FIFTY PER CENT TIME TO PUPATION AS A MEASURE OF DEVELOPMENTAL TIME IN TRIBOLIUM

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Cent Time ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
The Relationship

A technique for measuring developmental time in insects is proposed. The method is similar to the widely used 50% lethal dose (LD50). The major advantage for this technique, TP50 for pupation time and TE50 for adult emergence time, is the complete avoidance of introducing environmental correlations to the relationship among traits by handling. Standard deviations for TP50 and TE50 are obtained from the slope fitted to the data without resorting to individual observations.

LIFE HISTORY AND BEHAVIOR OF PODISUS MODESTUS (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) IN BOREAL FOREST IN QUEBEC

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Tostowaryk
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Logistic Curve ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
First Instar ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractPodisus modestus (Dallas) has one generation per year in the boreal forest of Quebec. Adults hibernate in the litter and soil from mid-autumn to late spring. Overwintered adults were found in the field until the latter part of August. Adults mated shortly after emergence from hibernation. Females mated an average of three times during the summer; the maintenance of a supply of highly fertile eggs apparently required this periodic mating. Young adults, which emerge from August to October, neither mated nor laid eggs before hibernation.The preoviposition period after first mating was 10 to 19 days. Females laid an average of 7.9 egg masses (average of 16.7 eggs per mass) at intervals of 1 to 25 days on jack pine, and on Kalmia and Vaccinium spp.Eighty per cent of the eggs hatched successfully after a mean incubation period of 15.3 days; 12% did not develop while 8% developed and were destroyed, during hatching, by other first-instar nymphs in the brood. Maturing nymphs spent an average of 7.7, 7.7, 7.8, 11.9, and 23.8 days in each of the five respective stadia, and required 59 days from hatching to adult emergence. A logistic curve describes the relationship between developmental time and temperature. First-instar nymphs required no animal food, but during each of the last four instars animal food was required for maturation. The hunting and feeding behavior, food consumption, abundance and mortality of P. modestus are also described.

scholarly journals A SIMULATION MODEL OF HOUSE FLY (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) DEVELOPMENT IN POULTRY MANURE

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Lysyk ◽  
R.C. Axtell
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Empirical Correction ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mean Time

AbstractDevelopmental times were determined at constant temperatures for egg–larval (prepupal) and egg–larval–adult (preadult) house flies in poultry manure. Developmental time decreased as temperature increased but declined at temperatures above 35°C. The average time from oviposition to pupation ranged from 26.8 days at 16°C to 5.2 days at 35°C, and the average time to adult emergence ranged from 43.1 to 8.8 days. Pupae were formed at 41°C, but no adults emerged above 38°C. The relationship between developmental rate and temperature was determined and used in a rate summation model to simulate prepupal and preadult developmental times in poultry manure, with manure bed temperature as input. The model was tested on the basis of developmental times determined in a poultry house during the fly-breeding season. The observed mean time to pupation under field temperatures ranged from 6.7 to 15.6 days, and adult emergence required from 12.5 to 27.1 days. Simulations were closest to the observed times when actual manure bed temperatures were used as input; however, soil temperatures obtained from a nearby weather station also provided satisfactory simulation results after an empirical correction was used.

The Relationship Between Personality and Self-Report Abilities

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Aitken Schermer ◽  
Andrew M. Johnson ◽  
Philip A. Vernon ◽  
Kerry L. Jang
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Ability Factor ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Common Environmental Factor

The relationship between self-report abilities and personality was examined at both the phenotypic (zero-order) level as well as at the genetic and environmental levels. Twins and siblings (N = 516) completed self-report ability and personality questionnaires. A factor analysis of the ability questions revealed 10 factors, including politics, interpersonal relationships, practical tasks, intellectual pursuits, academic skills, entrepreneur/business, domestic skills, vocal abilities, and creativity. Five personality factors were examined, including extraversion, conscientiousness, dependence, aggression, and openness. At the phenotypic level, the correlations between the ability factor scores and personality factor scores ranged from 0 to .60 (between political abilities and extraversion). The relationship between the two areas at the genetic level was found to range between –.01 and .60; the environmental correlations ranged from –.01 to .48. The results suggest that some of the self-report ability scores are related to self-report personality, and that some of these observed relationships may have a common genetic basis while others are from a common environmental factor.

scholarly journals Investigation of Deformation Inhomogeneity and Low-Cycle Fatigue of a Polycrystalline Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2673
Author(s):  
Mu-Hang Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Hong Shen ◽  
Lei He ◽  
Ke-Shi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Strain Tensor ◽  
Equivalent Strain ◽  
Differential Entropy ◽  
Strain Components ◽  
Deformation Inhomogeneity ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
The Relationship

Considering the relationship between inhomogeneous plastic deformation and fatigue damage, deformation inhomogeneity evolution and fatigue failure of superalloy GH4169 under temperature 500 °C and macro tension compression cyclic loading are studied, by using crystal plasticity calculation associated with polycrystalline representative Voronoi volume element (RVE). Different statistical standard deviation and differential entropy of meso strain are used to measure the inhomogeneity of deformation, and the relationship between the inhomogeneity and strain cycle is explored by cyclic numerical simulation. It is found from the research that the standard deviations of each component of the strain tensor at the cyclic peak increase monotonically with the cyclic loading, and they are similar to each other. The differential entropy of each component of the strain tensor also increases with the number of cycles, and the law is similar. On this basis, the critical values determined by statistical standard deviations of the strain components and the equivalent strain, and that by differential entropy of strain components, are, respectively, used as fatigue criteria, then predict the fatigue–life curves of the material. The predictions are verified with reference to the measured results, and their deviations are proved to be in a reasonable range.

Screening and Biochemical Analysis on Blackgram Genotypes for Resistance against Storage Pest Bruchine [Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ragul ◽  
N. Manivannan ◽  
K. Iyanar ◽  
N. Ganapathy ◽  
G. Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Biochemical Components ◽  
Storage Pest ◽  
Confirmatory Trial

Background: Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is a rich source of protein. It is one of the major crops essentially involved in daily human diets. However, storage pest bruchine [Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)] is a major production constraint for legumes. A research was formulated to assess the bruchine resistance in 20 blackgram genotypes along with the biochemical analysis to find out the active biochemical components responsible for the resistance activity.Methods: The experiment was carried out during August- October, 2019 at Entomology Laboratory, National Pulses Research Center, Vamban, India. The experimental material comprised of 20 blackgram genotypes which were screened for bruchine resistance. Further, confirmatory trial was conducted with selected resistant entries and highly susceptible entries during October- December, 2019. Both experiments were carried out in completely randomized design and replicated three times. GC-MS analysis on the resistant and susceptible entries were performed to ascertain the active biochemical components conferring resistance.Result: Among the genotypes, TU 68 had comparatively late developmental time (days), less number of adult emergence, higher mean developmental period (days), less susceptibility index, less seed damage (%) and less seed weight loss (%). Genotype TU 68 was found to be resistant in the confirmatory trial also. Less number of adult emergence and higher mean developmental period indicated the delayed developmental period which is a mechanism of bruchine resistance. GC-MS analysis on resistant (TU 68) and susceptible (MDU 1) genotypes indicated the presence of active biochemical compounds with insectifuge activity in TU 68. Hence, TU 68 could be utilized in the hybridization programmeas donor for bruchine resistance.

DISINFESTATION OF MANGOES HADEN IN-FESTED BY Anastrepha fraterculus (WIED., 1830) (DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE), WITH GAMMA RADIATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus

The objective of experiment was determinate the radiation dose for disinfestation to mango Mangifera indica cv. Haden, infested by Anastrepha fraterculus larvae. For realization of the experiment, were collected fruits in the field, which were taking to Entomology laboratory where there was a infestation by the flies in cages during 72 hours period. Waited for the development of the larvae and before 5 – 8 days to infestation, the mangos were irradiated in a Cobalt-60 source with doses of: 0(control), 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1.100, 1.200 and 1.300 Gy. After the irradiation, the fruits were placed in climate chamber with 25 ±5°C of temperature and 70±5% of relative humidity, posteriorly waited the larvae exit to out of the fruit until the transformation in pupae and posteriorly in adult stage. By the results obtained our can concluded that the lethal dose to larvae in mangoes infested with 5-8 days after infestation were 600 Gy and 1.000 Gy (0.6 and 1 kGy) respectively. The dose of 50 Gy prevented the total adult emergence for both treatments. 

scholarly journals Causal analysis shows evidence of atopic dermatitis leading to an increase in vitamin D levels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R Drodge ◽  
Ashley Budu-Aggrey ◽  
Lavinia Paternoster
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gwa Studies

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) patients have been observed to have lower vitamin D levels. Previous studies have found little evidence that vitamin D levels causally influence the risk of AD, but the reverse direction has not yet been investigated.Here we used Mendelian Randomization to assess the causal relationship between AD and serum vitamin D levels, using genetic data from the most recent GWA studies of vitamin D and AD.There was little evidence for vitamin D levels causally influencing AD risk (odds per standard deviations increase in log-transformed vitamin D levels =1.233, 95% CI 0.927 to 1.639, P-value =0.150). However, genetic liability for AD raises serum vitamin D levels by 0.043 (95% CI 0.017 to 0.069) standard deviations per doubling of odds of disease (P-value =0.001). The AD-associated filaggrin (FLG) mutation R501X appears to show a particularly strong relationship with vitamin D. However, the relationship between AD and vitamin D holds when R501X is omitted (0.018, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.031, P-value =0.008).We found evidence that AD is causally associated with an increase in serum vitamin D levels. Whilst the AD-associated FLG gene has a particularly strong relationship with vitamin D, other AD SNPs show a consistent direction of effect, suggesting that AD more generally influences serum vitamin D levels.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE CAPACITY OF CHEMICALS TO THE CUMULATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF THEIR MOLECULES

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 970-974
Author(s):  
Nina V. Kharchevnikova ◽  
Z. I. Zholdakova ◽  
V. I. Zhurko ◽  
D. Yu. Fedortsova ◽  
V. G. Blinova
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Jsm Method ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Structural Class ◽  
Chemical Hazard ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
The Relationship

The relationships between the capacity of chemicals to cumulate a toxic effect (functional cumulation) and the structure of their molecules were investigated. In the process of substantiation of safe levels (MAC) of substances in water this capacity is characterized by the cumulation hazard class (later in the text - hazard class). This class is stated to be depend on the value of the relationship between the mean lethal dose of the acute experiment and the threshold dose of the chronic experiment. The experimental study of a huge amount of new chemicals in the chronic experiments is a very difficult task, thus the study of the possibility to predict the hazard class of a chemical is of great scientific and practical interest. By using a logical combinatorial method JSM, named in honor of an English logic J.S. Mill, the structural groups in molecules, determining the appurtenance of these chemicals to a hazard class were identified and the possibility of the prediction of the hazard class of a chemical belonging to a definite structural array, containing such structural group were investigated. The training dataset (583 compounds) was automatically derived from the database WATERTOX, containing the data on acute and chronic toxicity for about 2000 substances. The results suggest the JSM method to be limitedly applicable for the determination of a hazard class of an untested chemical using this heterogeneous training dataset because we were unable to unambiguously derive the list of chemicals belonging to the class of moderately hazard substances. The chemical in some cases was predicted to belong to one or other of the neighboring classes. However taking in mind this uncertainty, the accuracy of the method evaluated, when using the “leave-one-out” method was 78%. Nevertheless the JSM method enables us to find structural subgroups “responsible” for the functional cumulation. The relation of the hazard class of a chemical belonging to a definite structural class with its structure and the possibility of the prediction of an untested chemical hazard class are demonstrated. The prognosis of the hazard classes for chemicals belonging to several structural sets including the anthraquinone derivatives, phthalimides, perfluorated aliphatic compounds, chlorosubstituted phenols, phenylureas is performed.

scholarly journals Potentials of Cow Dung Ash as Protectants of Cowpea Seeds against Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p128
Author(s):  
Mohammed Suleiman ◽  
Fatima M. Haruna
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Different Doses

Experiments were conducted to assess the protectant ability of cow dung ash (CDA) to cowpea seeds against Callosobruchus maculatus F. under laboratory conditions of 50-65% R.H and 28-32oC. The CDA at different rates of 0.625, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00% (w/w) incorporated with cypermethrin powder at 0.625% were applied to 20 g of cowpea seeds in petri dishes. None of the ashes or cypermethrin was added to the control. Ten beetles were introduced into each of the petri dishes and covered with muslin cloth. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Effects of the treatments on adult mortalities as well as median lethal dose (LD50) of CDA against C. maculatus were determined. Adult emergence and weight losses in seeds treated with CDA at different doses were assessed. Findings of the study revealed that the adult mortality of C. maculatus among different CDA treatments differed significantly (p < 0.05) and ranged from 13.33 to 100.00% 72 hours after treatment (HAT). Results of the study also showed that LD50 of CDA against C. maculatus at 24 hours after treatment (HAT) was 5.51 % (w/w). No adults emerged from the treated seeds and weight losses were observed in those treated with the lowest dose and the control only. Therefore, CDA could be utilized to protect cowpea seeds from C. maculatus infestations during storage.

Species differences in altitude tolerance following X-irradiation

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard D. Newsom ◽  
Donald J. Kimeldorf
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Simulated Altitude ◽  
Hypoxic Tolerance ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Altitude Tolerance ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between altitude tolerance and food consumption was investigated in irradiated and nonirradiated animals of several species. Food consumption was measured for 3 days following a mid-lethal dose of x-irradiation to assess the degree of postirradiation anorexia. Seventy-two hours after irradiation those animals, as well as ad libitum-fed and food-deprived nonirradiated animals were exposed to a simulated altitude tolerance test. The mortality produced in 4 hours was used as the criterion of hypoxic tolerance for each species. Irradiated rabbits and rats exhibited a severe decrease in food consumption and an increased hypoxic tolerance. Food consumption of mice was depressed during the 3 days following irradiation although the effect was much less than that observed for rats and rabbits. Guinea pigs and hamsters exhibited only a slight decrease in food consumption with recovery occurring after 24 hours. Mice, guinea pigs and hamsters did not exhibit a significant increase in hypoxic tolerance 3 days after radiation exposure. When nonirradiated rabbits, rats, mice and guinea pigs were food deprived, the hypoxic tolerance was significantly increased in all species.

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