V.Selvam
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Single Tax ◽  
The People ◽  
Indirect Taxes ◽  
The Government

India being a democratic and republic country, has witnessed the biggest indirect tax reform after much exploration, GST bill roll out on 1 April 2017.  The concept of this reform is for a unified country-wide tax reform system.  Enterprises particularly SMEs are caught in a state of instability.  Several taxes such s excise, service tax etc., have been subsumed with a single tax structure. it is the responsibilities of both centre and state government to shoulder the important responsibility to cater the needs of the people and the nation as a whole.  The main basis of income to the government is through levy of taxes.  To meet the so called socio-economic needs and economic growth, taxes are considered as a main source of revenue for the government.  As per Wikipedia “A tax is a mandatory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed upon tax payer by the government in order to fund various public expenditure”   it is said that tax payment is mandatory, failure to pay such taxes will be punishable under the law.   The Indian tax system is classified as direct and indirect tax.   The indirect taxes are levied on purchase, sale, and manufacture of goods and provision of service.  The indirect tax on goods and services increases its price, this can lead to inflationary trend.  Contribution of indirect taxes to total tax revenue is more than 50% in India, therefore, indirect tax is considered as a major source of tax revenue for the government, which in turn is one of source for GDP growth.  Though indirect tax is a major source of revenue, it had lot of hassles.  To overcome the major issues of indirect tax system the government of India subsumed most of the indirect tax which in turn gave birth to the concept called Goods and Service Tax.

Principles of a Successful Social Life, In The Light of Islamic Teachings

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Muhammad Suleman Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Sound Foundation ◽  
Human Intellect ◽  
Islamic Society

Society means a group of people who are living together. People need society from birth to death. Without a collective life, man's deeds, intentions, and habits have no value. Islamic society is the name of a balanced and moderate life in which human intellect, customs, and social etiquette are determined in the light of divine revelation. This system is so comprehensive and all-encompassing that it covers all aspects and activities of life. Islam is a comprehensive, universal, complete code of conduct, and an ideal way of life It not only recognizes the collectiveness of human interaction. Rather, it helps in the development of the community and gives it natural principles that strengthen the community and provides good foundations for it and eliminates the factors that spoil it or make it limited and useless. The Principles of a successful social life in Islamic society seem to reflect the Islamic code of conduct and human nature. Islam is the only religion that advocates goodness and guarantees well-being. Islam gives us self-sacrifice, generosity, trust and honesty, service to the people, justice and fairness, forgiveness and kindness, good society and economy, good deeds, mutual unity, harmony, and brotherhood. Only by practicing the pure thoughts, beliefs, and unparalleled ideas of the religion of Islam, can a person live a prosperous life and he can feel real peace and lasting contentment in the moments of his life. A descriptive and analytical research methodology will be used in this study. It is concluded that for a prosperous social life it is necessary to abide by the injunction of Islamic principles, which provides a sound foundation for a successful social life here in the world and hereafter.

Corruption and Inequality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Raimondi
Keyword(s):  
Free State ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
The City

The chapter sets out the key terms and overall approach taken by Machiavelli to the problem of the cause of the corruption of a city and its inability to transform its orders. Only a republic can carry out this operation successfully because only a republic has as its goal the regeneration of the free and civil way of life, while the principality, even the civil principality, inevitably degenerates into tyranny. The possibility of re-establishing a free state in a corrupt city, therefore, only exists if it is not already a very corrupt city. If the city were in such a situation, the people would not be able to restore freedom since the principality leads to the emergence of the kingly state and from there to tyranny. Only after having brought virtue back to the city could its citizens create a well-ordered republic by equipping it with the necessary orders.

scholarly journals Work-Related Accident Prevention in Norwegian Road and Maritime Transport: Examining the Influence of Different Sector Rules

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Tor-Olav Nævestad ◽  
Beate Elvebakk ◽  
Karen Ranestad
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Accident Prevention ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
The Road ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Framework Conditions

About 36% of fatal road accidents in Norway involve at least one driver who is “at work”. It has been argued that the implementation of rules clearly defining the responsibility of road transport companies to prevent work related accidents, by implementing safety management systems (SMS), could lead to increased safety. In the present study we tested the validity of this suggestion, by examining the influence of different sector rules on work-related accident prevention in Norwegian road and maritime transport. In contrast to the road sector, the maritime sector has had rules requiring SMS for over 20 years, clearly defining the shipping companies responsibility for prevention of work-related accidents. The aims of the study were to: (1) examine how the different sector rules influence perceptions of whether the responsibility to prevent work-related accidents is clearly defined in each sector; and (2) compare respondents’ perceptions of the quality of their sectors’ efforts to prevent work-related accidents, and factors influencing this. The study was based on a small-scale survey (N = 112) and qualitative interviews with sector experts (N = 17) from companies, authorities, and NGOs in the road and the maritime sectors. Results indicate that respondents in the maritime sector perceive the responsibility to prevent work-related accidents as far more clearly defined, and they rate their sector’s efforts to prevent accidents as higher than respondents in road. Multivariate analyses indicate that this is related to the scope of safety regulations in the sectors studied, controlled for several important framework conditions. Based on the results, we conclude that the implementation of SMS rules focused on transport companies’ responsibility to prevent work-related accidents could improve safety in the road sector. However, due to barriers to SMS implementation in the road sector, we suggest starting with a simplified version of SMS.

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