Generation Lengths of Some Temperate Marine Copepods: Estimation, Prediction, and Implications

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1330-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Temperature Function ◽  
Oithona Similis ◽  
Single Temperature ◽  
Marine Copepods

Only copepodids should be used to trace synchronous cohorts from relative abundance of stages, and only long-lived adults correctly signal new generations from size changes. From extensive published data from Loch Striven, Scotland, life cycles are thus detailed for Pseudocalanus minutus, Microcalanus pygmaeus, Calanus finmarchicus, Centropages hamatus, Temora longicomis, Acartia clausi, and Oithona similis. Generation lengths are also estimated for all but M. pygmaeus from temperatures in nature and from laboratory data on food-satiated development. For stage durations (D) at various temperatures (T), Bělehrádek's temperature function D = a(T − α)−b is used. Temperature response can be about the same throughout a species range. With b fixed, α within a species can be the same for older stages as for embryonic duration, which can thus be used to estimate a for generation length even from a laboratory example at a single temperature. If food-satiated durations are available only for some stages, it can be assumed that other stages are similar (isochronal development). Food-satiated generation lengths predicted thus from the laboratory match those inferred from the Loch Striven samples. Trophic studies may be less revealing than further work on the "intrinsic" determinants of copepod performance. Competition for food should not be assumed in studies of niches and community dynamics of marine copepods. Key words: Copepoda, generation lengths, cohorts, body sizes, prediction, temperature, production, life cycles

scholarly journals Alteration of Feeding and Filtering Rates of Two Species of Marine Copepods Exposed to Different pH Levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqun Wang ◽  
Boyuan Wang ◽  
Ze Xue ◽  
Liyan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Marine Copepod ◽  
Oithona Similis ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Culturing Conditions ◽  
Filtering Rates ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Optimal Ph ◽  
Schmackeria Poplesia ◽  
Marine Copepods

Impacts of different pH levels on different species of marine copepods, Calanoida copepod Schmackeria poplesia and Cyclopoida copepod Oithona similis were evaluated, and the alteration of key physiological processes of feeding and filtering were comparatively studies under controlled lab conditions. The optimal pH for O.similis and S.poplesia was 9.0 and 8.0 respectively, and they performed differently when exposed to different pH levels. For S. poplesia., the feeding and filtering rates increased steadily with the increment of pH at the range of 6.0~8.0, and reached the peak at pH 8.0. However, the rates decreased when pH was above 9.0. O.similis seemed more adaptive to the change of pH, and the increment was found in feeding and filtering rates at a range of 6.0~8.0. The maximus appeared at pH 9.0. compared to the other pH levels, the acidifying level of pH 6.0 presented the most obviously inhibition on feeding and filtering. Results in the present study would shed light on establishing the optimum culturing conditions for the cultivation of marine copepod.

Analysis of the juvenile shell of Lingula anatina (Brachiopoda: Linguliformea) provides insight into the evolution of life cycles of fossil brachiopods

Paleobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Anna A. Madison ◽  
Tatyana V. Kuzmina ◽  
Elena N. Temereva
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Egg Envelope ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Planktotrophic Larvae ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Inferences on the development and morphology of extinct brachiopods must be informed by the ontogeny and shell ornamentation of extant brachiopods. Although the adult shells of extant brachiopods are well studied, detailed descriptions of the embryonic and juvenile shells of extant lingulides are lacking. Here, we describe in detail the shells of juveniles of Lingula anatina Lamarck, 1801 from Vietnam and the Republic of the Philippines. The following previously unknown properties of the lingulide shell are described: (1) a distinct border between the protegulum and the brephic shell; (2) drapes that develop on both the protegulum and brephic shell; and (3) the notched anterior margin of the brephic shell. The drapes and cogs on the brephic shell may be caused by the formation of setal follicles during the planktonic stage. Specimens of L. anatina from the Philippines have larger brephic shells than those from Vietnam, probably because the former have a longer planktonic stage. Based on comparisons of the first-formed shells of extant brachiopods with published data on fossil brachiopods, we suggest that the life cycle of extant lingulides, in which planktotrophic juveniles with a shell hatch from the egg envelope, is the most evolutionarily advanced brachiopod life cycle and appeared in the early Silurian. We suggest criteria for determining the type of life cycle based on the structure of the first-formed shell of brachiopods. Finally, we consider hypothetical scenarios of life cycles of fossil brachiopods, including true planktotrophic larvae in the Cambrian linguliforms.

Tako-tsubo syndrome and use of paclitaxel.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14012-e14012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Ionescu ◽  
Danielle Stone ◽  
James Stone ◽  
Jean-Bernard Durand ◽  
Gloria Iliescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Acute Chest Pain ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Published Data

e14012 Background: Vasospasm and arrhythmias are the main cardiac toxic effects of cancer treatment with Paclitaxel. Chemotherapy induced stress cardiomyopathy (SC) (Tako-tsubo syndrome) has been linked to antineoplastic agents associated with abnormal vasoreactivity. We aimed to identify if there is a causal relationship between SC and Paclitaxel administration. Methods: All cancer patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for SC at MD Anderson Cancer Center over a 6–year period were included in the study. We selected and retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all the patients who had chemotherapy induced SC. Clinical presentation, ECG, laboratory data, transthoracic echocardiogram and coronary angiography results were reviewed. Results: Out of30 patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for SC, 5 patients (16.6%) had SC triggered by chemotherapy. Three patients (2 females, 1 male, mean age 71.3 yo) had Paclitaxel induced SC (60%); two patients received a combination of Paclitaxel and Carboplatin for ovarian cancer, and one patient had combination of Paclitaxel and Cyclophosphamide for prostate cancer. Two patients had cardiac manifestations in the first day of Paclitaxel administration. All three patients presented with chest pain; T wave inversion was the main finding on the electrocardiography. All patients had changes in the cardiac biomarkers (BNP mean 1459.7 pg/dl, TN I mean 1.36 ng/dl, CK-MB mean 8.6 ng/dl) and significant LV dysfunction (LVEF < 50%). Characteristic apical ballooning pattern was identified in all cases from left ventriculogram. Chemotherapy was interrupted ; aspirin and beta blockers were initiated in all patients. Two patients were rechallenged with chemotherapy after 10 days, respectively 20 days after SC. None of the patients experienced recurrence of SC, nor arrhythmias while on aspirin and beta blockers. Conclusions: To our knowledge there are no published data on the association of Paclitaxel administration and SC. In cancer patients who develop acute chest pain after administration of Paclitaxel, evaluation for SC is important to exclude NSTEMI diagnosis, which can impact further cancer therapy. Cancer patients with SC whom have complete recovery may early resume cancer therapy.

Midcavitary Tako-Tsubo syndrome in cancer patients.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14011-e14011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Ionescu ◽  
Danielle Stone ◽  
James Stone ◽  
Jean-Bernard Durand ◽  
Juan Lopez-Mattei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Left Ventriculography

e14011 Background:Variants of the classic Tako-tsubo syndrome or stress induced cardiomyopathy (SC) includes mid ventricular or basal left ventricular wall motion abnormalities. Midcavitary dyskinesia and ballooning is considered a unique presentation, and there is no published data showing midcavitary involvement in cancer patients. Methods: All cancer patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for SC at MD Anderson Cancer Center over a 6–year period were included in the study. We selected and retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 8 patients who had midcavitary SC. Clinical presentation, ECG, laboratory data, transthoracic echocardiogram and left ventriculography results were reviewed. Results: Out of30 cancer patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for SC, 8 patients (26.7%) (4 females, 4 men, mean age 57.37 yo) had midcavitary SC. 62,5 % patients were diagnosed with a solid malignancy. Trigger factors for midcavitary SC were: systemic infection (3 patients with neutropenia), emotional stress (2 patients), chemotherapy (1 patient undergoing treatment with Ibrutinib), and surgical interventions (3 patients). Clinical presentation included chest pain (37.5%), shortness of breath (50%) and non specific symptoms (12.5%). T wave inversion was the most common electrocardiographic presentation (37.5 %), followed by ST elevation (25 %). All patients had changes of the cardiac biomarkers (BNP mean 2224. 4 pg/dl, TN I mean 2. 8 ng/dl, CK-MB mean 14 ng/dl) and significant LV dysfunction (LVEF < 50%). All patients underwent coronary angiography which showed no obstructive CAD; left ventriculography identified basilar and apical hyperkinesis and midventricular hypokinesia. Cancer therapy was interrupted; aspirin and beta blockers were initiated in all patients. The most common complications of midcavitary SC were: respiratory failure requiring intubation (37, 5%), pulmonary edema (25%), and hypotension (25%). No cardiac deaths were registered. None of the patients experienced recurrence of SC. Conclusions: Mid cavitary SC remains a rare entity, and raises further questions about the causal association between the mid cavitary involvement and cancer, and its impact on cancer therapy and overall survival in this cohort of patients.

scholarly journals Feeding of Calanus finmarchicus and Oithona similis on the microplankton assemblage in the Irminger Sea, North Atlantic

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1095-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Castellani ◽  
X. Irigoien ◽  
D. J. Mayor ◽  
R. P. Harris ◽  
D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Oithona Similis ◽  
Irminger Sea

scholarly journals Towards more realistic values of elastic moduli for volcano modelling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Heap ◽  
Marlène Villeneuve ◽  
Fabien Albino ◽  
Jamie Farquharson ◽  
Elodie Brothelande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Bulk Modulus ◽  
Volcanic Rock ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Selection Of

&lt;p&gt;The accuracy of elastic analytical solutions and numerical models, widely used in volcanology to interpret surface ground deformation, depends heavily on the Young&amp;#8217;s modulus chosen to represent the medium. The paucity of laboratory studies that provide Young&amp;#8217;s moduli for volcanic rocks, and studies that tackle the topic of upscaling these values to the relevant lengthscale, has left volcano modellers ill-equipped to select appropriate Young&amp;#8217;s moduli for their models. Here we present a wealth of laboratory data and suggest tools, widely used in geotechnics but adapted here to better suit volcanic rocks, to upscale these values to the scale of a volcanic rock mass. We provide the means to estimate upscaled values of Young&amp;#8217;s modulus, Poisson&amp;#8217;s ratio, shear modulus, and bulk modulus for a volcanic rock mass that can be improved with laboratory measurements and/or structural assessments of the studied area, but do not rely on them. In the absence of information, we estimate upscaled values of Young&amp;#8217;s modulus, Poisson&amp;#8217;s ratio, shear modulus, and bulk modulus for volcanic rock with an average porosity and an average fracture density/quality to be 5.4 GPa, 0.3, 2.1 GPa, and 4.5 GPa, respectively. The proposed Young&amp;#8217;s modulus for a typical volcanic rock mass of 5.4 GPa is much lower than the values typically used in volcano modelling. We also offer two methods to estimate depth-dependent rock mass Young&amp;#8217;s moduli, and provide two examples, using published data from boreholes within K&amp;#299;lauea volcano (USA) and Mt. Unzen (Japan), to demonstrate how to apply our approach to real datasets. It is our hope that our data and analysis will assist in the selection of elastic moduli for volcano modelling. To this end, our new publication (Heap et al., 2019), which outlines our approach in detail, also provides a Microsoft Excel&amp;#169; spreadsheet containing the data and necessary equations to calculate rock mass elastic moduli that can be updated when new data become available. The selection of the most appropriate elastic moduli will provide the most accurate model predictions and therefore the most reliable information regarding the unrest of a particular volcano or volcanic terrain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Heap, M.J., Villeneuve, M., Albino, F., Farquharson, J.I., Brothelande, E., Amelung, F., Got, J.L. and Baud, P., 2019. Towards more realistic values of elastic moduli for volcano modelling. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.106684.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals A National Collaborative Multicenter Phase II Study for Potential Safety Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma to Treat Severe COVID-19 Patients

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
Hani Al Hashmi ◽  
Deia Alawami ◽  
Syed Ziauddin A Zaidi ◽  
Nawal F Alshehry ◽  
Hazza A. Alzahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Plasma Infusion ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Pcr Test

Introduction Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has started to affect Saudi Arabia in the beginning of March 2020 and is expected to cause significant morbidity to many patients, especially to elderly, who might require intensive care unit (ICU) support to survive as its lethality increases with the increasing age. Recent publications suggested the benefit of utilizing convalescent plasma from recovered donors as a therapeutic approach in treating COVID-19 patients. Convalescent plasma could provide our first-line defense for people with COVID-19, especially those who are older and at a much higher risk for complications., therefore, we developed a national protocol to investigate the safety, benefit and applicability at larger scale and at different health care facilities in Saudi Arabia (KSA). Objectives Primary endpoints are 1. ICU (or designated area for critical patients) length of stay 2. Safety of convalescent plasma&gt; Secondary endpoints included: 1. 30 days mortality 2. Number of days on mechanical ventilation 3. Days to clinical recovery Method Eligible convalescent plasma donors will be invited to participate in trial. The arrangement for plasmapheresis will start after obtaining donor informed consent. The collected plasma will be treated with pathogen reduction system. The convalescent plasma units will be labelled, stored and shipped as per the standard transfusion medicine protocols. It will be used only for eligible patients' "recipients" as per the following eligibility criteria: 1. Inclusion criteria: - Confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 infection with POSITIVE rRT PCR test -18 or older -Must have been requiring ICU care or severe or immediately life-threatening care (any one of the following): 1. Patient requiring ICU care/admission. 2. Severe disease is defined as: a. Dyspnea b. Respiratory frequency ≥ 30/min c. Blood oxygen saturation ≤ 93% d. Partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio &lt; 300, and/or Lung infiltrates &gt; 50% within 24 to 48 hours 3. Life-threatening disease is defined as: a. Respiratory failure b. Septic shock, and/or c.Multiple organ dysfunction or failure Exclusion criteria: 1. Negative or non-conclusive test COVID-19 rRT PCR test 2. Mild symptoms 3. Hospitalization not requiring ICU care/admission Eligible Patients will be infused with the convalescent plasma (200-400 ml / treatment dose)at least once & if possible, daily, for up to 5 sessions. Other supportive and therapeutic measures should continue according to the locally approved protocols with due diligence. Sample size was calculated with 80% power and 5% level of significance based on the recently published data to detect statistical difference in the study outcome. Therefore, we plan to recruit total of 575 patients. Convalescent plasma Recipient Group: 115 patients (recipients) who have COVID 19 as per the inclusion criteria. Comparative control Group: 460 Patients who are eitherCOVID 19 historical control or only consent for sharing their clinical and laboratory data Matching for age, gender, Hypertension, Diabetes and intubation status were done based on the propensity score. Continuous variables will be presented as the median and interquartile range (IQR). Statistical software SPSS 24.0 will be used. Demographic, Clinical, imaging and laboratory information of all enrolled patients will be retrieved from the hospital electronic/paper records system to be used for the outcomes analysis. Results 22 sites across KSA that participated in the study. Tertiary, secondary, academic and non-academic centers participated (real world data). There were no unusual safety issues related to convalescent plasma infusion since all mortalities in the plasma group were not related to plasma infusion which represent similar finding from other the published international reports. Keeping in-mind that our data is still maturing, 30 survival probability in the plasma group was 69% compared to 56% in the comparative group (p value = 0.066) (figure-1). This benefit to seem to be more noticeable in the COVID-19 cases who did not meet the criteria for life-threatening disease (figure-2). Conclusion Our study supports the safety of convalescent plasma in treating COVID-19 patients. Patients who are in the category of life-threating/end organs failure do not seem to benefit. There might be a benefit in the other subgroups. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals 548. Convalescent Plasma in Hospitalized Pediatric and Obstetric patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S376-S376
Author(s):  
Saki Ikeda ◽  
Eduardo Benzi ◽  
Lisa Hensch ◽  
Sridevi Devaraj ◽  
Shiu-Ki Rocky Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Research Study ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Material Support ◽  
Study Investigator ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Background Published data on COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) use in children and obstetric patients is limited. We describe a single-center experience of hospitalized patients who received CCP for acute COVID-19. Methods We performed a retrospective review of children 0-18-years-old and pregnant patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed acute COVID-19 who received CCP from March 1st, 2020 to March 1st, 2021. Clinical and laboratory data were collected to assess the safety of CCP administration. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were measured before and at various timepoints post CCP transfusion. Correlation between SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin administered versus the SARS-CoV-2 anti-Spike immunoglobulin response in patient serum was assessed. Results Twenty-two children and 10 obstetric patients were eligible. 12 pediatric and 8 obstetric patients had moderate disease and 10 pediatric and 2 obstetric patients had severe disease. 5 pediatric patients died. 18/37 (48.6%) CCP units that were measured met FDA criteria for a high IgG titer. There were no complications with transfusion based on CDC, NHSN Biovigilance Component: Hemovigilance Module Surveillance Protocol. Two pediatric patients had fevers a few hours after CCP with low suspicion for a transfusion reaction. Median SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody levels of pediatric patients post-transfusion for 0-7 days was 80.6AU/mL (range: 2-1070), 8-21 days was 180AU/mL (range: 12-661) and &gt;21 days was 210AU/mL (range: 4.1-1220). For obstetric patients, post-transfusion antibody levels were only obtained 0-7 days post-transfusion with median 45AU/mL (range: 9.5-100). High-titer CCP showed a positive correlation with rise in patient immunoglobulin levels only in the obstetric patients but not in pediatric patients. Conclusion CCP was administered safely to our moderately to severely ill pediatric and obstetric patients. Among pediatric patients, the median serum antibody level increased over time after transfusion and suggested that CCP did not interfere with the endogenous antibody production. Antibody dose of high-titer CCP correlated with post-transfusion response in only obstetric patients. Randomized trials in pediatric and obstetric patients are needed to further understand how to dose CCP and evaluate efficacy. Disclosures Jun Teruya, MD, PhD, Apelo Consulting Pvt. Ltd (Consultant)Hemosonics (Other Financial or Material Support, Honorarium) Flor M. Munoz, MD, Biocryst (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Gilead (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Meissa (Other Financial or Material Support, DSMB)Moderna (Scientific Research Study Investigator, Other Financial or Material Support, DSMB)Pfizer (Scientific Research Study Investigator, Other Financial or Material Support, DSMB)Virometix (Other Financial or Material Support, DSMB)

scholarly journals 1360. Prevalence of Bacteremia in Hospitalized Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (SSTI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S766-S766
Author(s):  
Maria J Suarez ◽  
Yu Shia Lin
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
True Negative

Abstract Background Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) are common in outpatient and inpatient settings. The prevalence of positive blood cultures (BC) ranges from 2% to 52%. Because of the variations in published data, the exact prevalence of bacteremia in hospitalized patients with SSTI is unknown. Our objective is to determine the prevalence of bacteremia in hospitalized patients with SSTI. Methods Retrospective chart review from January 2017 to December 2018. Patients older than 18 years admitted with SSTI who required BC on admission were included. Patients who met the criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)/sepsis or severe SSTI, or had an underlying immunodeficiency underwent BC collection. Patients with diabetic foot ulcer, device related SSTI, necrotizing fasciitis, and osteomyelitis were excluded. Patients were divided into 3 groups: true positive (TP) defined as a true pathogen, false positive (FP) defined as a contaminant, and true negative (TN) defined as no growth in BC. Physician assessment, microorganisms isolated, number of positive bottles/culture sets, and timing of growth were reviewed. Patients’ comorbidities, presence of SIRS, laboratory data, duration of antibiotic use, and length of stay (LOS) were compared. Results We screened 583 patients and included 541 patients. The mean age was 62 ± 18.4 years, and 60% were male. 47/ 541 (8.6%) had skin abscesses. 57 patients (11%) had positive BC, of whom 32 were TP (6%), and 25 were FP (5%). 89% of patients (484) had TN BC. The organisms isolated are described in Figures 1 and 2. Patients in the FP and TN groups had prior antibiotic use, compared to TP (P&lt; 0.05). The FP group had a longer LOS and duration of antibiotic use compared to the TN group (p&lt; 0.05). 76% of FP had repeated BC. Beta-lactam antibiotics were mostly used, followed by anti-MRSA antibiotics (40%). We did not find risk factors to predict the likelihood of bacteremia. The outcome was not different among the 3 groups. Figure 1. Microorganisms isolated from blood cultures of patients with SSTI – True pathogens Figure 2. Microorganisms isolated from blood cultures of patients with SSTI – Isolated contaminants Conclusion There was a low incidence of true bacteremia (6%) in hospitalized patients with SSTI. More than 90% of TP were predictable causal microorganisms, which are covered by empiric antibiotics. BC may not affect the initial treatment of SSTI. FP BC were associated with an increased LOS, longer antibiotic use, and increased healthcare cost. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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