Protein Synthesis by Lake Plankton Measured Using in situ Carbon Dioxide and Sulfate Assimilation

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2102-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Cuhel ◽  
David R. S. Lean
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Light Limitation ◽  
Sulfate Assimilation ◽  
Sulfate Uptake ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Total Sulfate

Sequential 4- to 6-h in situ measurements of carbon dioxide and sulfate uptake showed midday deepening of the depth of Pmax and photoinhibition of upper water column samples. Analysis of subcellular fractions accentuated total uptake measurements, with net protein synthesis providing a direct measure of growth. The percentage of carbon assimilated into protein was smallest at the depth of maximum photosynthesis and increased with light limitation. Summed incubations agreed well with all-day deployments for total carbon fixation and protein synthesis. Assimilation numbers were consistently low (<2.5 g C∙g Chl a−1∙h-1 with integrated (0–20 m) areal production of 616–1467 mg C∙m−2 and 7.5–32.4 mg S∙m−2 during the light day. Nonreductive sulfate assimilation (predominantly ester-SO4−) accounted for up to 40% of the total sulfate uptake when diatoms predominated. Protein synthesis measured with 35S (200–1000 mg protein∙m−2 during the light day) increased 57–89% overnight. Hourly rates were similar during light and scotophase incubations. Night metabolism substantially altered the biochemical composition (e.g. protein, lipid, and carbohydrate) of the plankton with respect to newly incorporated carbon. Combined plant-specific H14CO3− and general microbial 3SSO42− techniques suggested algal dominance in the mixed layer.

scholarly journals Carbon stock estimation and mapping of mangrove forest using ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 in Benoa Bay Bali, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 944 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
I G A I Mahasani ◽  
T Osawa ◽  
I W S Adnyana ◽  
A A M A P Suardana ◽  
Chonnaniyah
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract Mangrove forests in tropics coastlines area play an essential role in carbon fixation and carbon storage. Mangrove forests in coastal areas are very effective and efficient in reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere because mangroves can absorb CO2 through photosynthesis by diffusion through stomata and then store carbon in the form of biomass. With the lack of efforts to manage mangrove forests, it needs to be developed so that forest functions can be utilized sustainably. This paper describes examining the use of remote sensing data, particularly dual-polarization ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 data, with the primary objective to estimate the carbon stock of mangrove forests in Benoa Bay, Bali. The carbon stock was estimated by analyzing HV Polarization, Above Ground Biomass (AGB), and ground biomass (BGB). The total carbon stock was obtained by multiplying the total biomass with the organic carbon value of 0.47. The potential carbon stock in the mangrove Benoa Bay area is 209,027.28 ton C to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) of 767,130.11 ton CO2 Sequestration same with 3.87 X 1011 bottles in 2015 and 204.422,59 ton C to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) of 750.230,93 ton CO2 Sequestration same with 3.79 x 1011 bottles in 2020.

Primary productivity induced by iron and nitrogen in the Tasman Sea: an overview of the PINTS expedition

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Hassler ◽  
K. R. Ridgway ◽  
A. R. Bowie ◽  
E. C. V. Butler ◽  
L. A. Clementson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Light Limitation ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
The North ◽  
Tasman Sea ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Particulate Nutrients ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen Fixation

The Tasman Sea and the adjacent subantarctic zone (SAZ) are economically important regions, where the parameters controlling the phytoplankton community composition and carbon fixation are not yet fully resolved. Contrasting nutrient distributions, as well as phytoplankton biomass, biodiversity and productivity were observed between the North Tasman Sea and the SAZ. In situ photosynthetic efficiency (FV/FM), dissolved and particulate nutrients, iron biological uptake, and nitrogen and carbon fixation were used to determine the factor-limiting phytoplankton growth and productivity in the North Tasman Sea and the SAZ. Highly productive cyanobacteria dominated the North Tasman Sea. High atmospheric nitrogen fixation and low nitrate dissolved concentrations indicated that non-diazotroph phytoplankton are nitrogen limited. Deck-board incubations also suggested that, at depth, iron could limit eukaryotes, but not cyanobacteria in that region. In the SAZ, the phytoplankton community was dominated by a bloom of haptophytes. The low productivity in the SAZ was mainly explained by light limitation, but nitrogen, silicic acid as well as iron were all depleted to the extent that they could become co-limiting. This study illustrates the challenge associated with identification of the limiting nutrient, as it varied between phytoplankton groups, depths and sites.

scholarly journals Preliminary validation of column-averaged volume mixing ratios of carbon dioxide and methane retrieved from GOSAT short-wavelength infrared spectra

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 5613-5643 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Morino ◽  
O. Uchino ◽  
M. Inoue ◽  
Y. Yoshida ◽  
T. Yokota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Short Wavelength ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Infrared Observation ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Preliminary Validation

Abstract. Column-averaged volume mixing ratios of carbon dioxide and methane retrieved from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) Short-Wavelength InfraRed observation (GOSAT SWIR XCO2 and XCH4) were compared with the reference data obtained by ground-based high-resolution Fourier Transform Spectrometers (g-b FTSs) participating in the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). Through calibrations of g-b FTSs with airborne in-situ measurements, the uncertainty of XCO2 and XCH4 associated with the g-b FTS was determined to be 0.8 ppm (~0.2%) and 4 ppb (~0.2%), respectively. The GOSAT products are validated with these calibrated g-b FTS data. Preliminary results are as follows: The GOSAT SWIR XCO2 and XCH4 (Version 01.xx) are biased low by 8.85 ± 4.75 ppm (2.3 ± 1.2%) and 20.4 ± 18.9 ppb (1.2 ± 1.1%), respectively. The precision of the GOSAT SWIR XCO2 and XCH4 is considered to be about 1%. The latitudinal distributions of zonal means of the GOSAT SWIR XCO2 and XCH4 show similar features to those of the g-b FTS data.

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Methane measurements at Sodankylä, Finland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rigel Kivi ◽  
Huilin Chen ◽  
Juha Hatakka ◽  
Pauli Heikkinen ◽  
Tuomas Laurila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Finnish Meteorological Institute ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Good Agreement

&lt;p&gt;Carbon dioxide and methane column measurement at the Finnish Meteorological Institute&amp;#8217;s Sodankyl&amp;#228; facility in northern Finland started in early 2009. The measurements have been taken by a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) in the near-infrared spectral region. From the spectra column-averaged abundances of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and other gases are derived. The instrument participates in the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON).&amp;#160; Here we present long-term ground based FTS measurements of carbon dioxide and methane and comparisons with satellite borne observations. We find that CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; column amounts have increased by 2.2 &amp;#177; 0.1 ppm/year since the start of the measurements in 2009 and CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; column amounts have increased by 7 &amp;#177; 0.4 ppb/year. The measurements are in good agreement with multi-year measurements by the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT): the relative difference in XCH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; has been -0.07 &amp;#177; 0.02 % and the relative difference in XCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; has been 0.04 &amp;#177; 0.02 %. Finally we use balloon borne AirCore observations at the Sodankyl&amp;#228; site to provide comparisons between FTS and in situ observations during all seasons.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Photosynthetic contribution and characteristics of cucumber stems and petioles

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weike Sun ◽  
Ning Ma ◽  
Hongyu Huang ◽  
Jingwei Wei ◽  
Si Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Photosynthetic Antenna

Abstract Background Photosynthesis in the green leafless blade tissues or organs of plants has been studied in some plants, but the photosynthetic characteristics of stems and petioles are poorly understood. Cucurbitaceous plants are climbing plants that have substantial stem and petiole biomass. Understanding the photosynthetic contribution of cucumber stems and petioles to their growth and the underlying molecular mechanisms are important for the regulating of growth in cucumber production. Results In this study, the photosynthetic capacity of cucumber stems and petioles were determined by 14CO2 uptake. The total carbon fixed by the stems and petioles was approximately 4% of that fixed by one leaf blade in the cucumber seedling stage, while the proportion of the carbon accumulated in the stems and petioles that redistributed to sink organs (roots and shoot apexes) obviously increased under leafless conditions. The photosynthetic properties of cucumber stems and petioles were studied using a combination of electron microscopy and isotope tracers to compare these properties of stems and petioles with those of leaf blade using two genotypes of cucumber (dark green and light green). Compared with those of the leaf blades, the chlorophyll contents of the cucumber stems and petioles were lower, and the stems and petioles had lower chloroplast numbers and lower stoma numbers but higher thylakoid grana lamella numbers and larger stoma sizes. The Chl a/b ratios were also decreased in the petioles and stems compared with those in the leaf blades. The total photosynthetic rates of the stems and petioles were equivalent to 6 ~ 8% of that of one leaf blade, but the respiration rates were similar in all the three organs, with an almost net 0 photosynthetic rate in the stems and petioles. Transcriptome analysis showed that compared with the leaf blades, the stems and petioles has significantly different gene expression levels in photosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism; photosynthetic antenna proteins; and carbon fixation. PEPC enzyme activities were higher in the stems and petioles than in the leaf blades, suggesting that the photosynthetic and respiratory mechanisms in stems and petioles are different from those in leaf blade, and these results are consistent with the gene expression data. Conclusions In this study, we confirmed the photosynthetic contribution to the growth of cucumber stems and petioles, and showed their similar photosynthetic patterns in the terms of anatomy, molecular biology and physiology, which were different from those of cucumber leaf blades.

scholarly journals In Situ Rates of Carbon and Nitrogen Uptake by Phytoplankton and the Contribution of Picophytoplankton in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2903
Author(s):  
Bo Kyung Kim ◽  
Hyoung Min Joo ◽  
Jinyoung Jung ◽  
Boyeon Lee ◽  
Sun-Yong Ha
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Isotope Technique

Rapid climate warming and the associated melting of glaciers in high-latitude open fjord systems can have a significant impact on biogeochemical cycles. In this study, the uptake rates of carbon and nitrogen (nitrate and ammonium) of total phytoplankton and picophytoplankton (<2 μm) were measured in Kongsfjorden in early May 2017 using the dual stable isotope technique. The daily uptake rates of total carbon and nitrogen ranged from 0.3 to 1.1 g C m−2 day−1, with a mean of 0.7 ± 0.3 g C m−2 day−1, and 0.13 to 0.17 g N m−2 day−1, with a mean of 0.16 ± 0.02 g N m−2 day−1. Microphytoplankton (20–200 μm) accounted for 68.1% of the total chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration, while picophytoplankton (<2 μm) accounted for 19.6% of the total chl-a, with a high contribution to the carbon uptake rate (42.9%) due to its higher particulate organic carbon-to-chl-a ratio. The contributions of picophytoplankton to the total nitrogen uptake rates were 47.1 ± 10.6% for nitrate and 74.0 ± 16.7% for ammonium. Our results indicated that picophytoplankton preferred regenerated nitrogen, such as ammonium, for growth and pointed to the importance of the role played by picophytoplankton in the local carbon uptake rate during the early springtime in 2017. Although the phytoplankton community, in terms of biovolume, in all samples was dominated by diatoms and Phaeocystis sp., a higher proportion of nano- and picophytoplankton chl-a (mean ± SD = 71.3 ± 16.4%) was observed in the relatively cold and turbid surface water in the inner fjord. Phytoplankton production (carbon uptake) decreased towards the inner fjord, while nitrogen uptake increased. The contrast in carbon and nitrogen uptake is likely caused by the gradient in glacial meltwater which affects both the light regime and nutrient availability. Therefore, global warming-enhanced glacier melting might support lower primary production (carbon fixation) with higher degrees of regeneration processes in fjord systems.

Remote Sensing Measurements of Carbon Dioxide and Methane over Northern Finland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rigel Kivi ◽  
Juha Hatakka ◽  
Pauli Heikkinen ◽  
Tuomas Laurila ◽  
Hannakaisa Lindqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Gas Measurement

&lt;p&gt;Remote sensing measurements of carbon dioxide and methane at the Sodankyl&amp;#228; facility in northern Finland cover a 12-year time period. The measurements have been taken by a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS), operating in the near-infrared spectral region.&amp;#160; The Sodankyl&amp;#228; site is participating in the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). Here we present long-term measurements of column-averaged, dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide and methane and comparisons with satellite borne measurements. The relevant satellite missions include the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board of the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) and the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). We have performed AirCore observations in the vicinity of the TCCON instrument at Sodankyl&amp;#228; during all seasons. AirCore measurements are directly related to the World Meteorological Organization in situ trace gas measurement scales. The AirCore data are used in this study to provide comparisons with remote sensing retrievals.&lt;/p&gt;

Altered protein synthesis during in situ oat leaf senescence

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Lalonde ◽  
Rajinder S. Dhindsa
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Altered Protein

Impact of Dursban and Abate on Microbial Numbers and Some Chemical Properties of Standing Ponds

1975 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Butcher ◽  
M. Boyer ◽  
CD. Fowle
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
Dissolved Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Microbial Numbers

Abstract Eleven small ponds, lined with polyethylene, were used to assess the consequences of applications of *DursbanR at 0.004, 0.030, 0.100 and 1.000 ppm and AbateR at 0.025 and 0.100 ppm active ingredient. The treated ponds showed a more pronounced long-term increase in pH and dissolved oxygen and decreasing total and dissolved carbon dioxide in comparison with untreated ponds. Algal blooms were of longer duration in treated ponds than in controls. Total photosynthetic productivity was higher in treated ponds but bacterial numbers did not change significantly. Photosynthetic productivity was estimated by following the changes in total carbon dioxide.

scholarly journals Cell-free protein synthesis and in situ immobilization of deGFP-MatB in polymer microgels for malonate-to-malonyl CoA conversion

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (66) ◽  
pp. 40588-40596
Author(s):  
Tony Köhler ◽  
Thomas Heida ◽  
Sandra Hoefgen ◽  
Niclas Weigel ◽  
Vito Valiante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
In Situ Immobilization ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Free Protein ◽  
Malonyl Coa ◽  
Cell Free Protein Synthesis

We describe a bottom-up approach towards functional enzymes utilizing microgels as carriers for genetic information that enable cell-free protein synthesis, in situ immobilization, and utilization of functional deGFP-MatB.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document