Adaptation to Eccentric Exercise: Neutrophils and E-selectin During Early Recovery

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis X. Pizza ◽  
Heather Baylies ◽  
Joel B. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Arm Exercise ◽  
Blood Neutrophils ◽  
And Control ◽  
Key Words Muscle

The purpose was to determine the responses of blood neutrophils and E-selectin concentrations during early recovery (< 24 hr)from 2 bouts of eccentric exercise. Subjects (N = 9) completed 2 bouts of eccentric arm exercise using their non-dominant arm (Bout 1 and Bout 2) and 1 non-exercise control condition. The exercise bouts were separated by 4 weeks, and the control condition preceded Bout 1. Neutrophil concentrations were significantly higher at 3, 6, and 9 hr post-exercise for Bout 1 relative to Bout 2 and control. No significant changes in blood E-selectin concentrations were observed. Isometric strength deficit was similar for Bout 1 and Bout 2 at 5 min and 3 hr post-exercise and was significantly greater for Bout 1 relative to Bout 2 at 6, 9, and 24 hr post-exercise. The adaptation to eccentric exercise is associated with a lower concentration of blood neutrophils during early recovery. The neutrophilia associated with novel eccentric arm exercise precedes secondary changes in isometric strength and is not associated with changes in the concentration of blood E- selection. Key Words: muscle inflammation, muscle damage, leukocyte adhesion

scholarly journals Effect of Arm Eccentric Exercise on Muscle Damage of the Knee Flexors After High-Intensity Eccentric Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Ye ◽  
William M. Miller ◽  
Sunggun Jeon ◽  
Jun Seob Song ◽  
Tyler J. West
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Group 2

Repeated bout effect (RBE) describes a phenomenon that an initial unaccustomed eccentric exercise (ECC) bout can confer a protective effect against muscle damage from the subsequent same exercise. This protection has been observed in the same muscle, as well as the contralateral homologous (CL-RBE) muscle. But it is unknown whether the RBE is evident for non-local unrelated heterogonous muscles. The purpose of this study was to examine whether an initial elbow flexion (EF) muscle-damaging ECC could confer RBE against muscle damage from the subsequent ECC performed in the remote lower limb knee flexor (KF) muscle group. Twenty-seven young individuals were randomly assigned into the experimental (EXP: n = 15) and the control (CON: n = 12) groups. All participants performed a baseline unilateral KF ECC (six sets of 10 repetitions) on a randomly chosen leg. After a washout period (4 weeks), the EXP group performed 60 high-intensity unilateral EF ECC on a randomly chosen arm, followed by the same intensity exercise using the contralateral KF muscle group 2 weeks later. The CON group performed the same contralateral KF ECC, but with no prior EF ECC bout. Changes in the KF muscle damage indirect markers (muscle soreness, range of motion, and maximal isometric strength) after the ECC were compared between the baseline and second bouts for both groups with mixed factorial three-way (group × bout × time) ANOVA. Additionally, index of protection for each damage marker was calculated at 1 and 2 days after the ECC and compared between groups with independent t-tests. For both groups, the magnitude of the changes in the damage markers between the baseline and the second ECC bouts were not significantly different (all values of p &gt; 0.05). As for the index of protection, relative to the CON, the EXP showed an exacerbating damaging effect on the KF isometric strength following the second ECC bout, particularly at the 1-day post-exercise time point (index of protection: EXP vs. CON mean ± SD = −29.36 ± 29.21 vs. 55.28 ± 23.83%, p = 0.040). Therefore, our results do not support the existence of non-local RBE.

Age-Related Variations of Serum CK and CK MB Response in Females

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Arnett ◽  
Richard Hyslop ◽  
Carolyn A. Dennehy ◽  
Carole M. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Serum Estradiol ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Exercise Induced

The objective was to determine whether serum creatine kinase (CK) and serum CK MB activity following exercise-induced muscle damage activity differs among females of varying menarchial status and to determine whether there is a relationship between serum estradiol (E2) concentration, CK, and CK MB activity. Fifteen menarchial (M), 15 premenarchial (P), and 10 postmenopausal (PM) females participated in the study. Exercise consisted of eccentric hamstring contractions. Estradiol concentrations were significantly higher in M women (p = .0001; M, 125.0 ± 20.8 pg/mL, P, 54.6 ± 38.6 pg/mL, PM, 46.2 ± 34.6 pg/mL). Menarchial women had lower resting CK and CK MB activity and responded with a higher efflux of CK and CK MB post exercise (p = .0001). An inverse relationship was found between E2 concentration and baseline CK (p = .02) and CK MB activity (p = .006). No relationship existed between post exercise efflux of CK and CK MB and E2 concentration. At rest, E2 influenced CK and CK MB activity across menarchial levels. However, E2 did not significantly reduce the level of CK and CK MB activity following this intense bout of eccentric exercise. Key words: exercise-induced muscle damage, estradiol, menarhial, premenarchial, postmenopausal

scholarly journals Acute effects of strength and endurance exercise on serum BDNF and IGF-1 levels in older men

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Arazi ◽  
Parvin Babaei ◽  
Makan Moghimi ◽  
Abbas Asadi
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
And Control ◽  
Serum Bdnf

Abstract Background Regarding an important effects of physical exercise on brain function in elders, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of strength and endurance exercise on brain neurobiological factors in older men. Methods Thirty older men volunteered to participate in this study and were randomly assigned to strength, endurance and control groups. The subjects in strength group performed two circuits of resistance exercise (6 exercises with 10 repetition of 65–70% of one repetition maximum), while endurance group performed 30 min running with 65–70% of maximal heart rate. Blood was obtained pre and post-exercise to determine changes in serum BDNF, IGF-1 and platelets. Results After exercise, both the strength and endurance groups showed significant increases in serum BDNF and IGF-1 concentrations and platelets at post-exercise and in comparison to control group (p < 0.05). In addition, no statistically significant differences were detected between the strength and endurance groups at post-exercise. Conclusion Our findings indicate that both the strength and endurance interventions are effective in elevating BDNF, IGF-1, and platelets, without significant differences between them.

Tra Sicilia e America: gli "scappati" di Cosa Nostra

2009 ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Alessandra Dino
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Transnational Crime ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Critical Position ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Territorial Control ◽  
Cosa Nostra ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Control

Territorial control is one of the most important elements for the survival of the mafia. It is an obligated path to be able to obtain and control economic activities and to penetrate into all profitable sectors. Without territorial control it is impossible to control voters and without it all relationships with politics wither and die. It is within the territory where the imposition of "pizzo" (protection money) and extortion are planned against businesses and firms. This impending presence is also the cause in which citizens and families find themselves submitted to violence, the abuse of power and, if not only, to a limitation to their sphere of action. Telling the story about the scappati is to explain how, by their use of violence, Cosa Nostra has taken away from the State its lawful supremacy over large parts of the national territory. They planned the removal or deportation, under the threat of death, of entire families connected to the mafia. This story began in 1980 and is yet to be finished. The scappati migrated to the usa during the second mafia war and today they would like to come back to Palermo. However, not all agree with this possibility. The Sicilian mafia is in a critical position and if these refugees return it could produce a drastic and unexpected change in its leadership. Reading the pizzini (small notes of mafia members), analysing these sources, reconstructing scenarios makes it is easy to image what could happen if they returned: a new bloody conflict among mafia families.Key words: Cosa Nostra, territorial control, transnational crime, maxi-trial, mafia wars, the scappati.Parole chiave: Cosa nostra, controllo del territorio, crimine transnazionale, maxiprocesso, guerre di mafia, scappati.

Ammonia uptake in inactive muscles during exercise in humans

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. E101-E106 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bangsbo ◽  
B. Kiens ◽  
E. A. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Uptake ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Arm Exercise ◽  
Ammonia Uptake ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Exercise In Humans

The present study examined NH3 (ammonia and ammonium) uptake in resting leg muscle. Six male subjects performed intermittent arm exercise at various intensities in two separate 32-min periods (part I and part II) and in one subsequent 20-min period in which one-legged exercise was also performed (part III). The arterial plasma NH3 concentration was 79.6 +/- 9.6 (SE) mumol/l at rest and 88.1 +/- 9.1, 98.1 +/- 8.1, and 210.2 +/- 7.5 mumol/l after 10 min of exercise in parts I, II, and III, respectively. The corresponding NH3 uptakes in the resting leg were 3.3 +/- 1.3 (rest), 7.8 +/- 1.5, 14.0 +/- 4.5, and 57.7 +/- 18.3 mumol/min. Throughout each exercise period a net uptake of NH3 was observed in the resting leg (P < 0.05), but uptake decreased to resting values within 5 min of termination of exercise. The muscle NH3 concentration of 195.1 +/- 15.0 mumol/kg wet wt at rest was largely unchanged throughout the experiment. The present data suggest that resting muscles extract NH3 and contribute significantly to clearance of NH3 during exercise and in early recovery from exercise. The extracted NH3 appears to be metabolized within the resting muscles.

scholarly journals Muscle Damage Indicated by Maximal Voluntary Contraction Strength Changes From Immediately to 1 Day After Eccentric Exercise of the Knee Extensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikio Shoji ◽  
Ryoichi Ema ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
Akihiro Kanda ◽  
Kosuke Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Group

The present study examined if the magnitude of changes in indirect muscle damage markers could be predicted by maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque changes from immediately to 1 day after eccentric exercise. Twenty-eight young men performed 100 maximal isokinetic (60°/s) eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. MVIC torque, potentiated doublet torque, voluntary activation (VA) during MVIC, shear modulus of rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis and lateralis, and muscle soreness of these muscles were measured before, immediately after, and 1–3 days post-exercise. Based on the recovery rate of the MVIC torque from immediately to 1-day post-exercise, the participants were placed to a recovery group that showed an increase in the MVIC torque (11.3–79.9%, n = 15) or a no-recovery group that showed no recovery (−71.9 to 0%, n = 13). No significant difference in MVIC torque decrease immediately post-exercise was found between the recovery (−33 ± 12%) and no-recovery (−32 ± 9%) groups. At 1–3 days, changes in MVIC torque (−40 to −26% vs. −22 to −12%), potentiated doublet torque (−37 to −22% vs. −20 to −9%), and proximal RF shear modulus (29–34% vs. 8–15%) were greater (p &lt; 0.05) for the no-recovery than recovery group. No significant group differences were found for muscle soreness. The recovery rate of MVIC torque was correlated (p &lt; 0.05) with the change in MVIC torque from baseline to 2 (r = 0.624) or 3 days post-exercise (r = 0.526), or peak change in potentiated doublet torque at 1–3 days post-exercise from baseline (r = 0.691), but not correlated with the changes in other dependent variables. These results suggest that the recovery rate of MVIC torque predicts changes in neuromuscular function but not muscle soreness and stiffness following eccentric exercise of the knee extensors.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF STRETCHING EXERCISE ON HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES AND POST-EXERCISE HYPOTENSION IN NORMOTENSIVE WOMEN STUDENTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Mohebbi Hamid ◽  
Maroofi Abdulbaset ◽  
Ansari Nazanin ◽  
Jorbonian Aboozar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Women Students ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Rate Pressure Product ◽  
Rest Interval ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
And Control

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate acute effects of SE on post-exercise hemodynamic responses for 1-h in normotensive sedentary young women. Methods: Sixteen women (21.56±1.21yr; 159.6±0.5 cm; 54.53±6.02 kg) were randomly assigned to SE (n = 8) and control (C) groups (n = 8). SE group performed 20 stretches for the whole body. Each SE was repeated 2 times. Rest interval between repetitions and movement 10 s were considered. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial BP (MAP), rate pressure product (RPP), pulse pressure (PP) and heart rate (HR) were measured during 1-h (minutes: 0,15,30,45 and 60) in SE and C groups. Results: There were significant decreases (P

scholarly journals The influence of adding estradiol to semen on reproductive performance of sows

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Kirkwood ◽  
P. A. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
And Control ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

One hundred gilts and one hundred mixed-parity sows of Yorkshire and Landrace breeding were inseminated with semen with or without an additional 10 μg estradiol-17β. Pregnancy rates of gilts receiving estradiol-supplemented and control semen were 90 and 79%, respectively (P < 0.09). The estradiol supplementation of semen did not improve the pregnancy rates or litter size in sows. Key words: Swine, artificial insemination, estradiol

Assessing post-exercise respiratory gas kinetics in clinical sample - a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Patti ◽  
Y Blumberg ◽  
KJ Moneghetti ◽  
D Neunhaeuserer ◽  
F Haddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Peak Vo2 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Respiratory Gases

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is established in the evaluation of patients with cardiac and pulmonary diseases, and its clinical utility seems to be expanding.  Currently the most important diagnostic and prognostic ventilatory metrics of CPX rely on the exercise phase. Nevertheless, a consistent body of evidence suggests that important information can be derived from the recovery phase, especially in the first few minutes after exercise. In this context, patients with heart failure (HF) demonstrate a slower recovery of the oxygen consumption (VO2) compared with healthy individuals. Purpose: To comprehensively investigate the behavior of respiratory gases during recovery from CPX in a diverse cohort of HF patients. Methods: All individuals who performed CPX at the department of cardiology of Stanford University Hospital were eligible for the study. Patients were included in the experimental group if they (i) were recorded for five minutes after the exercise phase of CPX and (ii) had documented heart failure. They were excluded if they had other clinical diagnoses which may be responsible for exercise intolerance or symptoms or were unable to give informed consent. Healthy controls were recruited from the local community and were included if they did not have documented or suspected disease. Respiratory gases were collected on a breath-by-breath basis and analysed after applying a 30 second rolling average filter. Metrics were analyzed as absolute values, percentage change from peak and the half-time of recovery (T ½; i.e. the duration until a metric had returned to ½ of its value at peak). Data was analyzed over time within patients and averages between groups using parametric statistical methods. In accordance with previous studies, the amount of change in a metric after exercise is presented as the "magnitude" of overshoot. Results: 32 patients with HF (11 Female, 47 ± 13 yrs) and 30 healthy subjects (14 Female, 43 ± 12 yrs) were included. A comparison of ventilatory metrics during recovery between HF and controls is depicted in Figure 1. Peak VO2 was 1135 ± 419 mL/min (13.5 ± 3.8 mL/Kg/min) vs 2408 ± 787 mL/min (32.5 ± 9.0 mL/Kg/min); P &lt;0.01. A significant difference between patients with HF and healthy subjects was found in T ½ of VO2 (111.3 ± 51.0s vs 58.0 ± 13.2s, p &lt; 0.01) and VCO2 (132.0 ± 38.8s vs 74.3 ± 21.1s, p &lt; 0.01). The magnitude of the overshoot was also found to be significantly reduced in patients with HF for VE/VO2 (41.9 ± 29.1% vs 62.1 ± 17.7%, P &lt; 0.01), RQ (25.0 ± 13.6% vs 38.7 ± 15.1%, p &lt; 0.01) and PETO2 (7.2 ± 3.3% vs 10.1 ± 4.6%, p &lt; 0.01). Finally, the magnitude of the RQ overshoot showed a moderate correlation with peak VO2 (ϱ=0.58, p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: We observed that ventilatory kinetics measured in early recovery after CPX differ significantly between healthy subjects and patients with HF. The assessment of post exercise respiratory gases in a clinical setting may add to the prognostic and diagnostic value of CPX in heart failure. Abstract Figure.

scholarly journals The Importance of Fatty Acids as Nutrients during Post-Exercise Recovery

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Lundsgaard ◽  
Andreas M. Fritzen ◽  
Bente Kiens
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced

It is well recognized that whole-body fatty acid (FA) oxidation remains increased for several hours following aerobic endurance exercise, even despite carbohydrate intake. However, the mechanisms involved herein have hitherto not been subject to a thorough evaluation. In immediate and early recovery (0–4 h), plasma FA availability is high, which seems mainly to be a result of hormonal factors and increased adipose tissue blood flow. The increased circulating availability of adipose-derived FA, coupled with FA from lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-derived very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triacylglycerol (TG) hydrolysis in skeletal muscle capillaries and hydrolysis of TG within the muscle together act as substrates for the increased mitochondrial FA oxidation post-exercise. Within the skeletal muscle cells, increased reliance on FA oxidation likely results from enhanced FA uptake into the mitochondria through the carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1 reaction, and concomitant AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) inhibition of glucose oxidation. Together this allows glucose taken up by the skeletal muscles to be directed towards the resynthesis of glycogen. Besides being oxidized, FAs also seem to be crucial signaling molecules for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling post-exercise, and thus for induction of the exercise-induced FA oxidative gene adaptation program in skeletal muscle following exercise. Collectively, a high FA turnover in recovery seems essential to regain whole-body substrate homeostasis.

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